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SEPARATION PROCESSES
Angelica L. Catli
BSChE V
May 2019
Table of Contents
Chapter I............................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1The Problem and its Background .............................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER II.......................................................................................................................................... 4
Review of Theories ......................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Ammonia Capture Strategies ................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Pure Water as a absorption Solvent ........................................................................................ 4
2.3 Technical Discussion of Absorbers ......................................................................................... 4
Chapter III............................................................................................................................................ 5
Design Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter IV ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Case Study ........................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1 Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................ 7
4.2 Objective .................................................................................................................................. 7
4.3 Assumptions............................................................................................................................. 7
4.4 Design Calculations ................................................................................................................. 7
Chapter V............................................................................................................................................. 11
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 11
Chapter I
Introduction
1.1The Problem and its Background
Gas absorption is an operation in which gas mixture is contacted with a liquid for the
purpose of preferentially dissolving one or more components of the gas mixture and to provide
a solution in the liquid. An ammonia absorption is used in a variety of industrial applications
ranging from small refrigerators of less than 25 refrigeration tons of cooling capacity to massive
heat recovery machines installed with power plants. This is because ammonia is an excellent
refrigerant with a high latent heat and excellent heat transfer characteristics. Ammonia
absorption is suited to extremely cold temperatures.
The packed bed absorber are used in chemical industry to absorb a gas from a mixture
of gases or strip a volatile substance from a liquid. The columns are usually counter-current gas
liquid contactors in which gas flows upward and liquid downward. Environmental regulations
prohibit discharge of the ammonia into the air, and a small packed bed scrubber has been set
up to pilot the ammonia removal process.
CHAPTER II
Review of Theories
2.1 Ammonia Capture Strategies
2.2 Pure Water as a absorption Solvent
2.3 Technical Discussion of Absorbers
2.4
Chapter III
Design Methodology
d.
Inputs
Gas and Liquid Inlet flow rates
desired percentage of separation
Available area for absorber
installation
Hery's Constant For NH3
Calculations Procedures
Solution technique used in calculating the required tower height for a certain Percent separation
2. Identify the log mean average partial pressure difference of the entire column
p A1 p A1 PA2 p A2
PA PA lm p p
ln A1 A1
PA2 p A2
3. Calculate the height required using overall coefficient KGA, and the log mean partial
pressure difference
VT ( y1 y2 ) N A KGaVT pa p * a lm
Then, calculate the Height by using the Volume and the Area given
VT SZ
Chapter IV
Case Study
4.2 Objective
The objective is to determine the height of column based on the area and flow rates to
absorb the desired ammonia from the exhaust gas.
4.3 Assumptions
Absorber type: packed Column
Counter current orientation
Pure water solvent
Operating conditions 20°C and 1 atm
Henry’s Constant for NH3 at 20°C=600mm Hg per mass ratio
lbmol NH3
y 1 0.02
lbmol gas
0.02 lb mol NH3 lbmol NH3
Y1 0.024
0.98 lbmol air lbmol air
lb gas
M v 1 28.60
lbmol gas
lbmolgas lbmol NH3 lbmol NH3
mol NH3 in V1 17.4832 0.02 0.34266
h lbmol gas h
x2 X 2 0
lb H2O lb molH2O lbmol H2O
L2 500 27.77
h 18 lb H20 h
p A1 p A1 PA2 p A2
PA PA lm p A1 p A1
ln
PA2 p A2
p A1 y 1 P 0.02760 15.2mmHg
p A2 y 2 P 0.00041760 15.2mmHg
p * a HC
p* a2 0
P* mmHg lbmol NH3 17 lb NH3 lb mol H2O
a1 600 0.0123
massratio lbmol H2O lbmol NH3 18 lb H2O
p * A1 6.97mmHg
VT ( y 1 y 2 ) N A K G aVT pa p * a lm
lb
55.708
VT h
lb
163 0.0032atm
h. ft.atm
VT 10.9403 ft 3
VT SZ
10.9403 ft 3
Z
1 ft 2
300in 2
144in 2
Z 5.25 ft