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HISTORY
• Basketball was invented in 1891 at Springfield College, Springfield Massachusetts, by Canadian
born Dr. James Naismith.
• The game was invented in an effort to find a sport that could be played indoors during the long cold
winter months.
• in its initial stages the game was played with a soccer ball and peach baskets that were fastened 10
feet above the ground.
• Several years later the baskets were constructed to allow the ball to fall to the floor.
PLAYING AREA
• Violations: A violation is a minor infraction of the rules, and the penalty is that the ball is given to
the opponents outside the sideline, opposite the spot where the infraction occurred. Violations
occur for:
Traveling – taking more than one step while in possession of the ball.
Doubling Dribbling – dribbling the ball, stopping, then dribbling again; or dribbling
with two hands instead of one.
Out-of-Bounds – causing the ball to go out-of-bounds by stepping on or over the
boundary line while in possession, or passing or knocking the ball out.
3 Seconds in the Key – offensive player staying in the offensive key for 3 seconds or
more while that team has possession of the ball.
• Fouls
A personal foul occurs when a player holds, trips, blocks, pushes, kicks, or charges an
opponent; or engages in rough or unsportsmanlike play.
If a foul occurs while a player is shooting or in his steps toward the basket for a lay-up,
the shooter is awarded a free throw situation. If the shot was successful, the shooter is
awarded one foul shot. If the field goal was missed, two foul shots are awarded. If the
second free throw is successful, the defending team throws the ball into play from
outside the endline. If the free throw touches the rim but does not go in, play continues.
If the ball fails to touch the rim, the ball is given to the defending team on the sideline.
5 personal fouls on any one player results in disqualification from the game.
7 team fouls and the opponents shoot 1 plus a bonus
10 team fouls and opponents shoot double bonus.
TECHNICAL FOULS
• A foul that is committed by either a coach of any team member on the court or off the court. An
example of a technical foul is the harassing of one of the officials or any other unsportsmanlike
conduct.
• A technical foul results in one FREE THROW taken from the foul line by any member of the team
not committing the foul
• ONCE A PLAYER ACCUMULATS 5 PERSONAL FOULD THEY ARE ELIMINATED FROM
THE GAME.
FREE THROWS
• When a player is fouled in the act of shooting they are awarded free throw shots. If they sink the
basket and are fouled they receive 1 extra shot. If they miss the basket during their shot then they
receive 2 extra shots. If they are fouled during a 3 point shot then they receive 3 extra shots.
• Players have 10 seconds to release the ball once they receive it from the official.
• Players can not enter the box until the ball has made contact with the rim.
POSITIONS
• Although players are allowed to play in any position, the most common positions of the five
players on a team are:
• point guard (best ball handler),
• shooting guard (best outside shooter),
• small forward (versatile inside and outside player),
• power forward (strong rebounding forward), and
• center (inside scorer, rebounder, and shot blocker).
DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS
Man-to-Man
• Each of the five defensive players guards one of the five offensive players.
• Even if switching is used, each player is responsible for one offensive player at a time.
Zone
• Each defender is responsible for guarding a certain area, or zone, instead of guarding a specific
offensive player.
• The goal is to double-team the player with the ball.
• When an offensive player with the ball enters a zone between two defenders, those two defenders
attack the dribbler while the other 3 defenders guard their areas.
KEY TERMS
Boxing out:
• The players attempt to position his body between his opponents and the basket to get rebounds and
prevent the opponents from doing so.
Fake:
• A deceptive move to throw a defender off balance and allow an offensive player to shoot or receive
a pass; players use their eyes, head or any other part of the body to trick an opponent.
Rebound:
• When a player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a shot attempt; see
offensive rebound and defensive rebound.
Screen or screener:
• The offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the
chance to take an open shot.