Chapter I

Introduction
Smartphones or Cellphones nowadays are one of the most valuable possession a person
should carry. According to a statistic researcher almost 32 percent of the Filipino population in
the Philippines would use a smartphone. (www.statista.com).
The use of smartphone among students in the 21st century is seen as an important part of
their life because of its advanced features. Students use their smartphones to accomplish their
various daily tasks. Reviews from various studies revealed that students utilize smartphones for
various objectives. Most of the students utilize smartphones for entertainment, social and
education purposes. This study aims to review relevant literature on smartphone usage pattern
among students and identify the positive and negative effect of smartphone on students by
focusing on education, psychology and social aspect. Therefore, the review of this study is
important in providing the outcome of smartphone use either it is positively or negatively
effecting students life. This information is useful for researchers to conduct further studies in
this field.
The fast growth of technology has developed electronic device such as smartphone that
the function do not limited only for messaging but this device allow long distance
communication. Smartphone can be called as minicomputer as the features and functions
provided are like computer in its mini form and its handy (Rambitan, 2015). The smartphone era
began in 1993 with the introduction of Simon smartphone from IBM (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013).
Smartphone revolution era began with introduction of blackberry smartphone in mass
communication market equipped with many features such as web browsing, camera, email and
internet. Apple entered the market in 2007 and became a major breakthrough in the market as the
company introduce its first smartphone. By the end of 2007, android operating system by
Google was revealed to public in aim to approach smartphone consumer with advanced
technology. There are differences between the previous version and current version of
smartphone as the earlier version was more highly utilized as a tool in companies and was too
expensive to be introduced to public users. As the technology progress during that era was slow
and unaffordable by all, therefore the mobile phone users were limited. Essentially, mobile
phone were produced in afford to simplify adult’s job. However, as time passes, youth became
fascinated with this device. Smartphone offers many functions but youth are more attracted in
chatting and searching for new mates through the medium of social media and even like to
exchange pictures which seem to be unrelated to their learning. Smartphone seems to be the first
thing users look for in the morning and the last things they look at before they sleep (Lee et al.,
2014). Smartphone is a mobile phone that has the ability of a computer. This device provides
user with advance communication and computing ability than the traditional mobile phone
which equipped with internet access, cameras with high quality, and management tools
(Boulos et al., 2011). Latest smartphones are viewed as handheld computers rather than a
normal phone because of its powerful computing ability and large memory. The capability of
running feature-rich application (apps) on smartphones made smartphone a more powerful
device replacing many devices such as alarms clocks, calculators, laptops, GPS navigators and
digital cameras (Miller 2012). Based on the survey from Malaysian Communications and
Multimedia Commission (MCMC), it shows that the most popular medium for users to
access internet is by smartphone (89.4%) and the country being mobile-oriented society.
Based on 2017 report, there are 30.6 million mobile broadband subscriptions compare to 2.5
million fixed broadband subscriptions. Moreover, survey by Malaysian Communication and
Multimedia Commission in 2014 showed that 44.8 percent of smartphone users stated that
smartphone is very essential in their daily life and 60.9 percent of users’ age range between 20
and 39 are seen most obsessed with their smartphones, while 63.3 percent of users’ accessed
internet via their smartphones. Thus, it shows that Malaysian society has considered smartphones
as an important device to be utilized in their daily life (Manvin & Narina, 2016). Smartphone
turns out to be one of the technologies that spread the fastest and been adopted widely by the
world (Degusta, 2012). The way a person access information has changed with the
introduction of smartphone. Individuals that own a smartphone is utilizing it beyond the mere
function of calling and texting; by utilizing it for listening online music, online shopping and
banking, watching movies and sending pictures (Anderson, 2016).
Along with the advancement of smartphone technology is the outburst of different SNS
or Social Networking Sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat etc., but the most
popular among this social networking site is Facebook.
Facebook, American company offering online social networking services. Facebook was
founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes,
all of whom were students at Harvard University. Facebook became the largest social network in
the world, with more than one billion users as of 2012, and about half that number were using
Facebook every day. The company’s headquarters are in Menlo Park, California.
Access to Facebook is free of charge, and the company earns most of its money from
advertisements on the Web site. New users can create profiles, upload photos, join a preexisting
group, and start new groups. The site has many components, including Timeline, a space on each
user’s profile page where users can post their content and friends can post messages; Status,
which enables users to alert friends to their current location or situation; and News Feed, which
informs users of changes to their friends’ profiles and status. Users can chat with each other and
send each other private messages. Users can signal their approval of content on Facebook with
the Like button, a feature that also appears on many other Web sites.
The attractiveness of Facebook stems in part from cofounder Zuckerberg’s insistence
from the very beginning that members be transparent about who they are; users are forbidden
from adopting false identities. The company’s management argued that transparency is necessary
for forming personal relationships, sharing ideas and information, and building up society as a
whole. It also noted that the bottom-up, peer-to-peer connectivity among Facebook users makes
it easier for businesses to connect their products with consumers. The company has a
complicated early history. It began at Harvard University in 2003 as Facemash, an online service
for students to judge the attractiveness of their fellow students. Because the primary developer,
Zuckerberg, violated university policy in acquiring resources for the service, it was shut down
after two days. Despite its mayflylike existence, 450 people (who voted 22,000 times) flocked to
Facemash. That success prompted Zuckerberg to register the URL http://www.thefacebook.com
in January 2004. He then created a new social network at that address with fellow students
Saverin, Moskovitz, and Hughes. The social network TheFacebook.com launched in February
2004. Harvard students who signed up for the service could post photographs of themselves and
personal information about their lives, such as their class schedules and clubs they belonged to.
Its popularity increased, and soon students from other prestigious schools, such
as Yale and Stanforduniversities, were allowed to join. By June 2004 more than 250,000 students
from 34 schools had signed up, and that same year major corporations such as the credit-
card company MasterCard started paying for exposure on the site. In September 2004
TheFacebook added the Wall to a member’s online profile. This widely used feature let a user’s
friends post information on their Wall and became a key element in the social aspect of
the network. By the end of 2004, TheFacebook had reached one million active users. However,
the company still trailed the then-leading online social network, Myspace, which boasted five
million members.
The year 2005 proved to be pivotal for the company. It became simply Facebook and
introduced the idea of “tagging” people in photos that were posted to the site. With tags, people
identified themselves and others in images that could be seen by other Facebook friends.
Facebook also allowed users to upload an unlimited number of photos. In 2005 high-school
students and students at universities outside the United States were allowed to join the service.
By year’s end it had six million monthly active users.
In 2006 Facebook opened its membership beyond students to anyone over the age of 13.
As Zuckerberg had predicted, advertisers were able to create new and effective customer
relationships. For example, that year, household product manufacturer Procter &
Gambleattracted 14,000 people to a promotional effort by “expressing affinity” with a teeth-
whitening product. This kind of direct consumer engagement on such a large scale had not been
possible before Facebook, and more companies began using the social network for marketing
and advertising.
Privacy remains an ongoing problem for Facebook. It first became a serious issue for the
company in 2006, when it introduced News Feed, which consisted of every change that a user’s
friends had made to their pages. After an outcry from users, Facebook
swiftly implemented privacy controls in which users could control what content appeared in
News Feed. In 2007 Facebook launched a short-lived service called Beacon that let members’
friends see what products they had purchased from participating companies. It failed because
members felt that it encroached on their privacy. Indeed, a survey of consumers in 2010 put
Facebook in the bottom 5 percent of companies in customer satisfaction largely because of
privacy concerns, and the company continues to be criticized for the complexity of its user
privacy controls and for the frequent changes it makes to them.
In 2008 Facebook surpassed Myspace as the most-visited social media Web site. With the
introduction of Live Feed, the company also took a competitive swing at the growing popularity
of Twitter, a social network that runs a live feed of news service-like posts from members whom
a user follows. Similar to Twitter’s ongoing stream of user posts, Live Feed pushed posts from
friends automatically to a member’s homepage. (Live Feed has since been incorporated into
News Feed.). Facebook has become a powerful tool for political movements, beginning with
the U.S. presidential election of 2008, when more than 1,000 Facebook groups were formed in
support of either Democratic candidate Barack Obama or Republican candidate John McCain. In
Colombia the service was used to rally hundreds of thousands in protests against the
antigovernment FARC guerrilla rebellion. In Egypt, activists protesting the government of
Pres. Hosni Mubarak during the uprising of 2011 often organized themselves by forming groups
on Facebook.
Facebook encourages third-party software developers to use the service. In 2006 it
released its application programming interface (API) so that programmers could write software
that Facebook members could use directly through the service. By 2009 developers generated
about $500 million in revenue for themselves through Facebook. The company also earns
revenues from developers through payments for virtual or digital products sold through third-
party applications. By 2011 payments from one such company, Zynga Inc., an online game
developer, accounted for 12 percent of the company’s revenues.
In February 2012 Facebook filed to become a public company. Its initial public
offering (IPO) in May raised $16 billion, giving it a market value of $102.4 billion. By contrast,
the largest IPO of an Internet company to date was that of the search-engine company Google
Inc., which had raised $1.9 billion when it went public in 2004. By the end of the first day of
the stock’s trading, Zuckerberg’s holdings were estimated at more than $19 billion.
(Mark Hall posted at https://www.britannica.com/topic/Facebook)

Statement of the Problem

Specifically it will seek the following question:
1. What are the positive effects of using Facebook on the academic performance of SHS
students?
2. What will happen if we limit the Facebook interaction among the SHS students?
3. Does limiting the Facebook interaction among SHS students will help them increase their
efficiency on their respective classes?
4. Would there be a significant difference and positive effect in the student performance once the
limitation of Facebook interaction among SHS is implemented.
 Hypothesis
In the conduct of the study, the following hypothesis will be tested.
1. There is no positive effect of using Facebook on the academic performance of SHS students.
2. There is no significant effect on limiting Facebook interaction of the SHS of SCS.
3. There is an increase in their efficiency in their respective class when Facebook Interaction is
limited.
4. There is a significant difference in the student performance once the limitation of Facebook
interaction among SHS of SCS is implemented.

Conceptual framework
IV IV DV

1 Positive effects of 3 Efficiency Growth of 4

Using Facebook in Difference in
2
students in their
Academic Performance
respective classes.
Performance

Significance of the study

The study aims to know if using Facebook has a positive effects in any aspect of their
learning career. It also aims to know how many of the student populace is using their Facebook
app in the campus premise and during class hours.

Operational definition of terms

Smartphones – a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically
having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable of running
downloaded applications.
Facebook - American company offering online social networking services.
Interaction – communication or direct involvement with someone or something.
Tech-savvy - well informed about or proficient in the use of modern technology, especially
computers.
Questionnaire
During the data gathering procedure the proponents used questionnaire to be able to assess the
willingness of the students.
Interview Question
1. How many hours do you use your Facebook app?
2. Do you bring your Facebook app at school?
3. Is there a positive or negative effect of using Facebook while learning?
4. Do you agree on lessening Facebook interaction among students?

________________________
Signature

Gaining a result of 10 out of 10, Senior Highschool Students of Santiago Catholic School has a
high contact hours with their Facebook App and does not want to lessen their Facebook
Interaction because it helps them to relieve stress and also helps them with their school works.