BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

60146-1-3:1993
IEC 146-1-3:
1991

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Semiconductor
convertors —
General requirements
and line commutated
convertors —
Part 1-3: Transformers and reactors

The European Standard EN 60146-1-3:1993 has the status of a

British Standard

UDC 621.314.21:621.315.59:621.318
BS EN 60146-1-3:1993

Cooperating organizations

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The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC),
under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the
national committees of the following countries:

Austria Italy
Belgium Luxembourg
Denmark Netherlands
Finland Norway
France Portugal
Germany Spain
Greece Sweden
Iceland Switzerland
Ireland United Kingdom

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Power
Electrical Engineering
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the
authority of the
Standards Board and
comes into effect on Amendments issued since publication
15 May 1993

© BSI 02-1999 Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference PEL/50
Draft for comment 92/17370 DC

ISBN 0 580 22131 8

 BS EN 60146-1-3:1993

Contents

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Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 60146-1-3 3
National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover
National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover

© BSI 02-1999 i
BS EN 60146-1-3:1993

National foreword

SUPPLIED BY BSB EDGE PRIVATE LIMITED TO LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED - DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED, UNDER LICENSE FROM BSI, FOR INTERNAL USE BY THE LICENSEE.
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Power
Electrical Engineering Standards Policy Committee and is the English language
version of EN 60146-1-3:1993 Semiconductor convertors. General requirements
and line commutated convertors — Part 1-3: Transformers and reactors,
published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
(CENELEC). It is identical with IEC 146-1-3:1991, published by the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
This British Standard, together with BS EN 60146-1-1, supersedes
BS 4417:1969, which is withdrawn.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

ii © BSI 02-1999
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60146-1-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 1993
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

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UDC 621.314.21:621.315.59:621.318

Descriptors: Electronics, convertors, semiconductor convertors, tranformers, reactors, characteristics, specifications, test

English version

Semiconductor convertors
General requirements and line commutated convertors
Part 1-3: Transformers and reactors
(IEC 146-1-3:1991)

Convertisseurs à semiconducteurs Halbleiter-Stromrichter

Spécifications communes et convertisseurs Allgemeine Anforderungen und netzgeführte
commutés par le réseau Stromrichter
Partie 1-3: Transformateurs et bobines Teil 1-3: Transformatoren und Drosselspulen
d’inductance (IEC 146-1-3:1991)
(CEI 146-1-3:1991)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1992-12-09.

CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels

© 1993 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members

Ref. No. EN 60146-1-3:1993 E
EN 60146-1-3:1993

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Foreword Contents
The CENELEC questionnaire procedure, performed Page
for finding out whether or not the International Foreword 2
Standard IEC 146-1-3:1991 could be accepted
1 Scope 3
without textual changes, has shown that no
common modifications were necessary for the 2 Normative references 3
acceptance as European Standard. 3 Rated values for convertor transformers 3
The reference document was submitted to the 3.1 Rated current values 3
CENELEC members for formal vote and was 3.2 Temperature limits of cooling media 3
approved by CENELEC as EN 60146-1-3
on 9 December 1992. 4 Losses and voltage drops in
transformers and reactors 4
The following dates were fixed.
4.1 Losses in the transformer windings 4
— latest date of publication 4.2 Losses in interphase transformers,
of an identical national
current balancing reactors,
standard (dop) 1993-12-01
series-smoothing reactors, transductors
— latest date of withdrawal and other current regulating accessories 4
of conflicting national 4.3 Voltage drops in transformers and
standards (dow) 1993-12-01 reactors 4
For products which have complied with the relevant 5 Tests for convertor transformers 4
national standard before 1993-12-01, as shown by 5.1 Measurement of commutating reactance
the manufacturer or by a certification body, this and determination of inductive voltage
previous standard may continue to apply for drop (type test) 5
production until 1998-12-01. 5.2 Short-circuit test (type test and
Annexes designated “normative” are part of the routine test) 5
body of the standard. In this standard, Annex A and 5.3 Temperature rise test (type test) 5
Annex ZA are normative.
Annex A (normative) Corrections to be
applied when cooling medium temperature
is higher than standard 9
Annex ZA (normative) Other international
publications quoted in this standard with
the references of the relevant
European publications 9
Table 1 — Temperature rise limits 6
Table 2 — Connections and calculation factors 7
Table A.1 — Reduction of limits of temperature
rise for cooling medium temperature higher
than standard in kelvins 9

2 © BSI 02-1999

1 Scope
This Part 1-3 of the International Standard relates,
in general, to those characteristics wherein
convertor transformers differ from ordinary power
transformers. In all other respects, the rules
specified in IEC 76 shall apply to convertor
transformers also, as far as they are not in
contradiction with this standard.
It should be borne in mind that a rectifier
transformer operates with non-sinusoidal current
waveshape. In single-way connection, the current in
each cell winding contains a d.c. component which
calls for special attention in design and testing. In
some cases, a special design is necessary when
external short-circuits and cell failures would cause
abnormal stress.
For certain types of transformers, the waveshape of
the normal operating voltage is non-sinusoidal. The
core loss of such equipment is to be determined by
applying a sinusoidal voltage having the same
half-cycle arithmetic mean value and the same
fundamental frequency as the voltage applied in
service.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of
publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this International Standard
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the standards
listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 76:1967, Power transformers.
IEC 146-1-1:1991, Semiconductor convertors —
General requirements and line commutated
convertors — Part 1-1, IEC 146-1-1, Specifications of
basic requirements.
IEC 146-1-2:1991, Semiconductor convertors —
General requirements and line commutated
convertors — Part 1-2: Application guide.
© BSI 02-1999
EN 60146-1-3:1993
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3 Rated values for convertor
transformers
3.1 Rated current values
3.1.1 Single convertor or double convertor
supplied from one common cell winding
The convertor transformer shall be capable of
carrying current corresponding to rated direct
current of the convertor continuously, followed by
overload current (where specified) for the specified
duration (See IEC 146-1-1, 3.10.3.5), at maximum
cooling temperatures without exceeding its thermal
limit.
3.1.2 Double convertor where each thyristor
assembly has separate cell windings
The convertor transformer shall be capable of
carrying in each secondary group the appropriate
current corresponding to rated direct current of the
convertor continuously, followed by overload
current for the specified duration
(See IEC 146-1-1, 3.10.3.5), at maximum cooling
temperatures without exceeding its thermal limit.
Where common line windings are used for the two
secondary windings, these should be rated as
in 3.1.1.
3.2 Temperature limits of cooling media
Temperature rise limits are specified in 5.3.
3.2.1 Air cooled outdoor equipment
The convertor transformer shall be designed to
operate at an ambient air temperature which does
not exceed + 40 °C, does not average more
than + 20 °C over a year and does not average more
than + 30 °C for any 24 h period.
3.2.2 Air cooled indoor equipment
The convertor transformer shall be designed to
operate in an ambient air temperature of + 40 °C.
3.2.3 Water cooled equipment
The convertor transformer shall be designed to
operate with incoming cooling water temperature
which does not exceed + 25 °C.
3
EN 60146-1-3:1993
4 Losses and voltage drops in
transformers and reactors
4.1 Losses in the transformer windings
The losses in the windings which appear under
normal service conditions are composed of the losses
in the winding resistance as measured by d.c. and
the additional losses (depending on frequency)
caused by eddy currents as well as the stray flux in
the windings and in the construction parts. Due to
the harmonics, the actual losses in the windings
would require to be measured with the transformer
in normal operation with the assembly.
This method of measurement cannot be
recommended because it is too complicated and
inaccurate, unless total losses of transformer and
assembly are taken as one measurement. In such
cases and for units not exceeding a rated output
of 300 kW, the losses may be measured at normal
rated load operation.
In all other cases, the losses in the windings are to
be calculated from the results of short-circuit
measurement carried out with sinusoidal currents.
The method is based on the passage of sinusoidal
currents in the winding having the same r.m.s.
values as those which would exist in operation with
the assembly if the overlap was disregarded
(see Table 2).
Owing to the fact that the r.m.s. values of the
currents during normal operation with the
assembly are somewhat smaller than those in the
test, a positive error is encountered. This positive
error is assumed to be compensated for by the
negative error resulting from the fact that the
additional stray losses caused by the harmonics in
operation with the assembly are disregarded.
4.2 Losses in interphase transformers, current
balancing reactors, series-smoothing reactors,
transductors and other current regulating
accessories
4.2.1 Interphase transformers
The supplier shall measure the iron losses at a
frequency and voltage calculated to provide the
magnetic flux corresponding to operation of the
convertor at rated current, voltage and specified
phase control, corrected to the available frequency
nearest to the principal frequency of the interphase
transformer.
The losses in the winding are to be calculated as the
product of the d.c. resistance and the square of the
direct current in the winding.
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4.2.2 Current balancing reactors
The iron losses in current balancing reactors are by
convention to be ignored.
The losses in the winding are either a part of the
convertor loss measurement or calculated as the
product of the d.c. measured resistance and the
square of the r.m.s. current in the winding,
calculated on the basis of rectangular shaped
current waveform.
4.2.3 Series-smoothing reactors
The iron losses are, by convention, to be ignored.
The losses in the winding are either a part of the
convertor loss measurement or calculated as the
product of the d.c. resistance and the square of the
direct current in the winding.
4.2.4 Transductors and other current
regulating accessories
The iron losses shall be measured or calculated at
magnetic flux conditions corresponding to operation
of the convertor at rated current, rated line voltage
and specified direct voltage. Measurement is made
at a frequency corrected to the available frequency
nearest to the principal frequency nearest of the
transductor core flux.
The losses in the power winding are to be calculated
as the product of the d.c. measured resistance and
the square of the r.m.s. current in the winding,
calculated on the basis of idealized current
waveform (ignoring stray inductances). When the
power winding consists of heavy conductors, the
eddy current losses should be estimated by
calculation and added.
NOTE These losses are for use in efficiency calculations and not
for design.
4.3 Voltage drops in transformers and reactors
The voltage drops are calculated from the loss
measurements by the formulae given in 3.5 of
IEC 146-1-1.
5 Tests for convertor transformers
All tests specified for power transformers in IEC 76
shall apply to convertor transformers if not in
contradiction with the tests specified in this clause.
The tests specified below are to be regarded as
additional or special tests applicable to convertor
transformers.

5.1 Measurement of commutating reactance
and determination of inductive voltage drop
(type test)
5.1.1 Commutating reactance
To measure commutating reactance, the line-side
terminals of the transformer are short-circuited. An
alternating current of rated frequency is passed
through two consecutive phases of the same
commutating group of the cell winding and the
voltage between the terminals thus fed is measured.
The commutating reactance 2 × Xt is equal to the
inductive component of the impedance calculated
from this measurement. At least two tests should be
carried out with different pairs of phases in each
commutating group and the arithmetic mean value
of these measurements is taken.
The same line winding may feed a commutating
group assembly connected in parallel or in series
and which commutates simultaneously. In this case,
the cell windings corresponding to these groups
shall be connected phase by phase in parallel for the
above tests.
5.1.2 Inductive voltage regulation
The inductive voltage regulation can be calculated
from the value of Xt by means of the following
formula:
I dN
$ × q × s- × X × -------------
d xtN = ----------------------
2×;×g t U
di0
where
g number of sets of commutating groups
between which IdN is divided;
IdN rated direct current;
q commutation number;
s number of commutating groups in series;
Udi0 ideal no-load direct voltage;
$ number of commutating groups
commutating simultaneously per
primary.
It can also be obtained from the test described
in 5.1.1 by passing during the test a current with an
r.m.s. value of:
2 $
------- × --- × I dN
4 g
© BSI 02-1999
EN 60146-1-3:1993
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In this case, the inductive component of the input
voltage expressed in p.u. of the rated voltage
between terminals Uv0, represents the inductive
voltage regulation dxt1.
For connections given in Table 2, the
inductive voltage regulation can be calculated
from the results of secondary short-circuit tests
specified in column 17, with the exception of
connections Nos. 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 for which the
short-circuit test specified in 5.1.1 is
recommended (see IEC 146-1-2, 1.5.4).
If the secondary currents are too high, this method
cannot be applied; any other equivalent method
comprising a winding short-circuit on the cell may
then be used.
5.2 Short-circuit test (type test and routine
test)
The test is performed to obtain the total losses in the
transformer windings.
The tests to be made and appropriate short-circuit
connections for the most commonly used
connections are indicated in Table 2. The currents in
the windings shall be sinusoidal with the
same r.m.s. values in the line leads as would exist in
normal operation at rated direct current if the
overlap is disregarded and at rated frequency.
For each short-circuit test A, B and C respectively,
the power inputs shall be measured. The power
inputs are designated PA, PB and PC respectively
and the total losses are calculated according to the
formulae given in Table 2.
The measured losses in the windings are to be
corrected to a temperature of specified limit value
(Table 1) plus 20 °C.
5.3 Temperature rise test (type test)
A temperature rise measurement of the transformer
windings shall be made after continuous application
of rated load. The temperature rise shall not exceed
the values given in Table 1.
The values in Table 1 are based on ambient and
cooling medium temperatures specified in 3.2
and operation at an altitude not greater
than 1 000 metres. Corrections to be applied at
higher cooling medium temperatures are given
in Annex A.
5
EN 60146-1-3:1993

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Table 1 — Temperature rise limits
Convertor duty class Transformer cooling Transformer Limit of winding temperature rise in K
a medium temperature class (measured by resistance)
1 2
Air A 60 55
B 80 80
I and II H 125 150
Oil A 65 55
A+ — 65
Air A 55 55
B 70 80
III H 110 150
Oil A 65 55
A+ — 65
Air A 50 50
B 65 80
IV H 100 150
Oil A 60 55
A+ — 65
Air A 45 45
B 60 75
V H 90 140
Oil A 50 50
A+ — 60
Air A 40 40
B 55 70
VI H 85 130
Oil A 50 50
A+ — 60
NOTE 1 Temperature rise limits given in columns 1 and 2 reflect two different practices and climatic conditions in different areas
of the world. Technical Committees dealing with transformers will be asked to study the problem with a view to reconciling the
differences if this is technically feasible.
NOTE 2 The temperature rise figures are based on a maximum ambient temperature of + 40 °C, with an average annual
temperature not exceeding + 20 °C and an average daily ambient temperature of + 30 °C.
NOTE 3 Other transformer temperature classes may be used. In such cases and when temperature rise figures are not shown in
the table, these are to be agreed upon by user and supplier.
NOTE 4 Temperature class A+ designates thermally upgraded paper with a permissible hot spot temperature of + 120 °C.
a Refer to IEC 146-1-1, Table 2.

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EN 60146-1-3:1993
Table 2 — Connections and calculation factors
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EN 60146-1-3:1993
Table 2 — Connections and calculation factors © BSI 02-1999
8
 EN 60146-1-3:1993

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Annex A (normative)
Corrections to be applied when cooling medium temperature is higher than
standard
This appendix applies when the specified temperature of the cooling medium exceeds the standard values
given in 3.2 by not more than 15 K.
The temperature rise limits shall be reduced by the amounts given in the Table A.1.
Table A.1 — Reduction of limits of temperature rise for cooling medium temperature
higher than standard in kelvins
Duty classesa
Transformers and reactors I III V VI
II IV
Natural air-cooled and cooling by forced ventilation 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5

Deduction from limit given in 5.3 per K excess in peak

cooling air temperature (insulation classes A or B)
Fluid-air cooling 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Deduction from limit given in 5.3 per K excess in peak

annual average, or daily average cooling air
temperature, whichever excess is greater
(insulation class A)
Fluid-to-water cooling 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Deduction from limit given in 5.3 per K excess in peak

annual average, or daily average cooling air
temperature, whichever excess is greater
(insulation class A)
a See IEC 146-1-1, 3.10.3.

Annex ZA (normative)
Other international publications quoted in this standard with the references of
the relevant European publications
When the international publication has been modified by CENELEC common modifications, indicated by
(mod), the relevant EN/HD applies.

IEC Publication Date Title EN/HD Date

76 series Power transformers HD 398 series

146-1-1 1991 Semiconductor convertors General requirements EN 60146-1-1 1993
and line commutated convertors —
Part 1-1: Specifications of basic requirements
146-1-2 1991 Part 1-2: Application guide — —

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blank
10
 BS EN 60146-1-3:1993

National annex NA (informative)

Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the
Power Electrical Engineering Standards Policy Committee (PEL/-) to Technical Committee PEL/50 upon

SUPPLIED BY BSB EDGE PRIVATE LIMITED TO LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED - DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED, UNDER LICENSE FROM BSI, FOR INTERNAL USE BY THE LICENSEE.
which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers

Electricity Association
Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association
GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.)
Institution of Electrical Engineers
Institution of Incoporated Executive Engineers
Power Supply Manufacturers Association — PSMA (BEAMA Ltd.)
Railway Industry Association of Great Britain
Transmission and Distribution Association (BEAMA Ltd.)

National annex NB (informative)

Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
IEC 76 BS 171 Power transformers
IEC 146-1-1:1991 BS EN 60146-1-1 Semiconductor convertors. General requirements and line
commutated convertors
Part 1-1:1993 Specification of basic requirements

© BSI 02-1999
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