\es. Ay. Sid. Vol. VII; No. 1-2, pp.

23-32

A Ciiriical Study on Annabedi Chenduram

in Pandu Based on Siddha Concept
1
pW ' D. S, Jayakaran , £. Meenakshinathan2, and K. Gopakumar3

Received on July 12th, 1985

On the basis of methodology describ- of his skin when he was born. This
*rt the Siddha literature, a clinical clinical condition in which pallor of the
'y about the effect of Siddha drug, body occurs is also termed Pandu. There
abedi chendttram was made. From the is an alternate name Veluppu Noi, used
atient Department 90 patients were in some of the Siddha literature
Wed for this study. An in depth study (Shanmugavel, 1972).
made and ths results obtained are
here. The values are correlated with Pandu is described as a diseased
_ arameters like haemoglobin levelcondition in which the natural colour of
fom the study it has been observed the body, including the nail beds and
xAnnabedi Chenduram is effective for conjunctiva, becomes pale and mellow.
ititient of iron deficiency anaemia. The Siddha treatment contemplates five
\»' . !
types of Pandu roga. 1. Vat ha Pandu,
oduction 2. Pitha Pandu, 3. Kaba Pandu, 4. Muk-
The term' Pandu denotes the pallor kutra Pandu and 5. Mannun Pandu
e of body. As per the Siddha tiadi- (Vasu Deva Sasthiri & Venkatrajan, 1962).
i this word is derived from the The syndrome of Pandu (Scgai) is almost
racter of lPandu\ patriarch of >"Maha- correlated with the clinical conditions of
atham' because of his mellow colour "Anaemia" as described in Modern
Medicine, (Pillai, T V S., 1931).

Tn the modern medicine the clinical

r Research Officer (Siddha)
^Assistant Research Officer (Pathology)
[Research Assistant (Siddha)
feal Research Unit (Siddha), Govt, Siddha
liical College, Palayamkottai.
features of Anaemia are described as
follows. The Anaemic patients have
clinical features which are the direct
consequence of the diminished oxygen

23
 D.S. JAYAKARAN et at

carrying power of the blood on the tissue Pitha, Kaba) conditions, various 0
and organs of the body. Its occurrence Kattu Nilai i.e. Thatus, Kalam i.e., sea
" and severity depend on the degree of nal occurrence of diseaff and Tjiinai:
anaemia, especially on rapidity of its place where patients live. 1
development. Its symptoms are fatigue < . |
Observations
and lassitude, breathlessness on exertion,
dizziness, giddiness, diminished vision, The observations tabulated here §
headache, insomnia, pallor of the skin based on ninety cases which were sele
and mucus membrane, palpitation, tachy- from the ; In-patient Department i n |
cardia, cardiac dilatation, functional years of clinical study. ™
systolic murmur, anorexia and dyspepsia,
Table-I
tingling and 'pins and needles' sensation Showing the sex factor
in fingers and toes (paresthesia). In —
severe cases there may be oedema of No. Sex No. of Percent^
the ankle and basal crepitation (Davidson cases 4
et al, 1971). 1. Male 42 47%jj
2. Female 48 53°M
Aims and Objectives of the study • "t V • V*
Table-fl - u J
In clinical practice Pandu roga is
successfully being treated by the tradi- Showing the Age factor tVfl
tional Vaidyas and the Institutional No. Age No. of Perasnn
Hospital of Siddha Medicine through tne cases _
therapeutic application of Annabedi Chen-
1. Below 1 years —- 'V. '..v»f
duram. Therefore it was felt essential to
2. 1 to 12 years 8 9%
undertake a study to precisely gauge
3. 13 to 25 years 17
the therapeutic efficiency of Annabedi
Chenduram in clinical management of 4. 26 to 45 years 34.
Pandu using both the clinical Siddha and 5. Above 4$ years 3}
modern parameters. Table-Ill
it > -wsJ
Showing the Socio-econoi
Materials and Methods "Jf ' S i
m'i, No. Status No. of
The cases for study were selected on cases - fM
the basis of diagnostic method described
in Siddha literature. They were Erivdgai 1. Poor > Jjwj
2. v Middle I smm jj
thervugal, which is 'compared vith AsHta
Pariksha of Ayurveda, conditions " of class •• 18 <
• iwTJ !
Mukkutra Nilai, i.e. Thiridoshic (Vatha, 3: • »llp' ) (71

24
 ITCAL STUDY ON ANNABEDI CHENDURAM

— ~ Table-IV
Showing the (Kalam) seasonal iacidence

Season Month No. of cases Percentage

Tamil and English
Muthu Yenil Ani and Adi—June,
July and August 15 17%
Ua Venil Chithirai and Vaikashi—
April, May and June 13 14%
Kar Kalam Avani and Puratasi—
August, September and
October 17
Mun Pani Margazhi and Thai
Kalam December, January and
February 8%
Pin Pani Thai and Masi—
Kalam January, February and
March 29 32%
Koodir Kalam Ayppasi, Karthigai—
October November and
December 10%

fef" • •'
Table-V Table-VI
ing the factors of Place (Thinai)
where the disease occurred Showing the Mukkutra Nilai
m
Thinai No. of Percentage No. Udal No. of Percentage
cases
Eyalbu cases
Kurinchi 45 50%
li , Mullai 3 3% 1. Vatha Udal 14 16%
Marutham 16 18%
2. Pitha Udal 54 60%
Neithal 8 9%
Palai 18 20% 3. Kaba Udal 22 24%
D.S. AYAK ARAN et al

Table-VII 1 2
Showing onset of disease 4. Vatha Pitham
No. Onset No. of Percentage 5. Vatha Kabam
cases 6. Pitha Vatham
7. Pitha Kabam
1. Acute 14 16% 8. Kaba Vatham
2. Chronic 76 84% 9. Kaba Pitham

Table-VIII 2. Sparism :
Showing the Disturbance of Seven Udal 1. Warm
Kattu Nilai (Thatus) in the cases studied 2. Cold
3. Hot
No. Udal No. of Percentage 4. Swelling
Thatus cases
affected 3. Naa :

1. Rasam 1. Reddish
(Saram) 67 75% 2. Glossy
3. Furred
2. Raktham
4. Clear
(Senner) 90 100%
5. Coated
3. Mamisam
(Oon) 36 40% 4. Niram :
4. Kozuppu 76 85% 1. Normal
5. Enbu 72 80% 2. Pale —
6. Moolai 9 10% 3. Black
7. Sukkilam 45 50% 5. Mozhi: • • • 1

Table IX 1. Clear
Showing the observation of Envagai 2. Slurred
Thervugal
No. Envagai Thervugal No. of cases 6. Vizhi:
1 2 3 1. Clear
1. Naadis 2. Pale
1. Vatha — 3. Yellowish
2. Pitha 6 4. Reddish
3. Kaba 5 5. Dryness ^ -

2$
 STUDY ON Annabedi Chenduram

1 2. j 4
lam : 3. Haemorragic
pfttal (Free) motion 15 diseases :
jbnsiipated 63 a. Piles 15 17%
liese (Frequent) motion 12 b. Peptic Ulcer 5 6%
ojthiram : c. Dysentry 12 13%
brmal Micturition 8 d. Haematurea 2 2%
ity Micturition 60 e. Menstrual 25 28%
ing Micturition 20
r&sed Micturition 2 disorder
f. Bleeding Gums 6 7%
Table-X 4. *
Metabolic disorders • •

of Pandu in the cases studied i- Diabetes 2 2%

Thyroid disease —

No. of Percentage Nephritis _ —

Jfiology . —

cases 5. Intake of drugs or

Toxic Agents 5 6%
6. Infections :
form Infestation 36 40% Tuberculosis 6 7%
ifcftciency of Iron Syphilis 2 2%
Malaria 1
stake (Food Habit) 45 50%

Table-XI
Showing the prominent symptoms at the time of Admission & Improvement
after Treatment
Signs & Symptoms No. of cases No. of cases Percentage
before improved of
Treatment after treatment improvement
2 3 4 5
Pallor of conjuctiva 90 78 86%
Pallor of the Nail beds 70 59 73%
Pallor of the body 65 42 65%
bOfeiema 15 9 60%
ifiijected eye 8 3 38%
(Contd.)
27
B.s. JAYAKARAN et at

1 2 3 4

6. Shivering of the body 9 5

7. Loss of appetite 82 63

8. Pain in abdomen 20 16

9. Dullness of vision 9 3

10. Acidic or bitter taste on tongue 5 4

11. Dyspnoea on exertion 64 45

12. Giddiness 58 39

13. Ulceration of mouth 35 28

14. Diarrhoea 17 15

15. Vomitting 9 8

16. Soar throat 4 2

17. Syncope 3 1

18. Pairi in the hip 21 16

19. Lassitude 16 12
20. Tiredness 32 26

21. Emacitation 12 9
22. Palpitation 48 30

23. Frequency of micturition 13 8

24. Anasarca 4 2
25. Excessive thirst 21 14
26. Worms in the faeces 24 21
27, Ihdigesion 32 24
28. Constipation 58 43
29. Loss of sleep 11 , 7

28
 3AL STUDY ON Annabedi Chenduram

Table-XII (Kuppusamy Muthaliar, K.N. and

Uthamarayan, C.S., 1984).
jwing percentage of haemoglobin
level during admission In Annabedi Iron exists in both
•ercentage No. of Percentage Ferrous and Ferric forms. The percentage
S m cases of Iron of ferrous form in Annabedi is
If* *»>!"*•' 25%. No copper and cobalt content was
jj$Jto50% r 64 71%
detected ( i n this medicine. By animal
[5J to 60% , 23 26% experimentation also it has been proved
I t to 70% 3 3% that it improves Hb% in anaemic rats.
71 to 80% — • —
(Rajeswari, S., 1975).
—
80% and above —
Discussion
Table-XUI From our study
average percentage of haemoglo- it is observed that
bin level increased after treatment 'Pandu' Is more associated with pitha
pragiruthi bodies of human being. In
p days Percentage of * Pitha Udal' the production of bile
increase becomes aggravated and consequently the
haemopoiesis is degenerated. This leads
gOft'10 days - - t r , . ^ " , 7%
to haemolysis. So there is more need of
W^Odays M 15%
iron for the body. Hence the therapeutic
8 1 3 0 days - r r IM^ 25% ;
use of ferrous iron which is in Annabedi
WpO da^s rv1 '•'Jv 30% Ckeridtirdm is beneficial to disease Pitha
Pandu.
IALYSIS
* - f *' Conceptionally, it is believed that in
of Preparation
Ki \ i '{•• Pandu patients the most aggravated
pvAnnabedi (Green Vitreol) is cosmic elements are Vayu and Theyu.
ed in lime juice triturated in a Vayu represents the Vatha and Theyu
im and made in to small discs. The represent the 'Pitha\ Vayu controls the
Tare placed in the lower part of the taste of (Karpu) pungency and Theyu
pike' mud pot and covered with the controls the taste of (Uppu) saltishness.
one and sealed the junction with Both these tastes are considered to be of
[clay, dried and submitted putam with Ushna veerya potency (Hot potency). Spe-
Jflang cakes. The resultant product cially the absence of saltishness deprives
aken and ground in powder form. the food of its natural flavour and taste.
D.S. JAYAKARAN et al
Therefore, it leads to total state of
tastelessness anorexia. It is observed that
most of the Pandu patients had the
prominent symptoms of anorexia and
few were with saltish taste of tongue.
The treatment with Annabedi chenduram
which contain^ the ferrous iron noted
for its 'astringency' and having cooling
potency (Seetha veerium), balances the
Pitha state and restores the patients to
the normalcy.
According to the Siddha literature Kar
kalam and Pin pani kalam are the periods
when the 'Pitha' gets vitiated. Pandu
is one of the 4Pitha* disease which is
a1 so common in that season. In our study
the occurrence of the disease is also
common in Kar kalam (19%) and Pin
pani kalam (32%). In hot season Muthu
venil kalam when the sun is hot, also
this disease is common (17%).
The weather, water, climatic changes,
the vegetation, diet factors, occupation
etc., all have greater influence over the
physical, mental and social welfare of the
inhabitants of the region. In our study
the disease is prevalant in the habitants
having climatic and adaptic factors
correctable to the 'Kurinchi Nilam' (i.e.
Hill area) where the infectious diseases
and worm infestation are common.
Next comes lPa1aV when sun is very
hpt. In Siddha literature it is stated that
Pandu Noi occurs in those who wander
in hot sun. (Uthamarayan, C.S.,1983).
"A,
In the modern medicine also it
stated that syndrome of Anaemia
prevalent in tropical areas where the i
is very hot.
Neerkuri and Neikuri exac
was done according to Siddha., |
All the factors observed by the
of the examinations confirm the pf
of 'Pitha* disease. (Narayanaswatnif
1975).
Conclusion 1
The above detailed study reveals tl
Pandu roga is a product of deranj
* Pitha' Dhodam and also due to deran|
ment of Vatha-Pitha interaction. 1
course of study gives us the clini
material collected in the hospital.„ / £ [ff
the unit is functioning. Parameters
on the symptomatic relief experien<
the patient and qualitative improve
observed in the patient by way of ro
blood investigation and the improve;
with regards to haemoglobin level
blood were undertaken. It •isr infer
I * Mj
the above study that the use of *
Chenduram in case of Anaemia jJ
Pandu is quiet encouraging from|0
point of progress. The specific Ipri
tion used in this study is reported^
contain 25% ferrous iron which givet
good response of average 30% raise *
Hb% during treatment. There is a]
definite qualitative improvement in J
symptomatic amelioration of «i|
anaemic condition.
 ICAL STUDY ON Annabedi Chenduram

REFERENCES
T-

Ija, William 1973 Text Book of Pathology P. 116.

|vidson Sir. Stanley and 1971 Principle and Practice of

icleod, John Medicine P. 835-850.
feF
fc
'rayanaswami V. 1975 Introduction to Siddha System
of Medicine P. No. 35 to 41.
Mai, T.V.S, 1931 Tamil English Dictionary of
Science and Allied subjects,
Volume-5, P. 2495.

tjeswari, S. 1975 A study on Veluppu Noi

Dessertation, P. No. 152,
153-159.

sthri Vasu Deva and Venkatrajan 1962 Sarabendra Vaidya Muraigal,

P. 3.

Shanmugavel 1972 Noigalukku Siddha Parikaram

i: P.-273.
w
I.
Uthamarayan, C,S. 1983 Siddha Maruthuvanga Suruk-
kam, P. No. 169, 182, 188 &
198.

Uthamarayan C.S. and Kuppusamy 1984 Siddha Vaidya Thirattu P. 159,

Mudaljar, K,N,
D.S. JAY A K ARAN et dl -is
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