Levels of Organization

Cells work together to form tissues

Tissues work together to form organs
Organs work together to form organ systems

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 Systems of the Human Body
There are 10 organ systems in the Human Body:
– Circulatory
– Respiratory
– Skeletal
– Muscular
– Digestive
– Excretory
– Reproductive
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– Nervous Thes s are w that
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– Endocrine s y er s rk
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- Integumentary * one ut the o
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 Circulatory Systems
– contains the heart and all the
blood vessels
– Responsible for movement
of blood, nutrients, and gases
teachpe.com
– Heart pumps blood to lungs
to receive oxygen and then
to the rest of the body

3
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 Respiratory Systems
– Responsible for bringing in
oxygen and ridding our
bodies of carbon dioxide
– Lungs, diaphragm, and
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– Oxygenates our entire body

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 Skeletal System
• Includes bones, cartilage, and teeth
• About 206 bones in the Human Body
• 4 major functions:
– Protection – protects vital organs
– Storage – stores minerals and fat
– Movement – muscles pull bones to
move
– Blood Cell Formation – make blood
cells
• Joint – where 2 or more bones come
together; some move (hip, shoulder,
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knee) and some don’t (skull)
 3 types of joints

Ball and socket joint

like a joystick in a
computer game
(Example: shoulder)

Sliding joint
bones glide over each
other
Sliding Joint (Example: hand)

Hinge joint
like a door hinge, flex
and extend
(Example: knee)

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 Muscular System
The muscular system works with the skeletal
system to provide movement.

• Voluntary – muscles move under your

control
– Example: skeletal muscles, bicep,
quadriceps
• Involuntary – muscles that move without
you controlling them
– Example: smooth and cardiac, and
sometimes skeletal (eyes blinking)

• Tendons – connect muscles to bones

• Ligaments – connect bone to bone
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 Muscle Types

Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

Location in the body: Location in the body: Location in the body:

only in digestive tract only in the heart muscle attached
& blood vessel walls to the bones

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 Excretory System
http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/body/digest_noSW.html
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• It releases of wastes and regulates bodily fluids.
• The excretory system is a passive biological
system that removes excess, unnecessary
materials from the body fluids of an organism, so
as to help maintain internal
chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the
body.
• The dual function of excretory systems is the
elimination of the waste products of metabolism
and to drain the body of used up and broken
down components in a liquid and gaseous state.
In humans and
other amniotes (mammals, birds and reptiles)
most of these substances leave the body
as urine and to some degree exhalation, mammals
also expel them through sweating.
 Reproductive System
• is a system of sex organs within
an organism which work together
for the purpose of sexual
reproduction. Many non-living
substances such as
fluids, hormones,
and pheromones are also important
accessories to the reproductive
system
– Male: produces and delivers
sperm
– Female: produces eggs and
shelters unborn baby

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 Nervous System
• The nervous system is the part of
an animal's body that coordinates its
voluntary and involuntary actions and
transmits signals to and from different parts
of its body.
• It receives and sends electrical messages
throughout the body

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 Endocrine System

• The endocrine system refers to the

collection of glands of an organism
that secrete hormones directly into the
circulatory system to be carried towards
distant target organs.
• Some of the major endocrine
glands include the:
pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid,
hypothala-mus, and adrenal glands.

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 Digestive System

• It breaks down the food you eat into nutrients for your
body
• The organs known as the accessory digestive
glands are the liver, gall bladder and pancreas. Other
components include the mouth, teeth and epiglottis.

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 Integumentary System
• Includes your hair, nails, and skin
•Largest organ system in your body
•Your body’s first line of defense
• Skin
– keeps water in your body and foreign particles out
– nerves are in your skin to help you feel
– Regulates your body temperature with the help of
sweat glands
– Melanin – absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun
– Epidermis – top layer of skin, most cells are dead,
about as thin as 2 sheets of notebook paper
– Dermis – under epidermis, allows skin to bend
without tearing
• Hair and Nails
- Hair gets its color from the melanin
- Hair roots and nail beds have new cells, but
your hair hanging off your head and your nails
are all dead cells, YUCK! 
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