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To find:-
 Vector
 Pythagoras
 Result of luring merge
 Equatorial
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i. To find horizontal component, FH (KN),and vertical component

Fv (KN),and moment of FH and FV about A (KN):

Force (10 KN)

Horizontal component FH (KN)
−10 𝑐𝑜𝑠 400 = −7.66
Vertical component, F (KN)
10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 400 = 6.42
Moment of FH about A(KN) [fxd]
- 7.66 × 1 = −7.66
Moment of FV about A(KNM)
−6.42 × 0.5 = −3.21
Force (6KN)
Horizontal component FH (KN)
+6 𝑐𝑜𝑠 50 = 3.85
Vertical component FV (KN)
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+6 𝑠𝑖𝑛 50 = 4.59
Moment of FH about A(KN)
3.85 × 0 = 0
Moment of FV about A(KNM)
−4.59 × 1.5 = −6.88
Force (5KN):-
Horizontal component FH(KN)
= +5
Vertical component, FV(KN)
=0
Moment of FH about A(KNM)
= −5 × 0.5 = −2.5
Moment of Fv about A(KNM)
=0
Force (7 KN):-
Horizontal component Fh (KN)
=0
Vertical component Fv (KN)
= +7
Moment of FH about a A(KNM)
=0
Moment of FV about A(KNM)
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7×0=0
(ii)To find vector sum of vertical and horizontal components and
moments :-
∑FH =-7.66+3.85+5+0
∑FH = +1.19
∑FV = 6.42+4.59+0+7
∑FV = +18.01
∑MA=-766-3.21-6.88-2.5
∑MA = -20.25
(iii)Finding the resultant :-

By Pythagoras theorem
𝑅 = √(∑𝐹𝐻 )2 + (∑𝐹𝑣)2
= √(1.19)2 + (∑18.01)2
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= √1.41 + 324.36
= √325.77
𝑹 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟒𝑲𝑵
Finding the angle 𝛩 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛩
∑𝐹𝑣 18.01
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛩 = ∑𝐹ℎ = 1.19

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛩 = 15.13
𝛩 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (15.13)
𝜣 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟐𝟏𝟎
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛩 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
18.01
= 1.19
(iv)Finding the perpendicular distance a, of the line of action of
resultant / equilibrant from point A:
Moment = 𝐹𝑥 ⊥ 𝑑
20.25 = 18.04 × 𝑑
20.25
𝑑= 18.04
𝑑 = 1.12𝑚

Task-3
A bar 500mm long and 22mm in diameter is elongated by 1.2mm
and the axial pull is of 105KN, calculate stress, strain, modulus of
elasticity of bar.
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Soln:
L=500mm;D=22mm;𝜎 l=1.2mm;P=105 × 103 𝑁
Find:- σ=?, e=?, E=?
𝑃 150×103
𝜎=𝐴= 𝜋
(22)2
4
𝜋
= (105 × 103 )/( 4 (22)2 )
𝝈 = 𝟐𝟕𝟔. 𝟐𝟏 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐
√𝑙 1.2
𝑒= = 500
𝐿

𝒆 = 𝟐. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝜎 276.21
𝐸= = (2.4×10−3 )
𝑒
𝑬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟖𝝉. 𝟓 𝑵/𝒎𝒎^𝟐
A circular rod of diameter 20mm and 500mm long is subjected to
a tensile force 50KN. The modulus of elasticity for steel may be
taken as 200KN/mm2. Find stress (J), strain (∑), e due to applied
force.
Given data:-
D=20mm p=50KN=50×103N
L=500mm
F=200KN/mm2=200×103N/mm2
Soln:-
𝜋
𝐴= 𝑑2
4
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𝜋
= (20)2
4

𝑨 = 𝟑𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑃
I. 𝜏 = 𝐴
50×103
= 314.16
τ=159.16 N/mm2

𝑝.𝑙 𝑙
II. √𝑙 = 𝐴.𝐸 = 𝜏. 𝐸
500
= 159.16. 200×103
√𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟐

√𝑙
III. 𝐸 = 𝑙
0.3979
=
500
𝑬 = 𝟕𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒
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Find the beam reactions for simply supported beam with UDL as
shown in the figure.
Solve:-
∑Fy = 0 (↑+ve, ↓-ve)
RA + RB -15-20-10× 2 = 0
RA + RB-55=0
RA + RB -55 = (i)
∑ MA=0
-RB x 4+10x2x3=20x2=15x0=0
10x2x3=20x2=15x1=RBx4
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115=RBx4
115
RB = 4
RB = 28.75 KN = (ii)
Sub @eq (ii) in (i)
RA + 28.75 =55
RA = 55-28.75,
RA = 26.25 KN
Check the upward force are equal to downward force.
Sum of upward forces= 28.75 + 26.25
= 𝟓𝟓 𝑲𝑵
Sum of downward force = 15 + 20 + 20
= 𝟓𝟓𝑲𝑵
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In the diagram the diameter in the of the bolt shown for the angle
is 12mm. it is made from a material with the tensile strength of
500mpa and a hear strength of 300mpa.
a) Determine the operational factor of safety in tension.
b) Determine the operational factor of safety in shear.
Tensile force:
𝑠𝑖𝑛 700 = F1 ÷ 8𝐾𝑁
F1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 700 × 8𝐾𝑁
F1 = 𝟕. 𝟓𝑲𝑵
Shear force∶
𝑐𝑜𝑠 700 = F2 ÷ 8𝐾𝑁
F2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 700 × 8 𝐾𝑁
F2 = 2.7KN

Operational factor of safety :

𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡ℎ
= 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
Cross section area of the bolt= 𝜋𝑟 2
= 𝜋 × (0.006)2
= 1.13 × 10−4 𝑚2
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Tensile stress = F1 ÷area

7.5×102
= 1.13×10−4
Tensile stress = 𝟔. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏 Pa
Shear stress = F2 ÷ area
2.7×103
= 1.13×10−4
= 2.4 × 10−7 Pa

𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
FOS = 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔
500×106
6.6×107
FOS (TENSILE STRENGTH) =7.6
𝟑𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟔
FOS (SHEAR STRENGTH)= 𝟐.𝟒×𝟏𝟎𝟕
FOS(SHEAR STRENGTH) = 12.5