Phân Lo I Gió TC M - Nhà Kín-M - N A Kín PDF

The Most Common Errors in Wind Design &
How to Avoid Them
September 19, 2014
Emily Guglielmo, S.E.

Martin/Martin, Inc.
Enclosure Classification (26.2):
• Enclosed Building: A building that does not comply with the

requirements for open or partially enclosed buildings.
• Open Building: A building having each wall at least 80 percent open.
• Partially Enclosed Building: A building that complies with both of the
following conditions:
1. The total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds
the sum of the areas of openings in the balance of the building envelope (walls and
roof) by more than 10 percent.
2. The total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds
4ft2 or 1% of area of that wall, whichever is smaller, and the percentage of openings
in the balance of the building envelope does not exceed 20%.
Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, Open?
Open Building: A building having each wall at least 80 percent open.
Partially Enclosed Building: A building that complies with both of the conditions:
1. The total openings in a wall exceeds the sum of the areas of openings in the balance of the building
envelope by >10%.
2. The total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds 4ft2 or 1% of
area of that wall, and the percentage of openings in the balance of the building envelope ≤ 20%.
Enclosed Building: A building that does not comply with the requirements
for open or partially enclosed buildings.
Topographic Effect
Topographic Effect
• Local abrupt topography affects wind near the ground.
– “Speed-up effect” due to fluid mechanics (incompressible flow/ incompatibility)
• Wind speed depends on shape
of hill, location of building, and
height above ground.
• Must meet all the criteria of ASCE
6.5.7.1. Many times the
topography does not qualify.
Torsion
ASCE 7-10
SPOT THE DIFFERENCES
13
14
ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10
17
ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10
20
ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10
21
ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10
22
Reorganization
The wind load provisions of ASCE 7-05 (Chapter 6) have
been reorganized into 6 Chapters in ASCE 7-10.
ASCE 7-05: ASCE 7-10:
Reorganization
• CHAPTER 26:
Wind Loads: General Requirements
• CHAPTER 27:
Wind Loads On Buildings—MWFRS (Directional Procedure)
• CHAPTER 28:
Wind Loads On Buildings—MWFRS (Envelope Procedure)
• CHAPTER 29:
Wind Loads On Other Structures And Building
Appurtenances— MWFRS
• CHAPTER 30:
Wind Loads – Components And Cladding (C&C)
• CHAPTER 31:
Wind Tunnel Procedure
ADVANTAGES:
• Keeps section numbering

smaller….
 6.4.2.1.1 now 28.6.4
• Locates major subject areas as

distinct chapters.
• Orders the provisions in a

logical sequence.
25
Reorganization
 Each chapter contains tables that outline the design steps.
Hurricane Zone Changes
•New Hurricane Simulation Model
– Generally lower design wind speeds.
•Reintroduction of Exposure D in hurricane regions.
– Research shows that the roughness of ocean does not
continue to increase with increasing wind speed and
Exposure D is valid.
•New windborne debris region results
in less areas subject to windborne
debris requirements. 27
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
Section 26.5: Basic Wind Speeds
New wind speed maps with 2 major changes:

1. Maps provide wind speeds at strength design
level.
2. Maps are provided for different Risk
Categories instead of a single map with
importance factors to be applied.
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
Be careful during transition to ASCE 7-10 with respect to wind loads (strength)
and use of new/ old load combinations!
ASCE 7-05:
(1) BASIC
WIND SPEED
MAP
30
ASCE 7-10:
(3) BASIC WIND SPEED MAPS
Occupancy/Risk Occupancy/ Risk Occupancy/ Risk

Category I Category II Category III, IV
300-year return period 700-year return period 1700-year return period

31
ASCE 7-05 I=0.87 or 0.77 ASCE 7-05 I=1.0 ASCE 7-05 I=1.15
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
COMPARATIVE WIND PRESSURES FOR

SAN FRANCISCO
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
COMPARATIVE WIND PRESSURES FOR

CHICAGO
105 115 120
33
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
Question:
Resolution of the wind speed maps that are displayed in ASCE 7 are not sufficient to
determine a site specific wind speed. There are no reference city or town locations on
the ASCE 7 maps and while county boundaries are shown, the resolution is affected
when the maps are expanded large enough to distinguish the boundaries and
approximate the city locations.
Answer: ATC Webpage

http://www.atcouncil.org/windspeed/
34
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
Question:
If I have a product manufacturer’s evaluation report based on the unfactored wind
speeds from ASCE 7-05 (or earlier), how can I correlate to ASCE 7-10 values?
Answer:
Similar to the wind speed map changes from fastest-mile to 3-second gust, the
transition to strength level design maps will take some time and adjustment. To ease
transition, a table is provided in the Commentary to ASCE 7-10.
Chapter 26: General
Requirements
Question:
Part of the map are listed as a “Special Wind Region” on the Basic Wind Speed Maps.
How do I determine my wind pressures?
Answer:
Similar to current practice, the building department will have
to develop a basic wind speed for their jurisdiction. However,
they will now need to develop 3 winds speeds, dependent on
risk category and take into account the change to strength
level design forces for wind.
38
ASCE
Summary of 7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads
Method Method Method

1: 2: 3: Wind
Simplified Analytical Tunnel
Procedure Procedure Procedure
Section 6.4 Section 6.5 Section 6.6
Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C Open
Partially Walls/ Structures
6.4.2.1 6.4.2.2 Enclosed Signs
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings Flexible Parapets Low-Rise H> 60 feet Design Parapets
Buildings
of All Buildings Buildings 60 ft<h<90
(h<60
Heights h<60 feet ft
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3
Summary of ASCE
7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3 40
Summary of ASCE
7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3 41
ASCE
Summary of 7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3
Summary of ASCE
7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3 43
Summary of ASCE
7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
6.5.12.2.1
Directional6.5.12.2.3
feet)
Approach 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3 44
Summary of ASCE
7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
6.5.12.2.1
feet)
Envelope6.5.12.2.4
6.5.12.2.3
Approach6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3 45
ASCE
Summary of 7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3 46
ASCE
Summary of 7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3
ASCE
Summary of 7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3
ASCE
Summary of 7-05
Methods: Wind
Loads

1: 2: 3: Wind

MWFRS C&C Open
6.5.13
6.5.12 6.5.14 6.5.15
MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C
6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

2 4 2 3
Low-Rise Alternate
Buildings
(h<60
feet)
6.5.12.2.1 6.5.12.2.3 6.5.12.2.4 6.5.12.4.1 6.5.12.4.2 6.5.12.4.4
6.5.12.2.2 6.5.12.4.3
Summary of
Methods: ASCE
7-10
Wind
Loads
Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter

27: 28: 29: 30: 31:
MWFRS MWFRS MWFRS C&C Wind
Tunnel
Directional Envelope Other Procedure
Structure/
Procedure Procedure Building
Appurtenances
Part 1: Part 2: Part 1: Part 2: Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 5: Part 6:

Part 4:
Enclosed, Enclosed
Partially Simple Enclosed Enclosed Building
Enclosed, Diaphragm and Partially Simple Appurtenanc
Buildings
Open Buildings Enclosed Diaphragm Low-Rise es, Rooftop
with h≤160 ft
Buildings All With h ≤160 Low-Rise Low- Rise Low-Rise Buildings Buildings Open Structures,
(Simplified)
Heights ft Buildings Buildings Buildings (Simplified) with h>60 ft Buildings Equipment
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
•NO SUBSTANTIATIVE CHANGES
•NEW METHODS INTRODUCED
•LARGER CHANGES/ ADDITIONS
57
CHANGES TO MINIMUM
DESIGN WIND LOADS
Sections 27.4.7, 28.4.4, 28.6.4
ASCE 7-05
ASCE 7-10
58
CHANGES TO MINIMUM
DESIGN WIND LOADS
Sample Problem:
Exposure B
L=B=60 feet
hwall=8 feet
hwall=8 feet
Roof angle=10 degrees
59
CHANGES TO MINIMUM
DESIGN WIND LOADS
Solved with Directional Procedure: All building required to have the same
•For V<158 mph (ultimate) the resistance as highest hurricane zone!
minimum design wind load
controls.
A building with V=115mph would
be required to have the same
lateral resistance as a building with
V=158mph.
Solved with Envelope Procedure:

•For V<174 mph (ultimate) the
minimum design wind load
controls.
 A building with V=115mph
would be required to have the
same lateral resistance as a
building with V=174mph.
60
CHANGES TO MINIMUM
DESIGN WIND LOADS
More Reasonable:
Reduce the minimum lateral load on
the vertical projection of the roof to
half the minimum required on the
wall.
61
Chapter 27, MWFRS Directional
Procedure, Part 2
UBC 1976 Wind Load Calculations
63
Procedure, Part 2
CHAPTER 27:
DIRECTIONAL
PROCEDURE
PART 1: PART 2:
Enclosed, partially Enclosed, simple diaphragm
enclosed, open buildings of buildings,
all heights h ≤ 160 ft
(ASCE 7-05 Method 2)
•48 different variables!

•24 equations!
CLASS 1: CLASS 2:
h ≤ 60 ft 60 ft ≤ h ≤ 160 ft
0.2 ≤ L/B ≤ 5.0 0.5 ≤ L/B ≤ 2.0
Procedure, Part 2
CHAPTER 27:
DIRECTIONAL
PROCEDURE
PART 1: PART 2:
Enclosed, partially Enclosed, simple diaphragm
enclosed, open buildings of buildings,
all heights h ≤ 160 ft
(ASCE 7-05 Method 2)
CLASS 1: CLASS 2:
h ≤ 60 ft 60 ft ≤ h ≤ 160 ft
0.2 ≤ L/B ≤ 5.0 0.5 ≤ L/B ≤ 2.0
Procedure, Part 2
Requirements CLASS 1:
for Use:
• Enclosed
• Simple
diaphragm
buildings
• h ≤ 160 ft
CLASS 2:
66
Simple Diaphragm Building
A building in which both

windward and leeward
wind loads are
transmitted by roof and
vertically spanning wall Diaphragms receive edge loading from
the windward wall and distribute the
loads to the shear walls.
assemblies through
continuous floor and roof Shear walls receive the loads from the
diaphragms and transfer the loads to
the foundation.
diaphragms, to the
Wind pressure applied to
windward wall.
MWFRS.
67
Wind
Simple Diaphragm Building
Question: What are good or bad examples of “simple diaphragm

buildings”?
Answer:
Bad:
•Metal buildings (horizontally spanning girts).
•Building with expansion joints in the MWFRS.
Good:
•Light frame construction with plywood shear walls.
•CMU wall buildings.
•Concrete frames.
•Steel frames with vertically spanning walls and diaphragm floors and roofs.
Procedure, Part 2
Top row: ph, Bottom row: po
70
Procedure, Part 2
48.8 psf
36.4 psf
Question: If this method applies for 0.2 ≤ L/B ≤ 5, why does the table only
include L/B from 0.5 to 2.0?
Answer: Note 27.6.1…
- For Class 1 building

with L/B values less
than 0.5, use wind
pressures tabulated for
L/B = 0.5.
- For Class 1 building

with L/B values greater
than 2.0, use wind
pressures tabulated for
L/B = 2.0.
72
Procedure, Part 2
Where two load cases are shown
in the table, both load cases must
be investigated.
74
75
Procedure, Part 2
Question: What if I’m not in Exposure C?

Answer: Adjustment factor per 27.6-2.
Procedure, Part 2
Question: Is it possible to determine windward and leeward pressures rather than a total net pressure?
Answer: Footnote 4, Table 27.6-1…

“Distribution of tabulated net wall pressures between windward and leeward wall faces shall be based on the
linear distribution of total net pressure with building height as shown above and the leeward external wall
pressures assumed uniformly distributed over the leeward wall surface acting outward at 38% of ph for 0.2 ≤
L/B ≤ 1.0 and 27% of ph for 2.0 ≤ L/B ≤ 5.0. Linear interpolation shall be used for 1.0 < L/B < 2.0. The
remaining net pressure shall be applied to the windward walls as an external wall pressure acting towards the
wall surface. Windward and leeward wall pressures so determined do not include effect of internal pressure.”
77
Procedure, Part 2
Question: How do I account for increased MWFRS pressures on my parapets?

Answer: Figure 27.6-2… Surprisingly simple!
At L/B=1
78
Procedure, Part 2
Question: What does this parapet pressure include? Windward and leeway parapets? Windward and
leeward surfaces?
Answer: Parapet net pressure accounts for pressures on windward and leeward surfaces of windward and
leeward walls.
=
Procedure, Part 2
Question: How do I account for net pressure distribution on sidewalls?
Answer: Footnote 2, Table 27.6-1…

“Side wall external pressures shall be uniform over the wall surface acting outward and shall be taken as 54%
of the tabulated ph pressure for 0.2 ≤ L/B ≤ 1.0 and 64% of the tabulated ph pressure for 2.0 ≤ L/B ≤ 5.0.
Linear interpolation shall apply for 1.0 < L/B < 2.0. Side wall external pressures do not include effect of
internal pressure.”
80
Procedure, Part 2
Combine net wall and roof pressures.
Pressures on the windward, leeward, and sidewalls and on roof and parapet
are applied simultaneously.
Procedure, Part 2
Question: Does this simplified method allow me to account for overhangs for MWFRS pressures?
Answer: Yes. Section 27.6.3…

“The effect of vertical wind loads on any roof overhangs shall be based on the application of a positive wind
pressure on the underside of the windward overhang equal to 75% of the roof edge pressure from Table 27.6-
2 for Zone 1 or Zone 3 as applicable. This pressure shall be applied to the windward roof overhang only and
shall be applied simultaneously with other tabulated wall and roof pressures as shown in Fig. 27.6-3.”
Procedure, Part 2
Question: If I use Chapter 27 Part 2 to calculate my wind pressures, do I need to consider torsion?
Answer: Yes. The MWFRSs in each direction need to be designed for the wind load cases defined in Figure
27.4-8.
The only exception: Torsional cases 2 and 4 do not need to be considered for buildings that meet with spatial distribution and stiffness of the MWFRSs
provided in new Appendix D.
Chapter 28: MWFRS
Envelope Procedure
No major changes
Chapter 29: MWFRS
Other Structures
A couple of larger changes, additions….

Chapter 29: MWFRS Other
Structures and Appurtenances
• Signs
• Rooftop structures
• Other structures
86
29.4 Solid Freestanding
Walls and Signs
Solid signs attached to walls will Pressure distribution for signs

attached to walls with framework with
experience wind pressures a large gap between the wall and the
approximately equal to external sign will approach that of a solid
pressures on the wall. freestanding sign.
•The wind pressure on a solid sign attached to the wall of a building: Use
Chapter 30 (C&C), with the internal pressure coefficient, GCpi =0.
•Also applicable to solid signs attached to, but not in direct contact, provided:
•The gap between the sign and wall is no more than 3 ft, and
•The edge of the sign is at least 3 ft in from free edges of the wall.
29.5.1 Rooftop Structures
and Equipment
• Wind force for rooftop structures and equipment has

been revised to include a vertical component.
• Chapter 30 (C&C) is based on this MWFRS section for

rooftop structures, equipment.
No major changes to Parts 1, 2, 3, 5, 6….
ASCE 7-05
Method 2
ASCE 7-05
Method 2
Chapter 30: C&C
ASCE 7-05
Method 2
>60 ft and Alt.
ASCE 7-05
Method 1
ASCE 7-05
Method 2
Low-Rise
Chapter 30: C&C- Part 4
92
Chapter 30:
C&C- Part 4
Similar to MWFRS, we adjust the tabulated wind pressure for Exposure B

or D, as needed.
This term is called EAF (Exposure Adjustment Factor).
Question:
What tributary area is the tabulated value based on? Is there a way to adjust the
pressure for my actual tributary area?
Answer:
Pressures in Table 30.7-2
are based on an effective wind area of
10 ft2. Reductions in wind pressure for
larger effective wind areas may be
taken based on the reduction
multipliers (RF) shown in the table.
This term is called RF (Reduction

Factor).
95
Question: How do I determine C&C wind pressures on my parapets?
Answer: Section 30.7.1.2. Two cases to consider:
p1= Positive wall pressure for Zone 4 or 5 p3= Positive wall pressure for Zone 4 or 5
p2= Negative roof pressure for Zone 2 or 3 p4= Negative wall pressure for Zone 4 or 5
CASE A CASE B
Chapter 30: C&C
Part 6 Roof Overhangs
Chapter 30: C&C
Part 6 Roof Overhangs
SOFFIT DESIGN:
•The hurricanes of 2004 provided fresh evidence of the importance of properly
designing soffits.
•Many buildings suffered minimal damage other than loss of the soffit material.
•However, due to wind and rain, there is often significant damage to the inside of the
building when soffits fail.
Chapter 30: C&C Part 6
Roof Overhangs
Question: What wind pressure should I use for design of a soffit under an eave?
In ASCE 7-05 the C&C GCp provided the total uplift on the overhang. It wasn’t
clear how to separate the top from the bottom surface pressure to properly
design a soffit.
 Research and analysis shows that the pressure on the underside of the roof
overhang is the same as the pressure on the adjacent wall.
Top Surface Pressure: Pressure
calculated using GCp for overhangs
minus the surface pressure calculated
below.
Bottom Surface Pressure:

Pressure calculated using GCp
for walls based on the effective
wind area of the soffit.
100
Chapter 31: Wind
Tunnel Procedures
New lower limits are relocated
from Commentary to the
Standard… 31.4.3
Questions?

Phân Lo I Gió TC M - Nhà Kín-M - N A Kín PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Phân Lo I Gió TC M - Nhà Kín-M - N A Kín PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

The Most Common Errors in Wind Design &

How to Avoid Them

September 19, 2014

Emily Guglielmo, S.E.

• Enclosed Building: A building that does not comply with the

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10

• Keeps section numbering

• Locates major subject areas as

• Orders the provisions in a

Section 26.5: Basic Wind Speeds

New wind speed maps with 2 major changes:

Occupancy/Risk Occupancy/ Risk Occupancy/ Risk

300-year return period 700-year return period 1700-year return period

COMPARATIVE WIND PRESSURES FOR

COMPARATIVE WIND PRESSURES FOR

105 115 120

Answer: ATC Webpage

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C

6.5.12. 6.5.12. 6.5.13. 6.5.13.

Method Method Method

Enclosed/ Solid Other

MWFRS C&C MWFRS C&C