Control trim & stability
1. general cargo with a large metacentric height (GM)
would be expected to have…….A fast roll period and
large righting levers (GZ Levers).
2. What would a cracked cross-deck plating found during
a loaded passage on a bulk carrier indicate?......That
shear forces have been exceeded
3. On a vessel of 8,000 tons displacement, compute the
reduction in metacentric height due to free surface in
a hold having free water in the tank tops. The hold is
12.192 M. long and 6.096 M. wide. The reduction in
metacentric height is …0.03 M.
4. An Oil tanker experiences large bending moments and
therefore the deck scantlings must be maintained
within "x" length amidships, where "x" is: 0.4 Length
5. When displacement increases, the free surface
corrections for slack tanks _....decrease
6. You are at sea on a vessel whose beam is 12.192 M.
and the full rolling period is 20 seconds. What is the
estimated metacentric height of the vessel?......0.243
M.
7. A bulk freighter 270.26 M. in length, 18.3 M. beam,
with a waterplane coefficient of 0.84, is floating in
salt water at a draft of 6.4 M. How many tons would
it take to increase the mean draft by 1 cm ?..... 81.6
tons
8. The disadvantages of large double bottom tanks on a
double hull oil tanker are:……Increased free surface
effect and reduced transverse metacentric height.
9. What is the full name of the International Convention
dealing with stability of passenger ships?.....The
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
10. A vessel carries three slack tanks of gasoline (SG .68).
The vessel's displacement is 8,000 tons. Each tank is
15.24 M. long and 6.096 M. wide. What is the
reduction in GM due to free surface with the vessel
floating in sea water (SG 1.026)?....0.610 M.
12. What is the result of a large metacentric height?.... The
ship will roll violently.
13. Your vessel's draft is 16'-00" fwd. and 18'-00" aft. The
MT1 is 500 ft-tons. How many tons of water must be
shifted from the after peak to the forepeak, a
distance of 250 feet, to bring her to an even draft
forward and aft? 48 tons
14. A ship is inclined by moving a weight of 30 tons a
distance of 9.144 M. from the centerline. A 8.53 M.
pendulum shows a deflection of 0.305 M.
Displacement including weight moved is 4,000 tons.
KM is 8.425 M.. What is the KG? 6.5 M.
15. When cross-flooding arrangements to correct
unsymmetrical flooding and excessive heel angels in
damaged condition are installed in passenger ships,
what is the maximum angle of heel after flooding but
before equalization? ….15 degrees
16. A cargo of 40 tons is to be lifted with a boom located
12.192 M. from the ship's centerline. The ship's
displacement including the suspended cargo is 8,000
tons and the GM is 0.61 M. with cargo suspended.
What will the list of the vessel be with the cargo
suspended? 5.7°
17. Why is it important in a RoRo vessel to ensure that
cargo is loaded in a uniform way…..To prevent high
sheer forces and bending moments on the vessel
during the loading / discharge operations
18. Why are pure RoRo car carriers considered as being
high risk design vessels where their stability is
concerned……….Because they can easily capsize if
there is ingress of water or ballast operations are not
handled correctly
19. What is usually the effect on G when the ship is
damaged?.....It is unchanged
20. A bulk vessel loads a full cargo to summer marks of a
high density bulk cargo such as iron ore concentrate;
what would be the possible stability conditions
produced?.......The vessel will normally have a large
intact metacentric height (GM) and have a fast roll
period
21. A vessel with a GM of 1.22 M. is inclined to 10°. What
is the value of the righting arm?.....0.21 M.
22. If a load is suspended from the hook of a crane. What
effect does that have on a vessel’s stability?.....The
weight acts upon the vessel from the head of the crane
23. The DEEP DRILLER is loaded as shown in the Sample
Load Form #1 (Transit). Weather conditions require
ballasting to survival draft. Assume that 3707.66 tons
of ballast are added at an average VCG of 2.536 M.
What would be the value of uncorrected KG…..
15.743 M.
24. A General Cargo vessel develops an angle of loll while
loading a heavy item of deck cargo alongside the jetty.
You should immediately:……Stop cargo, reduce FSE in
tanks, lower weights within vessel and fill small ballast
tank on low side of vessel.
25. The value of GZ is no longer able to be calculated using
GM Sine Angle of Heel formula at?....Larger angles of
heel.
26. A vessel's mean draft is 29'-07". At this draft, the TPI
is 152. The mean draft after loading 1360 tons will
be…... 30'-04"
27. To check stability, a weight of 35 tons is lifted with
the jumbo boom, whose head is 10.668 M. from the
ship's centerline. The clinometer shows a list of 7°
with the weight suspended. Displacement including
the weight is 14,000 tons. The GM in this condition is
…….0.22 M.
28. Your vessel is damaged, listing to port and on
occasion flopping to the same angle to starboard. It
has a long, slow, sluggish roll around the angle of list.
There is excessive trim by the stern with little
freeboard aft. What action should you take FIRST to
correct this situation?..........Press up any slack
double-bottom tanks forward of the tipping center,
then fill the forepeak if empty.
29. Your vessel is damaged and is listing to port. The
rolling period is short. There is sufficient freeboard so
that deck edge submersion is not a problem. What
corrective action should be taken FIRST in regard to
the vessel's stability?..... Shift any off-center weights
from port to starboard
30. Your vessel is damaged with no list, but down by the
stern. There is progressive flooding and trim by the
stern is increasing. What is the effect on transverse
stability after the deck edge at the stern is
Control trim & stability
submerged?....BM decreases from loss of water plane
and greater volume.
31. For a container stowed in a position equidistant from
the roll and pitch axes of a ship, what will quarter the
acceleration forces acting on it?....Doubling the roll
period
32. How are ship's stability characteristics affected by
Parametric Rolling?....By the constant change of
underwater hull geometry as waves travel past the
ship
33. What does heaving result in?....Vertical accelerations
acting along container corner posts
34. What is the disadvantage of using High Tensile Steel
(HTS) in ship construction?....Enhanced vibration in
HTS areas
35. What is the primary cause of fatigue damage to the
hull girder?......The number of repeated stress cycles
36. What roll amplitude is generally used by classification
societies in calculating rolling forces?.....24 - 30
degrees
37. What would indicate the onset of Parametric Rolling?
When the wave encounter period approaches the
natural roll period of the ship
38. When do vertical accelerations acting on containers
reach their maximum values?
When a ship changes direction at its extreme angle of
pitch
39. When does wind force cause heeling moments on a
container ship?
When the on-deck containers present a certain profile
to the wind direction
40. Why would a very large container vessel pitch more
than a feeder vessel?
Because pitching varies with ship’s length
41. A Bulk Vessel is to load a cargo of grain; pre loading
calculations show that IMO stability criteria cannot be
achieved; the vessel should do which of the following?
The grain surfaces in some or all of the cargo spaces
must be secured
42. A loaded bulk carrier experiences heavy ice accretion
on deck forward, what are the major concerns of the
changes in stability?
Reduction of metacentric height (GM) and loss of
freeboard forward
43. After discharging a high density cargo a serious crack
is found in an upper ballast tank amidships of a Bulk
Carrier; what must the Master do?
Inform Designated Person Ashore (DPA) and call in
Classification Society
44. In a single side skin bulk carrier of 155m in length
constructed in 2000 and carrying cargo of density 1010
kg/cu.m., which cargo hold should be able to
withstand flooding?
Any cargo hold
45. In a single side skin bulk carrier of 180m in length
constructed in 2001 and carrying cargo of density
1,780 kg/m3, or above, which cargo hold is
strengthened to withstand flooding?
The foremost cargo hold
46. Large bulk carriers are more likely to suffer from cracks
in structure in which of the following parts of the
vessel?
Around hatch corners and upper ballast tanks
amidships
47. On a hold inspection of a Bulk Carrier it is noted that a
number of transverse frame beam knees are slightly
distorted; what is the significance of this?
This indicates the vessel is suffering racking stress and
is potentially serious
48. The vessel is instructed to load alternate holds when
chartered to carry a high density cargo. What reasons
could be given by the master to refuse to do this?
IMO do not recommend alternate loading of cargo
holds with high density cargoes.
49. What are the effects of a bulk vessel loading a high
density cargo resulting in a large metacentric height
(GM)?
Have a fast roll period and possibly suffer racking
stresses
50. What differences in design are there between a
standard cargo hold and a cargo hold which can also
be used for ballast on a Bulk Carrier?
The ballast hold hatch cover must be fitted with
additional securing devices
51. What must by carefully checked when loading a bulk
carrier to maximum draft
The minimum bow height must be maintained
52. What would a cracked cross-deck plating found during
a loaded passage on a bulk carrier indicate?
That shear forces have been exceeded
53. Which of the below structures of bulk carriers are
considered critical?
Upper and lower connection of main side frames
54. Which plan shows the position of the vertical and
longitudinal centres of gravity for each cargo
compartment of a Bulk Carrier?
Vessel stability book
55. A chemical tanker intended to transport products with
appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards
which require significant preventative measures to
preclude escape of such cargo, usually of double-hull
construction, with a variety of tank sizes / capacities is
rated as:
A type II chemical tanker, as per the IBC Code.
56. A cofferdam, a pumproom or an empty tank, located
between cargo tanks containing cargoes or cargo
residues which might react with each other in a
hazardous manner, are all acceptable methods of
segregation in chemical tanker stowage according to
the IBC Code. For this purpose, it may also be
acceptable to have:
An intervening cargo tank containing a mutually
compatible cargo or cargo residues.
57. As per IBC Code, the information contained in the
loading and stability information booklet, which must
be supplied to the master of a chemical tanker, shall
include:
Details of typical service and ballast conditions,
provisions for evaluating other conditions of loading
and a summary of the ship's survival capabilities,
together with sufficient information to enable the
master to load and operate the ship in a safe and
seaworthy manner.
58. As per the IBC Code, an independent tank on a
chemical tanker is defined as:
One which is not contiguous with, or part of the hull
structure.
59. Not counting actual capacity or structural and cargo
specific limitations, the IBC Code states that for a
single tank on a type 3 chemical tanker:
There is no applicable filling restriction.
60. Since 1st January 2007, as per changes introduced by
amendment to MARPOL and IBC Code, it has become
mandatory for vegetable oils to be carried in:
Double hull tankers.
61. The design pressure for a cargo compartment on a
chemical tanker to meet the definition and
requirements of a “pressure tank” must be:
Greater than 0.7 bar gauge.
Control trim & stability
62. The maximum quantity of cargo permitted to be
carried in a single tank on a type 1 chemical tanker as
per the IBC Code is:…..1250 cubic metres.
63. The maximum quantity of cargo permitted to be
carried in a single tank on a type 2 chemical tanker as
per the IBC Code is:
a. 3000 cubic metres
64. The minimum permissible distance measured
horizontally between the ship's shell plating and the
outer side bulkhead of the first cargo compartment on
a type II chemical tanker is:
a. Not less than 760 mm.
65. A General Cargo vessel develops an angle of loll while
loading a heavy item of deck cargo alongside the jetty.
You should immediately:
a. Stop cargo, reduce FSE in tanks, lower weights within
vessel and fill small ballast tank on low side of vessel.
66. A General Cargo vessel is deemed to be cargo worthy
when:
a. The hatch covers and/or hatch pontoons are weather
tight.
67. A general cargo vessel is loading to its Summer Marks.
Upon completion of loading, the final level of the
water would be at:
The top of the summer load line mark.
68. A general cargo with a large metacentric height (GM)
would be expected to have:
A fast roll period and large righting levers (GZ Levers).
69. Prior to loading heavy lift cargoes on a General Cargo
Vessel, it must be ensured that:
There are minimum free surface moments in tanks.
70. The IMO Convention that is not applicable to a general
cargo vessel when it is carrying timber deck cargoes is:
The International Tonnage Convention.
71. The value of GZ is no longer able to be calculated using
GM Sine Angle of Heel formula at?
Larger angles of heel.
72. The value of the GZ lever at small angles of heel on a
General Cargo Vessel can be denoted by the formula:
KM - KG x Sin angle of heel.
73. When loading heavy lift cargoes on a general cargo
vessel, positive stability can be maintained by:
Completely filling the ship's double bottom tanks and
continuously monitoring the loading operation.
74. Which type of material is normally used in the
construction of a cargo tank designed for transporting
LPG at atmospheric pressure?
Carbon-Manganese steel.
75. An Oil tanker experiences large bending moments and
therefore the deck scantlings must be maintained
within "x" length amidships, where "x" is:
0.4 Length
76. As per MARPOL, the formula for calculating the
minimum draft amidships for crude tankers in ballast
condition is:
2.0 + 0.02L
77. Every oil tanker of 5,000 tonnes deadweight and
above delivered on or after 1 February 2002 shall
comply with intact stability whereby it must have a
…..:Not less than 0.15 m
78. The disadvantages of large double bottom tanks on a
double hull oil tanker are:
Increased free surface effect and reduced transverse
metacentric height.
79. The scantling draft of an oil tanker fitted with
segregated ballast tanks is:
The draught for which the structural strength of the
ship has been designed
80. What is the purpose of girders in the tank?
They support the stiffeners and also take up some of
the sea forces
81. What are the main elements in a damage control plan?
Boundaries of the watertight compartments for decks
and holds. Position of controls for opening and closing
of watertight compartments. Arrangement for
correction of list due to flooding.
82. What arrangement may be installed in passenger ships
to reduce unsymmetrical flooding in damaged
condition?
Cross flooding arrangement
83. What is the full name of the International Convention
dealing with stability of passenger ships?
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at
Sea
84. What is the result of a large metacentric height?
The ship will roll violently.
85. What measures regarding ship stability should be
taken in order to make passenger ships able to
withstand critical damage?
Maintain sufficient intact stability
86. When cross-flooding arrangements to correct
unsymmetrical flooding and excessive heel angels in
damaged condition are installed in passenger ships,
what is the maximum angle of heel after flooding but
before equalization?
15 degrees
87. Who is responsible for maintaining the vessel's
structural strenght?
The Master
88. Achieving a good air flow through the various cargo
compartment of a reefer vessel is a principal design
aim of a Naval Architect. Which of the options given
represents the optimum cargo space shape?
A square space as would be found in a midships lower
deck.
89. A long oblong space as would be found in an after
upper deck. Conventional reefer vessels are usually
designed with fine lines and large flared bows.
Consequently, in adverse weather conditions,
especially from forward of the beam, the navigating
officers need to be mainly aware of which of the given
options?
This type of vessel is prone to large hull deflections
which may result in structural damage.
90. Earlier cellular reefer vessels were constructed with a
'porthole system' for supplying refrigerated air via
ducting to containers. Modern vessels are designed to
supply only electrical power to integral containers.
Select the main reason for this change in design to the
vessels and containers from the options given.
The 'porthole' system design was extremely complex
and construction costs were high.
91. Earlier reefer vessels designed and built for liner trade
usually had two or three tween decks approximately 2
to 2.5 metres in height and deep lower holds
approximately 4 to 5 metres deep. Modern designs
usually incorporate more decks each approximately
2.3 metres in height. What is the main reason for this
fundamental design change?
There is an almost universal use of standard height
pallets.
92. How is the size of a reefer vessel normally referenced?
By the cubic foot capacity.
93. In some reefer trades cargoes of chilled horse meat
carcasses are stowed hanging from deckhead rails in
refrigerated locker spaces. What position should the
centre of gravity be assumed to be at when carrying
out the stability calculations for a vessel with such a
stow?
At the deckhead of the lockers.
94. Select from the options given the one which best
completes the following statement. "Reefer vessels,
loaded with a homogenous cargo, usually operate
with a small GM due to the fact that…
Control trim & stability

…they are designed with fine lines and the biggest

cargo spaces are at the top of the holds."
95. Two conventional reefer vessels are being considered
for a charter that involves the transhipment at sea, or
at anchor, of a cargo of frozen squid, as weather
permits. Both vessels have 4 holds, vessel A has high
speed, 10 tonne deck cranes and vessel B has 5 tonne,
union purchase derricks. Which of the vessels, if any,
would be best suited to this type of operation?
Vessel B would be more suitable as the derricks will
give more control of the operation at sea or at anchor.
96. If properly secured what benefits do high sided car
carriers have over other ship types regarding
seaworthiness?
They can roll to very large angles without taking in
water
97. On a RoRo vessel, in addition to longitudinal,
transverse and vertical accelerations what else must
be taken into account when calculating the external
forces acting on a cargo unit?
Longitudinal and transverse forces by wind pressure
98. What special design feature is attributed to RoRo
vessels which are only car …A very large windage area
99. When will a ro-ro vessel pitch heavily?....When wave
lengths are equal to the ship's length
100. Why are pure RoRo car carriers considered as
being high risk design vessels where their stability is
concerned.
Because they can easily capsize if there is ingress of
water or ballast operations are not handled correctly
101. Why is it important in a RoRo vessel to ensure that
cargo is loaded in a uniform way
To prevent high sheer forces and bending moments
on the vessel during the loading / discharge operations
102. What is the result of a "high metacentric height"?
The vessel will roll violently?
103. What is usually the effect on G when the ship is
damaged?
It is unchanged
104. What type of dynamic forces may cause indent in
plating on forecastle deck and main deck in way of
pillars inside forecastle?
Pressure forces caused by green water on deck
105. Which of the following requirements regarding on
board stability data corresponds to present
regulations? (NSCL 4/12.1)
A calculation example showing the use of "KG"
limitation curves.
106. Which of the following requirements to ships
stability for normal operation corresponds to present
regulations? (NSCL 4/12.2)
The ship is loaded in such a manner that adequate
stability is achieved in all loading condition.
107. Who is responsible for maintaining the vessel's
structural strength?.The master.
108. A bulk vessel loads a full cargo to summer marks
of a high density bulk cargo such as iron ore
concentrate; what would be the possible stability
conditions produced?
The vessel will normally have a large intactmetacentric
height (GM) and have a fast roll period
109. What specific data must be displayed on the
loading instruments carried on bulk carriers of 150m
or more in length?
The shear forces exerted on the hull structure
associated with the entered loaded weight
distribution
110. Where are cargo hold water level detectors
required to be fitted on bulk carriers?
At the after end of each cargo hold