IM4_Ch07_2pp.

fm Page 177 Thursday, February 5, 2009 12:46 PM

Exercise 7:01 Foundation Worksheet 7:01

Common factors
1 Complete the following.
1 Factorise the following completely. a 6a + 12 = 6(… + 2)
2 Factorise.
a 5x + 15y b −3m − m2 a 5x + 15 b a2 − 3a
c 6xy − 2x d 15p − 20q 3 Factorise.
a −6m − 15 b −2x2 + 4x
e 15pq − 20q f 12st2 + 15st
g −18xy − 6x h at − at2
i 7x y + xy
2 j a2 + ab
2 Factorise each of the following.
a a2 + ab + 3a b xy − 3x2 + 2x
c 12st − 4t + 8t
3 d 36 − 12ab + 18b
e 3ab − 9a2b + 12ab2 + a2b2 f 4m − 8n − 12mn
g 3 + 5m − 2n h −3n − 5mn + 2n2
i 12x2 + 8x − 4 j 12x2 y2 + 8xy2 − 4y2
3 Examine this example
x(x + 1) − 2(x + 1) has a common factor of (x + 1) so it can be taken out as a common factor
so x(x + 1) − 2(x + 1) = (x + 1)(x − 2)
Now factorise these similar types.
a x(x + 4) + y(x + 4) b 4(a + 2) − b(a + 2)
■ Note:
c m(m − 1) − 3(m − 1) d 2(s − 3) + s(s − 3)
(x + 1)(x − 2) = (x − 2)(x + 1)
e 2a(a − 1) − (a − 1) f 3m(9 − 2m) + 2(9 − 2m)
g x(x − 5) + 2(3x − 15) h y(y + 5) + 2(−y − 5)
i x(3 − x) + 5(x − 3) j ab(9 − a) − 2(a − 9)
4 Factorise fully the following algebraic expressions.
a 9x + 6 b 10 + 15a c 4m − 6n
d x2 + 7x e 2a2 − 3a f 12y − 6y2
g ab − bx h st − s i 4ab + 10bc
j −4m + 6n k −x2 − 3x l −15a + 5ab
m 3x + x − ax
2 n ax + ay + az o 4m − 8n + 6p
p 2(a + x) + b(a + x) q x(3 + b) + 2(3 + b) r y(x − 1) − 3(x − 1)
s 5ab − 15ac + 10ad t x2 − 7x + xy u a(a + 3) − (a + 3)

CHAPTER 7 FACTORISING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS 177

IM4_Ch07_2pp.fm Page 179 Thursday, February 5, 2009 12:46 PM

Exercise 7:02 Foundation Worksheet 7:02

Grouping in pairs
1 Complete the factorising.
1 Complete the factorisation of each expression below. a 3(x + 2) + a(x + 2)
2 Factorise.
a 2(a + b) + x(a + b) b a(x + 7) + p(x + 7) a am + 5a + 2m + 10
c m(x − y) + n(x − y) d x(m + n) − y(m + n)
e a2(2 − x) + 7(2 − x) f q(q − 2) − 2(q − 2)
g (x + y) + a(x + y) h x(1 − 3y) − 2(1 − 3y)
2 Factorise these expressions.
a pa + pb + qa + qb b 3a + 3b + ax + bx c mn + 3np + 5m + 15p
d a + ab + ac + bc
2 e 9x2 − 12x + 3xy − 4y f 12p2 − 16p + 3pq − 4q
g ab + 3c + 3a + bc h xy + y + 4x + 4 i a 3 + a2 + a + 1
j pq + 5r + 5p + qr k xy − x + y − 1 l 8a − 2 + 4ay − y
m mn + m + n + 1 n x2 + my + xy + mx o x2 − xy + xw − yw
p x2 + yz + xz + xy q 11a + 4c + 44 + ac r a 3 − a2 + a − 1
3 Factorise the following.
a xy + xz − wy − wz b ab + bc − ad − cd c 5a + 15 − ab − 3b
d 6x − 24 − xy + 4y e 11y + 22 − xy − 2x f ax2 − ax − x + 1

• This is an exercise you can sink your teeth into!

CHAPTER 7 FACTORISING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS 179

 Foundation Worksheet
7:01 Common Factors
Name: Class:

Examples

• Factorising is the opposite of expanding—mentally check.

• Take out the highest common factor.
Factorise.
1 7a − 21 2 4x + 8y 3 3x2 − 10x 4 −6p + 9
= 7(a − 3) = 4(x + 2y) = x(3x − 10) = −3(2p − 3)
(2 is a factor but (Always take out
not the HCF.) the negative.)

Exercise
1 Complete the following.
a 6a + 12 = 6(… + 2) b 5b − 30 = 5(b − …) c c2 − 7c = …(c − 7)
d 12d + 18 = …(2d + …) e 2e2 + 6e = 2e(e + …) f −8f − 6 = −2(4f + …)
g 5 − 10g = 5(… − 2g) h 4h2 + 8h = …(h + 2) i −p + 8 = …(p − 8)
2 Factorise.
a 5x + 15 b a2 − 3a c 6x − 6 d q2 + 10q
e 4 − 12k f 3x2 − 12x g 4c + 16 h 16c − 4
i 9y2 + 3y j 8 − 6h k ab + 7b l 14m + 20n
m 2t2 + 6t n 5x2 − 15x o r2 − 8r p 25x + 40
q 16p2 − 10p r 36 + 24y s 16 − 8f t 6c + 3
3 Factorise.
a −6m − 15 b −2x2 + 4x c −c2 − 3c d −13a + 26
e −16k + 8 f −3x − x2 g −4t + 18t2 h −12m − 24
i −8y2 + 12y j −20p − 48 k −2h − 4 l −4c + 7

Fun Spot 7:01 | Why didn’t the piglets listen to their father?
Write the HCF for each expression. Match the letters with the answers below.
A 5x − 20 B 4x + 6 C x2 − 7x E 4x2 + 12x H 12x − 6
O −3x − 6 R 3x + 6x
2 S −8x − 10 U 4x − 6x 2 W 4x + 16

2 4x x 5 2x −2 4x 6 4x 4 5 −2

!
5 2 −3 5 3x

Copyright © Pearson Australia 2009

Answers can be found in the Interactive Student CD.
INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS 4 FOUNDATION WORKSHEETS 36 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)
This page may be photocopied for classroom use.
 Foundation Worksheet
7:02 Grouping in Pairs
Name: Class:

Examples
• Pair off the terms, noticing a common factor in each.
• Then look for a common bracket/factor to take out.
Factorise.
1 3d + 6 + cd + 2c 2 x2 + 6x + x + 6 3 b2 + 5b − 2b − 10
}
}

= x(x + 6) + 1(x + 6) = b(b + 5) − 2(b + 5)

= 3(d + 2) + c(d + 2)
= (x + 6)(x + 1) = (b + 5)(b − 2)
= (d + 2)(3 + c)
1 is Be careful
(d + 2) bracket common of negative.
is common. factor.

Exercise
1 Complete the following.
a 3(x + 2) + a(x + 2) b 2(x + 1) − b(x + 1)
c x(x − 3) + 2(x − 3) d q(q + 5) − 3(q + 5)
e m(n − 4) + 5(n − 4) f y(y − 3) − 1(y − 3)
g t(u + 5) + (u + 5) h a(5 − a) + 3(5 − a)
2 Factorise.
a am + 5a + 2m + 10 b 4y + 12 + by + 3b
c 9c + 3 + 3cd + d d 8x − 2 + 4xy − y
e x2 + 3x + 4x + 12 f t2 − 8t + 3t − 24
g 7m + 14 − mn − 2n h 5j − 15 − jm + 3m
i g2 + 4g + 7g + 28 j k2 + 5k − 4k − 20
k y2 − 2y + y − 2 l 2c2 − 2c + 4c − 4
m 3xy + 9x + 6y + 18 n xy − 3x + 7y − 21
o ab + ac + bd + cd p p2 + 10p + 10p + 100
q c2 + 6c + c + 6 r 9 − 3h + 15h − 5h2
s m2 + 8m − 8m − 64 t q2 + 7q − q − 7

Fun Spot 7:02 | What’s the biggest moth in the world?

Factorise each expression, and match its letter with the answer below.
A 3x − 6 H −3x2 − 6x M −3x + 6 O −3x2 + 6x T −3x − 6

- !
3(x − 2)

−3(x − 2)

3(x − 2)

−3(x − 2)

−3(x − 2)

−3x(x − 2)

−3(x + 2)

−3x(x + 2)

Copyright © Pearson Australia 2009

Answers can be found in the Interactive Student CD.
INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS 4 FOUNDATION WORKSHEETS 37 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)
This page may be photocopied for classroom use.