1.

Relative Extremum: used to describe the local behaviour First Derivative Test: *based from ^^^
of a function i.if f’(x)>0 for all x in (a,c), and if f’(x)<0 for all values of
vs x in (c,b) having c as its left endpoint, then f has a relative
Absolute Extremum: to describe a function's global maximum value at c;
behaviour on the entire interval ii. if f’(x)<0 for all x in (a,c), and if f’(x)>0 for all values
2. Relative Extremum: of x in (c,b) having c as its left endpoint, then f has a
f(x) has a relative max/min c if: relative minimum value at c;
i. there exists (a,b) containing c 13. CONCAVITY
ii. f(c)>=f(x) for all x The graph of the function f is said to be concave
ii. f(c)<=f(x) for all x upward/downward at point (c,f(c)) if:
3. Theorem on Relative Extremum: i.f’(c) exists
i. f(x) exists for all values of x in (a,b) ii. there is an open interval I containing c such that the
ii.f has a relative extremum at c, where a<c<b values of x != c in I the point (x,f(x)) on the graph is
iii. f’(c) exists above the tangent line to the graph at (c,f(c)).
>f’(c)=0 ii. there is an open interval I containing c such that the
4. Absolute Extremum: values of x != c in I the point (x,f(x)) on the graph is
f(x) has an absolute max/min c if: below the tangent line to the graph at (c,f(c)).
i.there is some c in the interval such that 14. Oh hey, another THEOREM!
f(c)>=f(x) ; f(c)<=f(x) Let f be differentiable on (a,b) containing c
5. Extreme Value Theorem i.if f’’(c) >0, the graph of f is concave upward at (c,f(c));
i.f is continuous on [a,b] ii. if f’’(c)<0, the graph of f is concave downward at
>f has an absolute max and min on [a,b] (c,f(c)).
>if not continuous, split on end points 15. Point of Inflection
6. Theorem: The point (c,f(c)) is a POI of the graph of f if the graph
i.if lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists and is positive, there is an (a,b) has a tangent line there, and if there exists an open
𝑥→𝑐
containing c such that f(x)>0 for every x != c in the interval I containing c such that if x is in I, then either:
interval. i.f’’(x)<0 if x < c, and f’’(x) > 0 if x > c; or
ii.if lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists and is negative, there is an (a,b) ii. f’’(x)>0 if x <c and f’’(x) < 0 if x > c
𝑥→𝑐 16. Oooooh more THEOREMs!…
containing c such that f(x)<0 for every x != c in the Suppose f is differentiable on (a,b) containing c, and
interval. (c,f(c)) is a POI of the graph of f.
7. Rolle’s Theorem: *dey see me rollin’ >f’’(c) exists, f’’(c)=0
i.f is continuous on [a,b] 17. Second Derivative Test THEOREM!!! $#@!!@!!!
ii. f is differentiable on (a,b) Let c be a critical number of a function f at which f’(c)=0
iii. f(a) = 0 and f(b)= 0 and let f’’ exist for all values of x in (a,b) containing c.
>there is a number c in (a,b) such that f’(c)=0 i.if f’’(c)<0, then f has a relative maximum value at c.
>>special case of MVT ii. if f”(c)>0, then f has a relative minimum value at c.
8. Mean Value Theorem:
i.f is continuous on [a,b]
ii. f is differentiable on (a,b) *~*~*~*~*LIMITS AT INFINITY*~*~*~*~*
>then there is a number c in (a,b) such that 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 1. Horizontal Asymptote
𝑓(𝑏)−𝑓(𝑎)
𝑏−𝑎 i.degree of numerator < degree of denominator
>MVT is also called existence theorem
9. Some important THEOREM: y=0
If f is a function such that f’(x)=0 for all values of x in an
ii. degree of numerator = degree of denominator
interval I, then f is constant on I.
10. The function f is increasing/ decreasing on an interval if y=coefficient num./ coefficient den.
and only if:
i.f(x1)<f(x2) whenever x1<x2 iii. degree of num > degree of den.
ii. f(x1)>f(x2) whenever x1<x2 >by 1: Oblique asymptote
11. Let f be continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b):
i.if f’(x)>0 for all x in (a,b) then f is increasing on [a,b]; >long division
ii. if f’(x)<0 for all x in (a,b) then f is decreasing on [a,b].
12. Another THEOREM that is also important…
LAST THEOREM!!! $#@%#@%*!@#^(!!!!

Suppose f is continuous on the interval I containing c. f(c) is

an absolute extremum on I if:

i.f(c) is a relative extremum of f on I ; and

ii. c is the only number in I for which f has a relative

extremum

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