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Mathematical Induction -
Problems With Sponsored Content
steps:
integer n.
Problem 1
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n (n + 1) / 2
Solution to Problem 1:
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n (n + 1) / 2
Left Side = 1
Right Side = 1 (1 + 1) / 2 = 1
true.
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k = k (k + 1) / 2
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k + (k + 1) = k (k + 1) / 2 + (k + 1)
= (k + 1)(k / 2 + 1)
= (k + 1)(k + 2) / 2
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k + (k + 1) = (k + 1)(k + 2) / 2
Problem 2
Prove that
Solution to Problem 2:
Left Side = 1 2 = 1
true.
6 + (k + 1) 2
right side
= (k + 1) [ k (2k + 1)+ 6 (k + 1) ] /6
= (k + 1) [ 2k 2 + 7k + 6 ] /6
Now factor 2k 2 + 7k + 6.
= (k + 1) [ (k + 2) (2k + 3) ] /6
1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + ... + k 2 + (k + 1) 2 = (k + 1) [ (k + 2)
(2k + 3) ] /6
Problem 3
1 3 + 2 3 + 3 3 + ... + n 3 = n 2 (n + 1) 2 / 4
Solution to Problem 3:
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1 3 + 2 3 + 3 3 + ... + n 3 = n 2 (n + 1) 2 / 4
Left Side = 1 3 = 1
Right Side = 1 2 (1 + 1) 2 / 4 = 1
1 3 + 2 3 + 3 3 + ... + k 3 + (k + 1) 3 = k 2 (k + 1) 2 / 4 + (k
+ 1) 3
= (k + 1) 2 [ k 2 / 4 + (k + 1) ]
= (k + 1) 2 [ k 2 + 4 k + 4 ] / 4
= (k + 1) 2 [ (k + 2) 2 ] / 4
shown that
1 3 + 2 3 + 3 3 + ... + k 3 + (k + 1) 3 = (k + 1) 2 [ (k + 2) 2 ]
/4
Problem 4
n is divisible by 3
Solution to Problem 4:
and calculate n 3 + 2n
1 3 + 2(1) = 3
3 is divisible by 3
k 3 + 2 k is divisible by 3
is equivalent to
(k + 1) 3 + 2 (k + 1) = k 3 + 3 k 2 + 5 k + 3
= [ k 3 + 2 k] + [3 k 2 + 3 k + 3]
= 3 M + 3 [ k2 + k + 1 ] = 3 [ M + k2 + k + 1 ]
Problem 5
Prove that 3 n > n 2 for n = 1, n = 2 and use the
Solution to Problem 5:
3n > n2
31 = 3
12 = 1
32 = 9
22 = 4
3k > k2
3 * 3k > 3 * k2
the left hand sides and the right hand sides of the
two inequalities
2 k2 > 2 k + 1
3 k2 > k2 + 2 k + 1
3 * k 2 > (k + 1) 2
3 * 3 k > (k + 1) 2
3 k + 1 > (k + 1) 2
Problem 6
Solution to Problem 6:
n! > 2 n
4! = 24
2 4 = 16
k! > 2 k
k! (k + 1)> 2 k (k + 1)
write
k+1>2
obtain
2 k (k + 1) > 2 * 2 k
(k + 1)! > 2 k + 1
Problem 7
theorem
Solution to Problem 7:
STEP 1: For n = 1
n = k, hence
+ i sin t)
1)t ]
= k + 1.
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