2012 IEEE Students’ Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science

Modeling and Simulation of Wind-PV Hybrid Power

System using MATLAB/Simulink

Jitendra Kasera Ankit Chaplot Jai Kumar Maherchandani

Deptt. of Electrical Engg., CTAE Deptt. of Electrical Engg., CTAE Deptt. of Electrical Engg., CTAE
MPUAT, Udaipur, India MPUAT, Udaipur, India MPUAT, Udaipur, India
jitendrakasera@yahoo.com ankitchaplot@yahoo.com jkm2000@rediffmail.com

Abstract- This paper presents the modeling of a PV-
wind hybrid system in Matlab/Simulink. The model is
useful for simulation of a hybrid PV-wind system
connected to a grid. Blocks like wind model, PV model,
energy conversion and load are implemented and the
results of simulation are also presented. The behavior of
hybrid system employing renewable and variable in time
energy sources while providing a continuous supply.
Application represents a useful tool in research activity
and also in teaching.
Index Terms—PV model, Wind Model, Hybrid system
Model.
I. INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy technologies offer the promise of clean,
abundant energy gathered from self-renewing resources
such as the sun, wind, water, earth, and plants. Virtually all
regions of the world have renewable resources of one type
or another. Renewable energy technologies offer important
benefits compared to those of conventional energy sources.
Worldwide, 1000 times more energy reaches the surface of
the earth from the sun than is released today by all fossil
fuels consumed. Photovoltaic and wind generation are also
an attractive source of energy because of their benign effect
on the environment. Increased population growth and
economic development are accelerating the rate at which
energy, and in particular electrical energy is being
demanded. All methods of electricity generation have
consequences for the environment, so meeting this growth in
demand, while safeguarding the environment poses a
growing challenge. Each of the renewable energy
technologies is in a different stage of research, development,
and commercialization and all have differences in current
and future expected costs, current industrial base, resource
availability, and potential impact on greenhouse gas
emissions. Hybrid power systems consist of a combination
of renewable energy sources such as: photovoltaic (PV),
wind generators, hydro, etc., to charge batteries and provide
power to meet the energy demand, considering the local
geography and other details of the place of installation.
These types of systems, which are not connected to the main
utility grid, arc also used in stand-alone applications and
operate independently and reliably. The best applications for
these systems are in remote places, such as rural villages, in
eletrocommunications, etc. The importance of hybrid
systems has grown as they appeared to be the right solution
for a clean and distributed energy production. It has to be
mentioned that new implementations of hybrid systems
require special attention on analysis and modeling. One
issue is determined by the variable and unpredictable
character of energy supply from renewable sources. A major
importance for the theoretical study of hybrid systems,
based on renewable energy (photovoltaic, wind,
hydroelectric systems), is the availability of models, which
can be used to study the behavior of hybrid systems, and
most important, software simulation environments.
II. PV CELL MODELING
PV cell are made of semiconductors material, which are
specially treated to form an electric field, positive and
negative side. The model of the solar cell can br realized by
an equivalent circuit that consist of a current source in
parallel with a diode. The current source represents the
current generated by photons (often denoted as Iph or IL),
and its output is constant under constant temperature and
constant incident radiation of light. Rs and Rsh components
can be neglected for the ideal model.

978-1-4673-1515-9/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE

 many series-connected cells, and the value of resistance is
multiplied by the number of cells.

Figure 1. Basic model of PV Cell
There are two key parameters frequently used to
characterize a PV cell. Shorting together the terminals of the
cell, the photon generated current will follow out of the cell
as a short-circuit current (Isc). Thus, Iph = Isc. When there
is no connection to the PV cell (open-circuit), the photon
generated current is shunted internally by the intrinsic p-n
junction diode. This gives the open circuit voltage (Voc).
The output current (I) from the PV cell is found by applying
the Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
b) Parallel Resistance
This is also called shunt resistance. It is a loss associated
with a small leakage of current through a resistive path in
parallel with the intrinsic device. This can be represented by
a parallel resister (Rp). Its effect is much less conspicuous in
a PV module compared to the series resistance, and it will
only become noticeable when a number of PV modules are
connected in parallel for a larger system. Based on this
assumption a more accurate model of solar cell can be
provided as below.

I = Isc – Id 2.1
Figure2. Accurate model of PV Cell
where: Isc is the short-circuit current that is equal to the
photon generated current, and Id is the current shunted
through the intrinsic diode.
The diode current Id is given by the Shockley’s diode 2 Np/1000 1
equation: ISC Ipv
Insolation Ipv
Saturation1
Id = Io (e ^qV / kT - 1) 2.2
Insolation to
ISC current gain1
Where: Io is the reverse saturation current of diode (A),
q is the electron charge (1.602×10-19 C), 1
Vpv f(u)
Vd is the voltage across the diode (V), Vpv Id
Saturation2
k is the Boltzmann’s constant (1.381×10-23 J/K), PN-junction characteristic1
T is the junction temperature in Kelvin (K).
-K-

Replacing Id of the equation (2.1) by the equation (2.2) gives Rsh1

2
the current-voltage relationship of the PV cell.
Ppv
Product1

I = Isc - Io (e ^qV / kT - 1) 2.3 Figure3. Mathematical model of PV Cell

The reverse saturation current of diode (Io) is constant under III. WIND GENERATION MODELLING
the constant temperature and found by setting the open-
circuit condition. Using the equation (2.3), let I = 0 (no The WT converts wind energy to mechanical energy by
output current) and solve for Io. means of a torque applied to a drive train. A model of the
WT is necessary to evaluate the torque and power
0 = Isc - Io (e ^qV / kT - 1) 2.4 production for a given wind speed and the effect of wind
Isc = Io (e ^qV / kT - 1) 2.5 speed variations on the produced torque. The torque TWT
and power PWT produced by the WT within the interval
There are a few things that have not been taken into account [Vmin, Vmax], where V is the mean wind speed, are
in the simple model and that will affect the performance of a functions of the WT blade radius R, air pressure, wind speed
PV cell in practice. and of coefficients CQ and CP.

a) Series Resistance Twt = ½ ρπR^3Cq(λ,θ)V^2 3.1

In a practical PV cell, there is a series of resistance in a
current path through the semiconductor material, the metal
grid, contacts, and current collecting bus. These resistive
losses are lumped together as a series resister (Rs). Its effect
becomes very conspicuous in a PV module that consists of
Pwt = Cp(λ,θ)Pv = = ½ ρR^2Cp(λ,θ) V^3 3.2
CP is known as the power coefficient and characterizes the
ability of the WT to extract energy from the wind. CQ is the
torque coefficient and is related to CP according to:

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 Here, λ is the tip-speed-ratio,
Cq = Cp/λ 3.3 λ = Wwt R/V 3.4

Where ω WT is the WT rotor speed.

1/wind_base
wind_speed_pu Pwind_pu
3 -K- u(1)^3 Pm_pu
-K-
Wind speed Avoid division
(m/s) by zero wind_speed^3
Product pu->pu
cp_pu
Generator speed (pu) lambda_pu
1 -K- -K- lambda
lambda cp -K-
Product lambda_nom beta
pu->pu 1/cp_nom
cp(lambda,beta)
2
Pitch angle (deg) -1 1
Tm (pu)
Avoid division
by zero

Figure4. Mathematical model of Wind system.

IV. MODELLING OF WIND-PV HYBRID SYSTEM IN MATLAB / SIMULINK

In order to implement a real hybrid system a theoretical preliminary study is required. Such study can be performed on simulation
models. A simulation model is presented in Fig. 5.

V
C +v e
PQ
In1+ In1 Out1 a I
Model wind
Vabc
Wind speed + A
Iabc
Active & Reactive Power Active & Reactive
(Phasor Type)
-v e In2- B a power measurement
b
In2 Out2 b B
C
c
c Wind System
In3+ Three phase
Temp +v e
Temp. V-I measurement Voltage measurement
-
Irr -v e
c In4-
In3 Out3 c C
PV System
Irradiance
DC Busbar Inverter Filter

Current Measurement

Vabc
In1
1
Signal Signal Out1
z In2
400 Vref Unit Delay
In3
Vref Generator PWM
Regulator
Non linear load

Figure5. Simulation model of Wind-PV system

The simulation model basically consists of the models - renewable energy sources electrical parameters (powers,
presented above connected together to form an isolated voltages, currents etc.);
hybrid system. The proposed model allows studies of - renewable energy sources constructive parameters (blades
length and number of wind turbine, PV panels’ number);
modeled DC and AC consumers.
- voltage and frequency control (control algorithms);
The simulation model allows studies such as:
- electrical energy conversion (type of DC/AC conversion);
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- Consumer modeling and control.
- Power quality distortion phenomena and analysis.
- Renewable energy availability.
Some examples of simulation results are presented below.
Fig. 6 illustrates the voltage waveform measured at the AC
bus bar. It can be seen a voltage waveform distortion caused
by electronic devices — inverters used for energy
conversion in DC/AC module. Fig. 7 shows harmonic
distortion in phase voltage. As we know due to non linear
load a lot of harmonic distortion occurs in supply system.
The same is proved in the Fig.7 which shows that due to non
linear load harmonic component occurred in voltage
waveform of Phase A.
Figure6. Three phase Voltage
Figure7. Harmonic analysis of voltage waveform of phase A
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V. CONCLUSIONS
From the results obtained above, the following are the
salient conclusions that can be drawn from this paper. A
novel of PV/Wind HEPS modeling and simulation problems
by using Matlab/Simulink environment has been proposed.
By this we can interface two or more types of electrical
power generation sources and based on optimization we can
run the plant as per our need.
In further work to that fuel cell, battery can also be added so
that in night time when solar power is unavailable the fuel
cell and battery can act as a backup source of power.
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