Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Shear center is the point in the section where a transverse load produces no rotation of the section.
Flexural axis is the locus of S.C.(shear center). If the flexural axis is not a straight line, then shear
loads which produce no twist at one section, will produce twist at another section.
49. Which of the bolts require close tolerances-tension bolt or shear bolt?
Ans: Obtain first, a base-structure, by removing the redundant members or reactions. Write the
equilibrium equations for the structure. One deflection equation is then written for each redundant
and the equations are solved simultaneously along with the equilibrium equations.
51. When a body is freely falling from a great height (neglect air resistance), what are the stresses
developed in the body during motion.
Ans: The structure is so designed that if a part of it does fail, the structure will still be safe because
there is another part (or parts) to take the load instead.
Ans: At Yield Point there is large visible stretch without the addition of further load.
Ans: Fatigue is the weakening of the material (Strength could be as low as 30% of U.T.S) due to
frequent fluctuations in load.
56. What is the physical significance of B.M. diagram. Is the B.M. dependent on material used for
the beam.
Ans: Physical significance of B.M.D is that it shows moment transfer from one section to the other
section. B.M. is independent of the material used.
57. Draw the B.M., S.F. and axial force diagrams, for the beam shown in fig 39.
θ
d
B
b
a
Psinθ
B
Pcosθ
Pcosθ
Psinθ -R3
S.F.D R3
M
R3
B.M.D
Fig 39.
58. For the bracket shown in figure 40, which bolt takes more load? A or B?
Ans: Bolt at A.
Fig 40.
59. Which type of rivets can carry tensile load better? Countersunk rivets or round head rivets.
Fig 41.
60. For the shaft subjected to torque T as shown in figure 42, show the variation of twist along the
length AC.
61. Write the expressions for J for closed tube and slit tube.
Y Y
R R
x
x
t
Closed Tube: Slit Tube: t
J=2π r3 t Fig 43. J=2π rt3/3 Fig 44.
(4A2 / ∫ ds/t) (1/3 ∫ t3ds)
Fig 45.
63. Draw the B.M., S.F and axial force diagrams for the beam shown in fig 46.
ABC ⇒ Beam
BD ⇒ Wire ( or cable)
T x q = w(a+b)2/2
tanθ = p/b
Note: R4 = Tsinθ -
(a+b)w
Mx= w(a+x)2/2 -
F3 Tsinθ .x
F1 R3 = -Tcosθ
F2
F1=(Tsinθ - wa - wb)
F2=(Tsinθ - wa)
F3= wa
S.F.D
Fig 46.
B.M.D
64. Why dimpling of skin for rivets is better than machine countersunk.
Fig 47.
Because skin takes part of the load when it is dimpled. Also machine countersunk will have sharp
corners.
65. The steel cantilever beam(figure 48) is partially supported by a coil spring. Find the force in the
spring. The M.I. of the beam is 1.718 in4 and k of the spring = 1000 lb/in.
Fig 48.
The beam and spring deflect equally as they share the load. δ b =δ s
(Pl3/3EI)b = (P/k)s
⇒ Pbx(6x12)3/(3x30x106)(1.718) = Ps/103
⇒2.4 Pb = Ps .............................…...................(1)
and Pb + Ps = 680 ............................................(2)
66. Two loads are applied to a 2” diameter circular shaft simply supported as shown in figure 49.
Find the max normal stress in the shaft.
Fig 49.
67. Two steel cantilever beams help to support load F as shown in figure 50. Find F if the deflection
at A is to be inch. M.I. of each member is 1.5 in4.
F
Fig 50(a).
Two conditions at A provide the necessary equation for the problem. First, a mutual force P acts on
both beams and secondly, the deflections of both beams are equal.
Here,
deflection(δ A) = Fl3/3EI – Pl3/3EI....(1).
Here,
deflection(δ A) = Pl3/3EI ...................(2).
Fig 50(b)
= 6x0.5x(30x106)X1.5/603
F = 625 lbs.