Ecosystem: Life Energy

John Harvie E. Romeroso

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
(Dark Reaction Phase)
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT
REACTION
Light-independent
Reaction
1. Carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere (or water for
aquatic/marine organisms) is
captured.
Light-independent
Reaction
2. CO2 is modified by the
addition of Hydrogen to form
carbohydrates (general
formula of carbohydrates is
[CH2O]n).
Light-independent
Reaction
• Carbon dioxide is captured by
the chemical ribulose
biphosphate (RuBP). RuBP is
a 5-C chemical.
Light-independent
Reaction
1. Carbon Fixation – CO2 enters
and combines with the 5-C
compound RuBP. The
product is an unstable 6-C
compound that breaks into 2
PGA – a 3-C compound.
Light-independent
Reaction
2. Reduction – formation of
PGAL.
a. PGA combines with Phosphate
from ATP
b. PGA combines with H from
NADPH
Light-independent
Reaction
3. Regeneration of RuBP –
Glucose is formed from
PGAL. Most PGAL
molecules will be used to
produce RuBP.
Calvin Cycle
3 molecules
of
CO2
 P P

P
P

P + 3 molecules
3 molecules of
5C RUBP of
P P
CO2
P P
6 3PGA
P P
Re arrangement
P P

P P 6 ATP
P P +
6 3PGA

P P P P
P P P P
6 1,3
P P P P Bisphosphoglycerate
 P P P P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P + 6 NADPH

6 1,3
6 G3P
Bisphosphoglycerate
(Glyceraldehyde
P P
3 Phosphate)
P P
Highly
P P
Energized
 P P
6 G3P
P P

P P
(Glyceraldehyde
3 Phosphate)
Highly Energized
P P
P
P

P P 1 G3P
Glucose
5 G3P
Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate
P P

P P + 3 ATP

P P

P P
3 molecules of
5C RuBP
P P
 Light-independent
Reaction
Raw Materials:

ATP Carbon
RuBP
dioxide
NADPH
In the:

Stroma
 Light-independent
Reaction
By Products:

ADP
Light Reaction
(Photophosphorylation)
NADP
 Light-independent
Reaction
Product:

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
(Sugar)
 Photosynthesis
• Summary:
H2O CO2 Sunlight

Water Carbon dioxide Chlorophyll

C6H12O6 O2
Glucose Oxygen
John Harvie E. Romeroso

END