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4 - Multi Hulls 5- Small WatarplaneArea Twin Hall
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Seagoing selfpropelled marine vehicles

l00Vo

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Transport Non-Transporl
(.r3188)
(s7trz)

Bulk-cargo General cargo Pu.reng". Fishing Senice crafl Military other

( I -s163) (2+23\ (4t2) (2s6) (16,3) (15/s) manne craft
II I I
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r--_1
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l l I I I II
Breakbulk Unitload Ferry Cruise Catchen Tug Clarrier Selfpropelled
(e33) (630) (2T17) (216) factory Dredger Cruiser Multihull

t l I l ' -l T
Vessles lcebreaker Destroyer I:rge yacht
Supply vessele Frigate

Crane ship Coruetle

iit
I

I Drill ship L^andingcraft

1 Bulkcarreir Multideck Single deck Container Ro-ro .J Cable ship Mine craft
(5/25) Freighter (c()aster) bargecarrier car carrier Suneyship Support crafl
Cargoliner (lrr{) (1/5) (l/r) Research ship Submarine
(lla)

Combination

carrier (obo)

l't)
Liquified gas

chemicals

producls

(3r{)

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of MarineTechnology
Dictionary
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i
Light weight 5- Gross Register Tonnage
Net Fegister Tonnage
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4 - O/fset 5- Curue Of Areas
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, (Ferry) J--_r-ttJ tL*. )-- "era;- 6L.o.r- .,5(.t::--^ Lj s, t^u:-:S J,_l

gQQ ..r"itil .5Lr,r:5 J;l pV JL ,r . (Cruiseship)
Ly .r-_y' 6U";5
(cruiseship) -r,_.r-
'?--* 6Lr,r:,5._u_r-,_/€|b Ro-Ro ;S;tt2o oferry
'?_p 6b.;5 aS6-P t .-rcla:irfl, (Luxury) 6tr.r:;5 6f,a
.f_li e-p
ship) -u-+ '?--p
..,f,_-:u(cruise 6to.r:;5r, eueen Elizabthll :rsL.f-$
.qJS t+J 6 tr.r:.lS; I r l::*n J -cJo 6 l-,11:x-t7 U>-,-j; 6 Lr r*5 ..u Io-r-.:
F
6V. . . . grt c+Jt t 6tor: :.SV _v-r-€ o.ul.;r,rLrLL-r:
J.- ,,r,_bly 4tS S
.;*.1 .iU YY U Y. JJ-r>')-r-*, f4i 6rryL, ) r)-cf .!:*r! l_,11:
l-,1 y0..
,it--r
.-ur lr-,2
lj d -t_l-l Jls -p .:-*; (safety)
.r*,_l ]) ^Lk 2l 6,r,.Sl-.5 tr,-r: :f
JU, dl, .;*l ;:i . .r:1jl Jt-;) -rr-rj orb )[;r drr,-LauS ;r- ,>1W
CF

t- Ramp
fr .5jw 6t65{jt

g;rl-t^; ir-;.a.-l J J;SL.. ,f,-Ui l-,,.r;t5r S.,1tt 6!lor;

€l-,b d,-LAd:-:S

F p l.rJ+rls-u:Llift on lift otf .5Lr-r!rS.r.ilor-;'?l-h Ro-Ro

U,_*
J5"'
 r.Slf'tl_t,g g;.l9tli
BuoyancyAnd Stability

to.r!. l-f

il Cy.tt* I ;tri ,-i 2r -,13t-;,r:-5 .5-- -rf,,, jl c-;rLc t;5,5;L:-13., r=r

-s>t j:-3;-)t- J G^'-l jJ^L;) :l Uf y d,/_loSr5il,:-l )Jd";3

6l-oc--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ri_r,.

,f -f (l-:> r: ,,.--) ;i ,>r'*5;) .r:rt IUL:,t; I Sjj4,.=l;; r,.gJt

a.b
t*r-t st S ./-,J 6Wy:.J[- r.n.,l).c--* y
C-'L hS t-b ar rd)y S.;L-l
),t_f s) a5r-,11r c4^-.a,-f,i ;..*-Ji, li F FLI-lt.r+ JrL; r;,y , tyd
.c-.-.t'
f=.^, .-!ti 6li. Ut_:r
a-,'t*i-- ur.a j 4 e;a'. j g-2j:) psll; bf
r6-;1.r,-tr,
;5.t.r,-.1
.JJlJ,-t d' ,*, rl .ttJd bgrr(arrangement) ..)i,-rlS.-r,-L"Jt+
-l ,:5.;.r, ,_?l-h
+ l'-li -hVy L_I c1'rL.o; tu;-:S ;l
?*
l:Lc-l roL-il ,--l-h ?Vu ;S
.tt-S C JL ,,n -,1r.rL;l 6rl-r*; : u-S ,_q:*l r.rL-:lF_sA;l c-"! erj-r.r U_.,r

G i E a.+i .c-l ,.rt-.(,--;jL-: 6to55lFl q5,JlJ .5rlr-|1.,,.t..o.r"Ll.

.li ry;t5.,11g;l{-ryt ;l .>srV
.LAu-".:5.JUJr t"-iu'

6r9rii r_r
J )ttjl 6L; r.r1t+ g;L; : -r-orr, iL5 -ilt t! 4r )15 uS ,S'-dJ, \-f ;5i

J* f-t J,y-U,u-h y C;)t -et-P+AW L.:*l J9;S )S i;1.'-io jl,SL;

 JS s?t* J)4t tl

I
Profile on centre line

I
P l a na r L W L

,S2SV) t-r;*

;f c-r, J t.tls:i
-,L:; jl ,-r;tj tc;)Jt. ,. 6:i =: j J':^! I .)y./ rrt3 ,;^:j
"!_b A L.l:ti;,r_t) B 6r;L^:; f y t r;t.1 c)L u-b y S)p .Ssi jt.:_;rL.e
'f"o)'r
/LrA u/r--:rl.tyti d/_lJlfJW=A (J*;UFb-lJrU,;.*J ), uz-S;l
!-L G)J^-ec.++ -r: G y B .(displacement) a, 6r; l.?yt?-i .tr-9L c*l
"r:54-J
oy.264lt-e J) (u:-5 J-* n-tjl (-u-:U U-b .(,_
e J drc.r,_r;l a.o r.:
.u:-SC c-:.iJ;f
dt, .r:^SUfpl e^rL dc.--:lr r,oly; t j-1 u,_lar1V_S
f f-r )t ,-*- r.:*l6il.1r.ri t4-:l- vi J. fr,,,rB nj.-;.b 4?i r,_!
tlt o.ts dJ? .(f+)d ,-+,-b V t b ,_r:5 C.it: g* rtrL) nS ,l.it e_*.j
:s:;ilr
C="l_f rr:-jlr t*-r- C+- ! .:_,1 .g;1""-,lf Sg :*t_ lF ! ._*"1
W=L=Ypng
v Jt cr-trQ ..ui[ rLi
1*"-- 4...,: r_! y_rU, g,t La <5,1c,*t *:i a:^;lrp. )
yg=9/81 mls2u.$!xg/m,
\*+21pwsm3 ?J

W = L = Y ( m t ) x p * ( k g l m 3 )x 9 . s 7 m l s 2
(Ar)
.)-*€ Uf ;, !r.^. 6 si r.,,-, U--l .r' ral3r ei - t 6
YPn
w= (q-r)
1000
'c.*L-rr :i Slt t . V0 kg/m3L_* \ . . . kg/m3JlJpn:tti.
s;u_r-,.1i,jt
 ,tf;tl t$, v, /,,j - ;rr9, t; tl
lV L:
.g;l.t_t, f r.S.;f

* .5r: 1l c-*;rLr 6 t-r d o.r,-)j+ (F) .g-,.rti * f , \-f J.tu r)

,-p-.:y,_/ 6:t- JrL'.;*Jrl 6.rrtK:.o jS 6.:*l 6l+ti; F .ui'r-i-
F .$g Fr &;i dr,,-l
Jr ;s r(trim) Jr.b.ri:l; t- (heel)u;re.r-::lt ft<r-n
.JktJt-)l * y.r-21:.,lj( C . L .) Sf-t L;6,1,')r^- F,f fo.rt-c;-rtU-.:
c.;l_r;(,-* F ,lig ra- s2l5'a=01.1r r"l(; Jatr'-.-.<.6.,2!.uU 6lorL
t^La a' s ,:.itJ g+> c J-s_l.a;-l -,1rr (non-prismaticL- non-uniform).-*,1
L-t-,;"tq.trl-r,..r.,Le;(amidships) "r:-Sja- J Lt "-;e s _h stf U<,-a..,i
i-t- SD.rld;t+,tp;1F ; B t;:L 6ftyJ*;.=r,-r taf:
CF:
jJ---.- r.:L- o;lr r'1'--9 SIJtS:l
_r_l_,, uL.y- -/J.) J.+,p)
Sjs-S 5Lra,by 1l o:G:-l j j*t : -*ti .tV< ,tss J; , (Simpson'sRules)
: jz-1 u:-S &'L-l-,r"t*,. Jq-t^" ;a-; a"by g;rL; rl.r-; lLiJl a.,,_l
.lr n5c.:-l
.)Jl)

,J5S)! ;s si;1V; ;Sr" 1t;;2l.-r*- r KB {--t^" 6lt ,_lr t\-: e-* JyS
:.:-l j3r- Murrish'srule a, a5.r;lr r;-1

V
xa=!r- (\.-r)
6 w,
-ot.-n Aw J c*; V cj- ;t-r ,t ,_h] il;aT d.rJt- 1r
uS uly; f>
.c-l ;jr J_r* 6\t;:-:S 6| jt5.;t-r:l .. Jyt;,_l ..:*l -'i'^-i-

t rc rp f 6.rf.^r-tr-
t"- t'
diG,iqf..St-l9j

.,-,t,,fFAt 4l-f-f

;;>.r:-5.-t'o:"/ .JL56t1l;: ,F f ly "i- 2r b "r-:S"f,_ ,-t'-f gF, t-f J.<J

@o;l.rlq r,--S rt t-y'>tt &)CoL, .i- *-r.? JS:j .i s &*.-aJt J-C,
t + 6-l*! 6-!-ir> Jt- ;r \ .ii L;6drt;r-1 ;, )-2"*. .r;l: .r;![o r-r>
.-r.:.ortL.:; o-L.i or.-:r df r, \ ,- S >r; r(,_l c ,tSu. j ;S
f-

1- Transverse stabilityat small angles of heel

 j''S ,.r,V J)41 rA

w I

B
K

(a) (bl

ol.uli c.'.c-9.,1: ,:,,:f ( g .dl.! o -ai5 2t.r:.:t(,-Ul : d.f .rtl!-L" t-f ;(;

h:b -,i c+- J# G )V f U-,S.f Ja:- 6+ aia; .>ij5; ..1-r":I;;l,-

6*t-t eS! -rs,-f lr., .llK. -.+ B' a,B ,l .gr;t;j f -,' &-r-b. JsL:' )-x "J:
6si s crjl ..sLrr J\ *.1:* G ..,,F f -t ,t,* tert+ "rt:Sr, .f"-?
d
-bt;"i_B' ,l Jl ;JL dr"-1.;) rA= W ',:-,--uUrL; Jt-.,2rJ *.r-r* j* 6r1V)
..t-l C-rW L ,, B ;l l51,6l{-el :-pr M a.led
t: b ,t-1,{g-:W' L' ,' >2--e
a!;
tJ;:l; 5+35a;t-13) SV.>_r,-l o-t-b (Metacentre) ,;-V Lij M ,bi; t.t-Su'
..:,*l c,rli L-rtJ l.Jr.j,,,-lr,a>-;)\ . r3-r-

*J t slr,-lA .GZ rrtJ.I-" jS rS ,-SL., oJ-oLi.. ./ J*,.,)

GZ) ,_iCo.r-rb(Restoring moment)..rslrJ!,.1L,.-,1;L:5 ,t-l ttt-St ^Jrl,', 6

.5+;5,5t-l-5;.;r .(c.*l/ t-:lj.,1) 6.1j* Gsis dj3 i.r;.rr ,.r-L; L-E J- iL',U
:Sin / =Q oJi
GZ= GM .SinQ (\\-r)
GZ= GM.O (\ Y-r)
.)r r^lF A. GM.4 .-:u;bJL rL ir_l.r!

-:ti J\-
r, ;Jrt )) f, F -*- rJjL i. ,'. o-r:.ilrjL jt-. d e) U

lStable equilibrium);l-r,-t-
JrL; Jt-;r.r:54-(cj5 ilyC r-uL a:;l: .rlnJll
i
l1 tJt:Li
.51l.rr-U,.1

,ltG t:M Jl .(rit c-:, GM ui*_) ri! ,- 1l) rlic g;)! M 6 ,-?, b,-r-,-t;*l

,1,-k -, .:-,1 ,1.r,-!LJrb sgllr "r:5cJl- ;,-l ,: (-uU "ro:. GM ;'r) $L t*15
M rG ;l .Qs-'r i-S:t:lU'-rr) 15 ;A; sjr;.a,;! c.* a, 15:rl:
ety
.>rl: rlj (Neutralequilibrium);- J:L; *Jl- ;r .r:5+5r-;: u" o:;Ers; -;"Lu
-t-1.GM ..fu-l,;^-a r;*l l-,! -(,- ,:-5JrL--.lr (GM) ,:-L,
9-6-tL^t f 1La;11
GM ..5r--: g"alr irl t-! 3;; up;T rt-r,c".r,-! Jt- ,t' f r-uiL *i
(Rolling);S ;tl; gt-(o lStirness) "r:-5;* il4 S;rLrl c-4-1Slo!-"-,
.i-e-! 3:tt\<.GM.rrb d)Ujrq-- ;i y rA-e 6f >jt-.,,,.s1rL7
rSr;*l

,l"ai;r 3 t_rg Glh.U g_6 :rr c,.c! ;,_lt ttf ,*; "f* -* ttt
f
.-ul ralr; LL):) uS eS7
a, cSrc*lF
,lrii, .r;l.r j<"-a ;-S U -5o;1-r.:1 f ti . /0 ;* GM J +.^. Jl.t.l..
(lnclining experiment).ri^:Sj)t'et,+-t-_,i J"-h ) ily€ tt r;5,5,-CM .r^r1.1
.r-5*t- lr..,i.ttr;.,, i s ot- lF
:c.;l: f+tr J<;;tL

GM=KB+BM-KG

e-* Js"S "i- XA .9t )Li

c>l;47; ,F f l-t -t V:s::-:l: ! tr KG .-r,->Jo.:trt
:ttf u,l;I-.fs oL4;^!. e; -b;r L BM.rp e-L, ilj"l uS Cs:

I
BM= (\ f-r)
Y
"/-ti..tt*f+-V : u:-51.t. J-r.rr,i bi- d"-, f t fJt_;tyl 6fLr:
T ,-i )B e-f r,L JJtl l, J(; ,J+L- C:! .5,-JE ..rtrr r, .c*l u;ip c-*t
p2
BM=;7 '.t-$.b
r!

t=LBs , L=LBT
12

I - , L' v .' ' r l ,- < Jl,' .v '' /r' l r b '

X-t

p2
I " -KG
GM=- + (\Lr)
2 127
 G:S,r?V Jrat r.

6- or;il .c*,lGM )lJl* J. -r1 o^;.o ,-f -f slLrt - ,oL L-, ;,rt o
f;;.
"oJ-r,,:
J"u rlrL 1, F fr" it_y )q ilr.- :-.-eL (6-l) ! d;t.r-;
f-f
2rLrc-*l
csL'l:,j "H
1: :.,f, :,t :!;;: Ji
'g;s9.oc f-f-f
6bo.;UJ-b,;5

J_rS &-.GZ = cM.@;t c-;rL.e "til>f jt- 45g;;tr J--FSt-t;r jtt

,
..:Jul-it-.a
.gtoorL5.glrll +f .r,-b;5.._Sly o+;r \ . r.1-r- .gL_l-9r;rGZ 5ly rr.+)

;r-l .-r-:---o::-=i a-1, :) S)p ;;bo;L5 q5lrlr a.5J_ta.r-S r:- r:;lr :;;y
:;l _t:;;t^s -)j.,jt

GZ=SinOGM.ryan2,1,,y (\r_r)
)-rc/,-!,-+ t ^Jy-, 6 .*.* J;*; ,L-r *. Js,|:r-l .*(-r5r.r; 6t-131
,r

Liquid densitV

r,-UrlT e! t' r-r Ki

1- Wall s Ced shlp

f l 6;l.tu-!_.96;.pLi

^L1 45 -ll ," ,, .-,l5,-b. s c*l orLL-l ,'6* 311 Ct-ls) 6,lr'. J3'S ;'-l
orLi:-,! -!U J-fr, ;r-l J;Sr.:- ,,:;l; .,-91;! "lr^^ J $L; clU nt.i; "(,-.,2.:M ",::-L,

.)_f € *-i(\ ;:-L" st ii y-l:L; ;lU +ti .(,-.,1rM 3 et J2;e4-l;J.--.;

rg-b slji f-f-f

Ch-ib

)F,-,.itu:) J *-ll ff .r:5;t-;;- .#;* ;l y.aSgf .fi t=r-tU

o;\-,;-l ei 5 '-;1u -r:L L)--c rr Ll .-ul.-:ti

Jt.:^-t 3L.l;!4, 13lrlruS
6 f I Ll .rr5-r..lr; J^" :-l- f-- ,5- l-; ,li r.r-e;rgL r..r-iL y hS t-r!.
^: )r JP Jj;r g.L ,5"/ -;:I;.J:-5di 6'l<'t -u[ a:;lr 3L ctl;;r ;l ;:*-:
! iF -;-r, C.L ..by./g F f-"f-f -l5.-i-,).)-5-Iolr; {- .i} jL^

tt-5.1G' CG rtr:-S_E f ,'c5r.-r11;,-la5r:r5rrlr; ;,Srg' bprc-;b

.(:y -ralr; g;11) S:| it -E; e,f-r;G')
'.)-f
6" ;.:- "t:'\>rlrt SS)L.r>-f ./ o-r,-:,$;;r d.,1-pt-a c5;J56L-l-rJ r:

G'Z'= GZ - GG'= GZ - GG'Q= GM-GG')Q (\v-r)

: g-f o L* G Jf .+ L* ..:- l a^iL-,r:aKGG" ir l-r:la,,::- L, 1 [L a5

1to-; 2 f"+ "r,
A . G G '= W r g g '

y Fa^- !L;: .i" *J;,-l;r

f ,',* .c-l i;; 6ttt CL .lj; Wt6 JV ))
I
:g-;l: BM= .lel, ji ;-LrQ .:,*l tl;.,; uzS 6;1t: SJi ;-f 1j7- r-r-,,CL
V

9 g ' = b b ' =o ^ o = L r a (\ q-r)

:;-tf ap ilig-r-i,C-U )lji ''5Jt-rr

f+>v J iP.l-t:, C.u & 1.r:.-rL'i
1- l ltt
G G ' =- o (Y.-r)
v P w

1 p , : ( Y\- r )
GG'=
v P w

.a7- 6t .t gL rlrl 1l ;*l j.tV ,l-l s

*- ;rr.GM -::aKr1-t-c-.

1 - Prometacentre 2- Free surface effect

 I-l

65 u.tp lrat rt

! c.*t J-11, GM ;5t5rl ri o rr-.;L ;;t;. rt_r,,;.rSt

Lp F-;f i.::
:ua- t,i;;t -p isss 6t- rl;i d"- )l y't .gLor;,ots

)cG.=ir#, (YY_r)

.':*lorL;, q[;l"fU.:tjl1r ;".rS j!I 6JL rr

GMuU_ e (virtualGM)crilJ GM r;rLL ;_l d:Fu-^6;t w GM
,Jt_ ,trc, a,
-r6tsJl.rrlbc-'U 4-:;-^ I r-,;tr:1>-1 rl;i p -ti .sj; u. ^:;S
6t ;GlrLtr;;;tj
--*,,
e!- 6li >J I CU .rJJ u; "r> es:-, I e U r*, t.r.i., , IJ : : J u.J r 1,.;.
p.rr
JF jl.,<. +y ,t ,$:-- J (s! .;;lr 6:L; .:tjl slr;.r, u[ "r*_l rlji
.6tF -b :t + t el -,bjl o+ ..-*.1
,_e-e8 :_bL"-a)r;l: 6:L; ;lGM ; ii ,-ef Lr^-* g_t r!;i gL_ .rtll
\ i)t- d;,,-l;l--r lCU )lji & i'tr ;rt5"l, gr-.,:e.(r;lr GMy e;:L_j
;t uz_S
1Cu 'sr-;tu ";s-; gtJ5?J5c;tor*..i !\ Jp 45.-*.tdr,-l lrrsrr'y,ts
';'3j 6;-h ;L; a*-:)'1 t+ '5,-->rr*
5 ;S j jtGM 6c*.1 J'(-" .,rE "rJ.,-Ut+:lt- r,
CL )tji Ct- 4tar,_tL-f{,
.-r,-r.! p, r l, (Ro- Ro ferry),J.*r;l
J,-- ',::5,5,_ "fr J t:. ot:-n y. rr- ;_ ; t'),, S
;-S tt;-.i a^;"a ;l F.:;L- 1 6,j- *- fr, .tt- _.rc.*L- a;lrl: iJG .5r ;,_l
'63i .-rp o$-x ( j-t'.,ll--.t)
,-5.-L;r -,i;l 5: ;,-l .51+irt-e.rL-r,7;r Jt .;*t
:Uq:-,lllJ GM,::at5rlrl

G M; s t s =
i,= *= t* (Yr-r)

":^5rc,*| ,-# J:t;6l,,1lr.r:5ylth.:*f GMJ[i, ;l .---4cFLf ,l_r:.,r_1

..u .r.olr; i-S:l::[ Jk-l erl or_e*j
,lJe

tci:r-9i |.9b{ij9 f_f_f

e<rJY-r:-l;L..a.rrtrgL rlri gt- 1."+ S;L- ,F a;2i L;1

Ff;lo_u

7- SuspendedWeights
ff dJl.tr-L- j d;.rL:

.t-!,-r- r-u:; th;l r-l fg ; iV' '-t-e.,l': q5l.rr

lh;l 1; 61,;il ;.,;7 6lr'. 3L
,4 aSc-la./-lt *i \:.rJ) i;;' 5rr, CU 5f 'rciu".r:^5r(-K.l
1--?
;rr-t .(;*l CU 5f 511 ,:-W +t.c;m ) c-*l ul;'-1i m J) '-J.'
f,'--.+J^ :+j
il71i
tt i)s )* f -t aK:,-l u;SL,r;1j3.r, ;l uzS 6tl"r,-U,r4 "rSp ,7;l,t;

a./-lq* 6:6-t- "r:-55: gi1; orL:-lrlil.'sl-' -U,.f.o--f (l cSJ.tJ-l^t lt,]

j)L;l t'6s"uzlr
u$.r:;! .,!! dU .:Jt-..;r 45riu, ,-t* aS./K- cic'*'1 ;-11:
jti-Lat,,f-;r t+i.sl, u-7 &;
.(.:Si l* f .ttit J-, ot*^ 6):.ll)-rli

rdlrorrr6rui-bjT A-f-f

1GM c--^.olrtl;= .'r-f E- \.UJ 4. -,) "r:5 GM ;;rU- r'i-Lri O,,-t;t;'i.o

.)-r-,-/ gb.,l U.r,-.r+CS -* 6;'!Jr-. r:'-l''ji .rJtKG .i"rr a.-L''r 'l:;'lLi

n,"-.h;t-5,_l'pirl- ,:,-t,ji U-l ),r- €;t+t ;56 st 6-e )S;;V ;lt-

,slj,e:. *S u' >:l s s# 1,l.,

6e. J:5dt j L, 6-'r5c'- I*'; i,l-t Ji I t+ I
I o-r-'l'p 1- .r::l;
) -r- d 6 $, ;l -slJ 5-r:t,!-i rA-; )l ri'' t f ,-/ o J oj l's c
&-')1.^"1* iy a' u-'- ';)s
^5r-.! -b .:rl: (rl.'-,r\ Cf ,Ls,s"J)s Sf
osl>Jy.lL, L-r; -t-! w'd il-' .ty;u' tert+ .rttSrJJ d I"zll'i{. 't'f )-b-

.(c-l or:Ii, oll.t-:lji a, .r:5 6 &-S tuJlj jl c-iJk O ) '-r.r> A' GM'p
. I t.
. ,'/r /w

u"=# (Yt-r)

,Sj,;lxl;ar .,1trl )-! tl"b ':.-f '].-' y-rLi' r-LS

./-l*a1t* o)1 .2l:^i..fi-r d
displaeement ;S
6t-or:-.-., ,Ss.s)l (ri-Lii ,t-(- "rt-,S t;'.i r*'''-q)
'$ C \:s! .(;L-l1r't"a

6 u+:L* :-IL, 'rf gt+,rVr it*l ;l.,liet-.,rr\tr ;t "r'-!,i-l';i

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1t- i;lt;l J tt S-f r,t 5>.glr*:l;lJ-n- r\c-r- ;;|y' ?J4 , tSJp

./-L-_,,:.jl:;" ,*lu :,,i c---:lrcJL .jI;. 6taL; tSlt tJ 6; ;l:i,.raSl7,l

4:;t '-'. o--l-* t 11 L'-t; U-i+ ilynl tJt^; J4'i-. .r.itjl ..:*l .i-1Lci

..>l.rrad.,p -,te e-Fsi iJLt:;i_tq J )yd

oryiy' ,j.U* l-ru:---o
t) >.tlygltrlrfu "s-St;r ;-:*.,or;ly,r_l
.-1.rr
.jJ.i- rt^U^ -,r,
y-;,lf-.;:5, Af ) )J)J.gta:-j t-V s r.-r:.:SF cjk:.r)r,
.(\\:-YJ,<r) )Ji o!) ;"-.5IUS ,> orlE c.-)\r :,:t' a, -r,Ut,.-:rr )l Sf

Oeck line
-

II
| ,u-.",

lu""o*'o
I
I

F i g u r e3 . 1 7 L o a d l i n e m a r k ( P l i m s o l l i n e ) .
TF = tropical fresh; F = fresh; T = tropical;
S = summer; W = winter; WNA = Winter North
Atlantic

TF = tropical Fresh , F=fresh , T=tropical

S = summer , W=winler , WNA = winler North Atlantic

;tr-ta; i:r)b tf-f ;^(.;

Block Coefficient z- Sheer 3- NorthAthantic

Hatch Cover Load Line Mark
 ,.t"l.;99*gG"
Resistanceand Propulsion

d,o,tr. l-f

-t ?l 1l r-;ly .r$t-, s l^si d;*l .iyt=" .(.,1-_r ;l .glc[^i ,5..,L,_rjr.l=,r

6cgrUF.?.- :l Ary;r,|.-r-or"r, _b e:t ts-f l_tt+i J, : uS.sl
Lrfr
,!S St-r' F .t, .f,_,.,o j-eo 6P f_rb:r r[.5ta:ir;;. r-l+; t: J o)r. sts_t-iJ
Sty #j o.s: )l J,_q(J^:! -bt.r_f dV e-t:.+1." 3 r-;lJr tf ,.u,.t ,srlt)
.r; o:U- ..1'Ui;rulS; 1

\#t"f F*G. f-f

g-1 o.:,-,23Lr 2r 15Jl-.:lr!.-r5.Sr- Jl* r, ,u$-f>l,S---- &_ C,

Jt-".) $-t^:!i-S-: * dV Jt .S,y r"F J1.".;r.;1.:i J *J -.,L-.1r.--....n
.r.i .r-alt; tj2J.,.,*-+ cSr- JlJ.s>
,-*sti-3 or;, JrL:n rL:; .ilr-; r(Jio.r,_l
-l Jl1*" ;/ SlSLal ouT >-r..:.e!, c,*l c,;rK-_1 4;1.,11:
"r.il1 JL- ,J,- t l
.ttf C
7-
.:*l Jt." J- .SIS$el tf l -h4tg-..+,2.91- Jt- -,, J-or.:p"-
-*:
,S)-r.L-t J o5, )B)-iJ.,relr.:_.^-.ol ,l l.lj-r-r.;:.ilr*t-
,r.-7.i-rt d./-l.S
Jl9:-c a-'.6 ttj.l o-u.;l;;USbs': it i tr-" e-rt .-tt<!-rl .ry'rr o-r-t-i

L
 6-5 O.ry Jtet o'1

\c.r, eft-(Lol
gr1r ;r:a^^ .rr, -t-alr; 'S)- j)t- c..6-a)) ) )y€ c;li
t
dr L' i c,-y t e-.l U q ;F-_.1 c.-y LL r l S -F-t i;J; .t r.i :17y r--c L r.,rL:i J : L:. b
)-f d.-r...t; r.rl(: .>-jlL.itij| .r,o6a5 t>-SC
e1''r..-i.(l-* r :i) ;yU:.'fr ^sJt - d.r,fL^
l.r+ 6blr f )-fJ),,f---
.:tJr.l Jt ., -1, ,f. )-f J<- r..n, e-rt jlrll.;r (t55J-
,*-? -;L:-i.ilr-;- -1I?
,y';,|;-lJ-<.5 t>,4-7
4,i;lj)i;l6-r:,-ir, rr+r$i )-t s>uzlylr,(_r.:,Lr r
.t t -5't I r_,11y
"!5 c.-;Li,',!_til c-rt
f
".lL; 'Sf lro -l :i Sp, 6 "r,t<-
Ly st..r-S,-r, -s-f :),-r:5 d/-ltq
iryLi.' St 1fu1..:r.;ta. jl .u;J+ 6 ttJ,-l rt-7.,_l
.li isr-
J.IJ. s: r:syte-.
.c-l o$ orlr ,ii-L"j \-Y JSJ :) ."p c.--9LL .5tn*Ji. .x lF-,1 . oS)VCy

;ly'rlrl Lii I .:-l a;-qjlr.bl.7i oL_r.=gl c-3t-a, c*; g_ft.

r> ;i{-s
..:-l *,1 _tlist.gb.,*-: )l S:_*.glg,tL_r-a ;l r, ii

Total resistanceR,

ViscousresistanceR, Wavemaking resistanceR*

PressureresistanceR,

.r-5cu1Ul .sLldJ-ir t-t JKJ

1 - Skin Friltion z- Pressurer9esistance 3- Form Fesrstance

4 - Viscous WaveMaking Feslslance
lrgesistance
 oV uii\ 1 c>t5lit

Planeof
symmetry

(Y-r),<j J'':-a::;: 1;':: rJ,, 6.,. r+

jL- b u-ic :yy.;:S * J1,l= .Li ,, 6 ?,t-r r ,_t'-f sW:, r--=-
: L .:-,1 jtVi r'f 3*o -,i Jr J rj--^ F 4rt Up )t jr, f1r.t .r^r,.r.

c=@
2r
(\-f)

.c.*t g ns
Cy J*l : "lc, :b

d;cl'tfiJuT I -r-f

-<- -'i t ;S }S--;a ol,a;'l, t'.u--S r1rlly dbl;

"ri,l-_:::.r+ JS,|r;
g,'-l.trylt-( ! .r-rlT\:d) 4Jl-,1
,_5""L1,_b.lr-,Jljd 6:L-l;Jbi;l orti;-l L .r1l:
'.n-5r-l
PV n {"r+ ..-,:5c4- J.lJ ss.ri .:-jLL 6lt ,-tss
R t,pVL V Ap V V.p.L
t ' ' @ ' , * ' e ' T ) ( Y - Y )
, F = r \
Jr"L . t uS,>er-V.(N) - J,r!.t--:-e,;.r..ofc,;LLR r5
$1."*f
il
 JS n V Jt-l

, . (, +I*) -) .-t
* - - , ,li- i,r-,r- (rp, (m) .-; ',f\h;1ni
ltorl ;r;5
.-i.1t,>j.o\>ef c . ( 4) *-r,1..
, J'w
-Lig
- - .( j+ )* Jtli
.
^:,;iK--,
m.S
.,'52'

u:*io r ( +
-,i U..a- u:-So, ieirtnrt- .iy:;tAp . ( !1) =*;
#):irl;:rt-:jJFU-lJt-:;
l^,t .r-13)U ..:*l rLi d--?:. .(,-rr
f+ .i- r: La.r-l
La.r-l1ca-V.s,r,+.
1 ,>,-V.ss,'+.e-51;.r:--.6 (t I9
eil; .I:--.6
f I) -*
-*"
' , W P
J'
s2
.JrloJ; r)ai4, Sl la:J
,':--....'1:
lc-yLi, .-.,-rJ-+=
,jorL tsll .tf ../ orlr F-L.i C \ S :-f d o-r-.b iL-
.r,J,-,.rLi:-l,;:^,-o,n , C -,U,r*:;,Jn;'t5r rrt
v6 t-;i":- orl: F-[r -r'f) i oE;l "r.otfd c.*t '):.Jp-r r& lvl
Y
a=t,i+-r;:-,:b,
J*\ ,S-r's3-*,1(V) .r::5;r f U. '>-l G:; aS.t-lr >s;,r-f

.r:-J,rr,r,+ ri-Lr.rr ;f,"3+-

+,,, )!--.*rf PV2
v1L
-9J,-21J,
"r:5.i-t!-):-1$ Ot -l-, s> 4V k ,jit r,rr J'11'st-e

6-.tt Jol-,t .:-Ja- jl .*b t6i r-Jti, g,-lJtl .:j- Wrz lai ,l il;u,

jS '5f )l ,-/U 6t_r,lirr"r .tL:; a;rK,-rtj'lJ;.s ).te e:,'.,-*':-fu: FV.

cJl -1c*l .l;..11t5i-r,-+ F! 45jJ,-LUtil& ;:*(i/_ ,-i 1 ,tsS )-\r !rrJ-
.4 tbt-ft uS ,>. jV d)J-,1: ;lrq c, _.--,ol;l

c^o9t$ \Sban,io f-f

c9l.; r.sl+J P4, (Y-f ) ,^l"ib _,1rr',b & t+i tu ',:5 t>t1b 6._r,-La{.iJj;
lfrtF--r<* i-t*
i Stt-S i--tsf .uL ,-b .r,-!c.-1t-c..
C--b.l.r iy 6Lna;J
.!,U:. .rljl lr Lo-,tti Sll. e.V dr.j- Ll .>j) a-,-s ;:S ;-2W eS.r-rr
*. *t
)f _/ ,-#.SJ- ):l J.^S "r-lJ"l ,Jt!. (-9|J.ry.r-olr; oJ-2-rF ri,i 6b.,ilJ,

;fu: -1Lrl-rn e-u; st 1.:"t;K- c-r" jlr.bl;r.;L:i .>tf, J--it

C.j F
C, = ---xf- " .>,,1W ?--t' 4;lraot i .-4Jr Cr4;f f U-, J-{.r.
t+ #
'll2pf L2 ,rS

1 - Design Draft 2 - ResistanceCoefficient 3 - Reynold's Number

4 - Froude Number 5- CavitationNumber 6 - Weber Number
7 - Mach Number
. I

oq 1 ;at2l;.l-
u:il;

.( A Jjr,) c-*l ol; orl: ,i_Lj f-f .,,i ,:

J<.; ;r ;5L
.c-*l 3_L-rr,l.; Jrt- oj+ ,i_ Slt jt ?,t' !-r:.o-ul:; f-f B
JS..;;r .;--,
-,st -&-&_1l.grL; _2lJia +t-cr-.r._lil! B.1A p )) ty€oJ,-r dl Ja;L.o
jl '-b c--yt-e, l-goroL:.; ,r-t'f st 'F- Jr .,/_l_,.i )_ra-f *lyitl .xf
f €
dr_l- ";S *-l re,,}$ cSty..:-ta"r:^s Ly
Jta d:,1 i:^i tr-r.
l, L#i ilyd r,srLcy c.-;f.c.,
J a:;il.t -<-
f-"5-_ r., )$-s c-3G, s
c---et-c,
; 6.5_rbl.;j G*_ )-fu: c--;G" Ai ,t;';.1^.o tf Sf ":t_ulotJl_r-
Jg -l jy oWS \ Azy l. .stf ,_l uaS a:-.",.|jr=c
Jii ,r+ ;SLat c--;la.
: ;*i; ol,r;.r, \-f
Rr = R, + R* = R5 + Rpy + R* = Rp + Ro (r-Y)
'.
;;" Jlt rr" t;. jlL .---lJ- 1 t_y
r$;
Cr = Cv + C* = Cs + Cpu + C* : Cp + Co (f-f )
l: 6)WCf ;*-9U" : uSSS--t.:---9G".j1:-" -.-,sL a51 ,t ,r-^t tst
lj
,F-t"ji );-f l: o3li, dk-tr" ! J-l ..:L- .,J-rj-a JJ,6f .i -91.r-;gL
V
-cgll
.J,:---a a,l-:-o rdi,l o . SLo
' o-u !_l a5r_1- orot^:, I tl:rlS
f,,t .$;
i-t': rlLr-
6FV9.+-ttU. I JS*IU, .r.3*jyj;l ily-c a'.1, e^,-,UL.r*:-
\ , - . , :I

Total resistance
coefficient

Speed Y

42a,, - e,-; OL:,j f_t ;i

t,!S*9W

I
Wave hl aking Resistance 2- Viscous Feslstance
J - ResidudryFeslstance
 '1.
GS s?V Jpt

: a) l-r
sti,u-

R n = R r- F r ( = B r r + R * = R r )
i
(LY)
ll
c.-J.i- j;,rtJi-{.Jl .!i;U};r 6t'-Rpe5:F,f-f )rl
,nUks,J.r- -f
il
trt &' Ll .c.";lr# "*]i, i tbqit- J,C,^; t;i iticy .:*t.,ltr.r-J
| jt*.;l-r," rl "r-b Rpn.f-Rp rt - :* i oSl_",*"+ .*.rr'>\.iS
y' J) .c---..^
I

;p;; 6ly e jJ- 3 r:-,1 slt7J Gf 6t .sltsi L .r; o.r-i:Q:^i .r;, JL-
.t t -Sr./ or[,i:.-|;5 c-yt c-.

6jt eg" c"4r6n t-f-f

rt ,p.-*l Y-f JS:: a, ea alfl-r Ltbtr 1C*) 6;;LVr i.,_et-ir?--t'

otui;3-y rlr;b dc*l
6trtcSk;--=-,t-ll ;<i)Jf : j.:-ir6:t-r,.; r!,Li
':* : j. u- -e d_t"l ft^-* Jtl. ,9 54,;:: rL- ;,,_l..r ---a ;S L-y
;S -* ;: aS u;tc Clr"l fi* \ur ;t u;1 ;> aS u:u;,,-J, o-,21rd-5
-t\SF-t SWf_,,r3 r- --,:Su.i.c;r oJ,i ,f je)r'lc,_J,,i c--! tt-i u, rlz1.-

.x'-Sc $i. +-;

.r:-r! d";"i1 J.V .sr cJ, ! it "rt^- 6ls;!,-t,215 1UJuT, S-

Wavemaking
resistance
c o e ft i c i e n t
cw

0.1 o.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Froudenumber

)3rs )Jr €J 6vaf *..9[ir +ri Jl-;i- i-t JS-

t

'll
ull2 ld.eslit

)& -5o)y Vr U 6rL ,-r,t F J-P 6 c.*l lt- 6,ta juia af.tj.
\
)l ,t; ;:,-ir; .'>*l isr )et u!*iy. ^'.juirl;,-l ..:-lfO\ ltl >:-f
isr\,s.s* Juit+ r5.t-orr,
e frrrl:Jr :i-r>,r'Lt Jui,
ft ;S.vf *-lyl ! C* -t d' ,tJl.r;-r. ',bL j ,f t:3j rl-r-cl.2:
..:-l
6VCy.:-;LL 6lf t_i'l *,4rerr "i-lil lr ",J5.:--eU, *Jl .rr"l
j:-lL-r- ,*r- ri-l;il \ 2fu:.---9!i, dri+..o I r:*,1 C,,,xV2q .=-t::.
.)-r-d

)s ,=*'t cirJ lt-.Jl GjVCy .:ujLL f"lt- i-t- gglraGiL-s.Jt4.5-;f

orLii,l! g--lG, drlr[L;.;; !r gp4, r-Llori ,y-r bS,-b:lai rt;t.r<.2.a
.tf 't r.tp;:-:SJr, ;-t ri;l
lt 6;VVr'-.jLL 6rU, -r- ti ilj.,, Jt-- 6to;S t.r, J<; ;: cjr L
t.* tlryil !;Ytr AWrr) sr.jji--a.JL.,, ;S*, J-rt-r-t b ji I .rl.:,:-oK i
i!
)
Ctt F.-rl1 rel.a; ;-l .r;;i J'-+ 6)LC-f .:-it'c-. i tS.*. r-::-atfcrlg;r, )
jlr.bl-;r
"-.ot5.r:-S6A r: ol.,i >1-y.y'.1".l g.ti;rt6 >;rKu, .,l(^i q rc-r, _;l-:i
J Sd ,-;; o jb SWf1 tnr91i.,,, b:Jtt rrSt-. J ")j! Jt- r^ .,lr.*U-._/
dl; rtrJt ,_F t-k.ryj .:--91i, ":tlil e.eL c,*l drS-. Ji*l.tSVf f F
A;f l: r5.r,-tr!r:5t-J JS6' rS)- ' llY x-15 )rt J)
JtlC" .;:* 6r,-Lrr:5
.xt-SA 6UCy c-.Jtn.-,1r6rU; ;"!,te-! r (Cs>0.7+t1";;1-r--

rl;ur
Jtsh.al \i4glr. f-f-f

,-l,E.r)t." .S=.L,_r6:-F jl orli:-l ! iU--, i_r-l 6_ 6\ a* ;lsJpl c,'11c..

(R.) .tl_r-s )& t -<- Cr.'i* ;lsJel
j :-,11r c..j[L ?--t'..:-l r-l-..
.s-5 -br'U,F { tJii Jtjc
cF : A(R.)-n (t-f )
.!:--.6;l.i rl.t-cln -9A 15

1 - Main Hump 2- Prismatic Hump 3- BulbousBow

4 - Ekin Friction Resislance
 .il
uS u,tp Jnt

.J'j:--^ ;ti y_rUL lgf lr n JA ) or3, a,_)-,1:,.tL_r.1

c;__le;rlri,
1:i S:f rl-r.clr:
q ,1,-+ pl1i .tt-:+ &-r
,t-l ,: 1 t-i u, r9y JU:l lJ-.r, t2-il3-sr-r.e
,.i-ljl t
o
J f x \ . jrJp, :-rr gi JU: I L -t,CL- j.:s &_ 6lrr. .>:.,5 jL-".
u, .,, J-*
: t:U'lJ\ J*' J-sF ^..G)-t' a,-Y.;)U ,lp-, rl-r-elrr .:.;b;lj \.'
o:lr ,5-Lc, [f JKj i i_f .i6; .ry Jrol3; S-&-t c-.ti y_rLLll-t n: A .Sk+t.
iry-r-, t+:j.5L? t:JC ,rS ;-*'y.6,.r.r, tss_t:i jU_F (J,.r..1r.-Llor;
r,Jr ,t:-r,ilrl ;;a.,r .-i!
Clri ,JjJ, tu-) .glrlr c.*l f,.-, GS 6h jl ,*-S
J* : .;! oJ-i .-i
d.-' Jrt-.-r-L- gSlrbdCL- "f_sss )_r-6, )ai-e
.t,r,_l ^--S -b:r d*
it ;lS.J,.-,,l.:,..1LL i-t- 6t1trl: jLS J* JtJ.
.x>-5,_11 Jo:-...:uLr*, i.rytL L_cSJL:ic-ryLL;r La,L;lj c-r,
"t(:
\r:5.9ta;
:-<. ctl.sJr.J &- SW.ts )l orLc-"..|t 1-.s>6>LL GF Cta)tS
.;*l <J.,Sgt:-l(aJ-r,;i6e,alc-;Li, ,-r_* 6V:s:3=- tb-.r,"1.(J "Uo:-
JL ,, ai c-*l c-r, .rSl(b-zl c-31r, ?-r4 J_r-S ,l o:1.--..1, j-6 Jllt ;r_,

3 r- 6
' ;6
0
: = X
c - o , , 4
; 8 '
2

l05 tO6 tot loil loe

number,Re
Reynolds

)1J-*,0aj i^ie SJ'-.Slt JiltLat,-,r) O-t J(..1

1- Towing Tank
1r u5\ 1 *02\ie

\1tttc;
: .:*l o-r,-rJrl"6:+, \ ivo
,-SJl.x ;pSl-r;
0.075
cF= (v-f )
ltog (8") - 212
Jr".:-;6t,e,..* !F:l(JL;i cr.r,
dkJ-t",i_t"ji1l.r.i C_b.rLl; iy J:.;
orlr gjj ,t) 2: c;*jin t:Sil :t.Ji 1l o:l-,' .l i-1>;.rarr, jL:j b ,r;lJ jS J

.r].-l oJ;

)& 1 ,StJ -et.+t-f

).;^J1;1L e-lSl 6fi t c-r, "r5lKL.el c,-;t-o..
a-l;l
iy ---e..ri ;-t}t ! J.9 .ry dJi tft .;r,-U-jrlr--, :llcl ..;r.rrlr ,_r(.:--t ri-
.r,t .rr,;r! .4U !-F ,;lSL.elc-1G, ?-r.a)! -,rJ-r-, :l-r.rlr> -l *U-.f ,i-lil
a{:Jl.- rr Cs c-li r[e, .-;lr
6-.21-,1 -ralr; )l-t---, )& t A- rK-; ;'-lyV 6
)! rrl1:,-_,:l.r-cllr u;lt uz:S '(,- r;y -,, .r-ll! .:y ralr; -J;; rS\ S-2
;l{J-alc--etl ?-r4 oi "r1U;l-r:L ,J.:3il ! ,.91j ;'U ,1c-t, g;ta**--r.;:+. gla)
_,lj q.-rljrl& d.,,_lctt|TTC1978L-9.5:1(."";..:Js,U.tr"/ cirS ).-r> ro:*
I

6 C=
F l l o sf - 0 . 6 4 l x1 o ' 3 (^-Y)
?l','
.c.*lrrni ;S
1Ll;.,1l.,,: J* L'1 c{ cgr.,,K oS
J:L. +5 c,*l A. - \ O. lrTt .r1J> t) oJ-:c:;L ir-r- 6 .J,_t^.r:^:S lt+ dll K,

,l:^j. .>:f u" orLi.:-.I Jg ,lt;' c.rL-L,.r, !-r* -9ry J-ol-gr)Cp=./...V

)J-f U t4 6il.r;lr j:s csjL.)Li t K"
.r(.r- (.Kr) ;i G:* s 6* ,.r;b
;-r-- J t r f JlJ. : > c.r, c-J"jt*, U r&, Ly q .ti r:,_ti l )l $" J t t J u,,Wt
r.,Jrv b \ c)L r!_lile..rL SJ-iL"/ \.-v, tsfi j,-l;itl.>rl>
ffi)jJ>.;)
.ttf ,_l:-.ef ;L^ cSl;;j) o:r! tr
t;t .>t;'- c-t- .flKt"al ;-lil c-r! j.l ,6+ t .r,-Lrr .tlrl-r"t- .l.r--..+
ji-; .:I.
-r.J:5;.J\^r<ib. rol; o:Li:-l &, a !.o,* 6J) J../_[-:>.tlrl.lL
-.-ltl I ] -..U-.t-11,a;;-l(r5 JSL<trl:.-.-9f-c., -;_l-jlrlrL.r;lr ,K:-rrt- rr

1- lnternatic,lal Towino Tank Conference 2- Loca! Revnold's Number

 GS s,V Jpt it

tSlr;l
.Ji.l, 6-,1- "r5.-gll grt5.L , -Sl rs:-l oJ;.; c-t* Cr.1l;Lr,.*,1;1,
uoS ,r{-t ,ts,t .t-*,-/ A,*,7.f O b CF o--Vi,l)lrL 6, ;y tt.;. $J
.tt-{,-l eV s5"ri_lilJ
"4U;r.rt,l:uL s, jl+5.-*.lCF 61.r,../.1.
qU ri_lil

.;r9G.f-s L5taaiJi.o f-f_f

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1- Hull Appendages 2- Fouling J_ Propulsion

4- The Propulsor 5- Paddte Wheel A
Jet Pump
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10-- aladP ri'll Boss
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Carbon and low - alloy stee/s
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Manganese Bronze
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\r *,i & :L-t-i r5 J-S"r.J..a:..r:5 "1.- C 6:* l:.;,_U..-,l5.:JL -,1:.(\ \-Y
t'b -r.i! *lr ./Is- dqJS..i,JrU'/;E .r:JD ,;lst -b l. jy ,;ly, .,r^-
..:-, I rl-a:. ..I5 J..- q./-b-tJ! Ja-r; r5.t-it 6 lcl;-l a t lr
:-ri!_,tjr fi \t.i r5-u;15_ d)t' )t ,-flt c.!-r-x_ff! $|lt t >sls 66si

cARirAo€

lgT,-rjr--t .1T t l.t J<j

1- Open WaterTest 2- Caniage

 Vg ;!1.2 5 atglit

dJr^ l,Lr ( .-cJt

1
.G-1.- a
,<;i,*..", I

_rcf,r4,t:; (a )
il: l_;"l5.:,.lLr J-r, uljy as,>-trtj,,r,t<r;;;L.d
t':q.-
..r)g^ j_p +;l o; rti.,_l iJhV ,* lttg, F.J; ,;.rrrr][irr"
..r-:t,Lr,L- xl..,-/;i i:r5 S,UJt* '.Jf , a;
Jel ljllr',; J-r, <,Li blL 6,la>r. d.:*l )-ll ,q:t- f1,..+-_1i.-::
c-&.*, tr 1 r;l: ilL-;4 tllr' i-k 6 -,i ur- --- a/_lrq .r--it c..6-aaa
.J-lU jl-<,- u'olj a'l5rt 1Ju 6tr9!.rnD ut51y-
)p. *- sVo ^:,11r,
a;;r,
,r:.
va -
\ c-l'i (\ Y-f)
,1, ' nnD
t
'
Jj e-h uJ tal11' ,Str-o.r-r..oL_; 6.rr*, ?-r4.;*l .rf;r rl_r^;n dJL;r
. ) * . a p J s
J e \ J

- J _ V O
nD
(\r_Y)
?/ d./-+)tj )b .ur; orr1iy..-! rJ:-, J ))t j+l4.r(-L-r a1L;,Slt
'. '--rj
t; . .t
J Q 9 .

,, = * ( \y- r )
.ss:,,-/rlSeiJrt A-at-r.llyr 1 S-aPp;D J "rb^ c"-c-nnDr5Jf- r:
: L_cFn. = Fn".srl,
i aS : J:^, tlS )& .r-.
nn^ D^ _ nfi" D"
-)
'rgD; €Di
ts-''/ a^-:: a5
r ^
nm= nsJ# = n, {-x. (\o_f)
\ ltJ-l ,,
i-: Dm
9 -l m tJlr.*- jlj.S's i! lr.-J--l 5 Ju n:tU.l: .rLt, c-*;,1 dJL.;r
1t1,Silt -,) !-! tllr' t>1S.ryE .r_!|r,./_lrq ...u1;51 J- t Ly.-t =: j +
r3j .r;ti sLlt.ry' ;_LrT
,/T
.tts- - --.(c,t.r, ;lr L

v.=+
1- Trailing Edge 2- Advance Coeflicient 3- Advance Number
 v1
GS Lr,\b Jt4t

o>Ln:-l! ,
: g:lr LY-t drL. .11 ;$ ;$'-'' e+lr ^s
J^=Js
'.'olsl S--
SltRn ;'tJ..:'-:rJr

Ao.t Va (\t-Y)
Rr= (\ \-r-1)
v

R :tisJ-*l/.7 e(Jt-.,1r
.c+l r-r+r"rr"rao1n5J!.,..r1-r+lr'-irr.,>nrVay;l5yOI
V2a=V7a + (0.7 n nD)z (\v-f)
o-l'-5--ll ?-t'v J
: c; i ;r;+ ilju, b (\v-f ).lqlr..-,t .r<JL.'..'
v2 R - (\LY)
J2+(0.7 n\2 = c2
n2 D2
'^\lt
: ( \ 2-Y) s.lqt,' "r-l;l ..rtc-l U

Rn= ctoT!9 (\ q-f)

'.
,s-,Y^.= V" JJr=J" Jl
lol^ fi, D6 -- ls.7sOs Ds (Y.-f )

fl^ = Ils A2 (Y\-Y)

.:y, ,i-L;i 12,t' p uS alsJ ssrJ.lJtSst) st -r,-Ua;l:yJ'rJ-r-: JiV *d/lJq

\:^-' J) 6r:bb
,* ,.l,;rJf, J )Jj ,,;l1.c Jli,-i ;:-:5,>'ji' d)J
t- Fq-, a,,L5 .c.-,1 ,fr | ))-r' ,t-l J) )J^r ot,s1i1''rL;^'o
?--t'.:oL;
Ll t-u! tl-pl t-\ sJr4,
y-.r*.r\it rrrL',-.o,* u.(Y\-f ): (\0-f ) \ls: ,S:ltt
'*-l
ee).4 t (n) .ll-;-9rllJ^; r,(Q) JJIJ3 (T) ;f: y-:E' :l.li "i ':L:'Lli 'l'
' ':*lrt bt-l.l: rS(va) tSs*
,i-t ji ;f+,f gK," (v)
.-r:fJ.- " 'S '>'cr-' U
'. ri--;1,-14 -
ts 4lr; C-b .r-l cVlt.8Y,/
| 'fts ?-f

Kr= ( YY - f )
p1nD72D2 pnz Do

1- ThrustCoefficient
W u5\ 2 *2\ie

tLr.:.?a{
Oh4 er_);

Ka: o (Yr-Y)
p(nD)2 D2 D pn2 D5
roL-: orl.rdL: \ y-f JKi _,1r6;3J,:La J Ss*= rJ *-y Ke J KT J)Vs
.8-rg
€i
, v e (YY_f)
nD
cl1r., oL-:ul, ,-JUJ d/_ljl F_ .(\f_f ,$-:;) rtr "lL:i .tt;r" lt SJ1 .-r.itJ
i
: rl -r:;rL-e45.- *.17p :1.,11
.-,1.1:

-" = Pr TVl = r!en'_ot_ 1

Va _
= Kr J '_ _ r,,
Po: 2"a, 6rr, "' 2" n; (Yef)
ft; _..'
q Crn.*-f o-u:,--j J -JCrn ,;tlt?-ri L-t4:3 o*-rr
137, - fr .--
:)yC,F a;Jsf

a-.=--I--=8Kr (Yt-f )
1 1 2p V ' a n l 4 D 2 n J2

Kro'u
l0Ko
0.,

\ \
0,3

n7 \

0,t

0 \
0,? o,L 0,6 0.8 , ,
1_ ul
J - - =

N U
ajl3yJ.rr .5- .Slf Ko f Kr a;te,r:.'.... t f-t
J<j .,, ,

1- Torque Coefficient
 G.5 s?V Jr-.\ VA

.(\f-f J<.) -,.,rr.r" g-r rli --i pff U-r,trtlo JKo, Kr Jtr- M
,-F ,rU
;r rn5c-l o:lr .rL:;oi_r,. i =i 6U- t .:, ..: cl-9" rr- 1Ll.rl +S,_r,_la;_tri
J"u ClJ"l tu[ cl-ey -b :t ]:;L- JIJ li Ct- tr a'lir' ,r- 4lrti 4s
d)f t:
>jS jgb ili;u,
Pi-e ;l &); _r:-? _rri/_lrq .r"i -utr; r,.-y.gt<t-)\.
'>t^- I
*L:- .:.El.;-l ,: Jl ,>ju; pL2;f I
-,1p, ,syJ 6,;lyra co-e},_.r-1o
:lt C\*. ;,lb t) )l*: r-r-eb:-; jtS;;r L_\ etf :sr rt-r;J Jr..r,F
.J,-4 i'b...,iJ-{ r^i! ,;..,1=, y. . jl;J.r,_! J-r-.ct-r" -b ,F .,-b.r.&
.-1-.-,$lf ,Jrlo t tS)y it-f
4u er tSs: -r.rli.-i
"r--tri jl J.-l- g-b lril r-r,_-r.,.gGcls'-):r,s>
t-r€ orlr,,-;; "j'ev..*t ! taJr" 5r'- ;r-l ;La;i .t-5"r" 2lS aAlL- >rr'
A.
s^:4 (fr t., .-.- tZlaoy rl,u ,u,L ,);rr" pt:; l p;!
*- u:"_L;il4i ,g1r1
.ayc-er>)_s
"t-1!;&.i<r."r./tJKj .i1.n
6 or; orlr oL.:; Sf ;;< jl J.-L (\ f_f ) J* _,,
.r,-t-ocl_e" e_b ;l ;-j
.e-l ou orl: ,-r; pt5;r,,, t.i.i

Ko KI 1l' o "/Ko
0 . r0 0,1 r , 00 l0

0.09 q9 0,90 9

0.00 0.8 0 , 80 I

0.0't 0.7 'l

0 . 70

0.06 0.6 0 , 60 6

0 05 0.5 0,50 5

o.o/. q1 0,40

0.03 0.3 0,30 I

_l_l
0.02 0.2 0,20 2
0.01 0.r 0,r0 I

0 0 0 0

.- L
J-nli
 Vt uiils 2 tzt2b

KI
t0Ko
1o

iEuE t ei :t ctol t dt:r+4 ,J.r,..strr!;TuT , t_t J(l

rr_rr;Tg_u
sltit )-r-C ajr y .ril1y
,l.tU- .:!j't, c..oq .j{ ,*i.c c.*.j st atJ14t1+9
dr.t
;- i 1.r 6.- *.1 eiljrr o:.;L
Jr cjF-.l s ,.ilt 6si s;:5 *.;LL t
,f- j-t
..1-rJ.l! .+ l.l,-." t5
-- -* -il1-rj Jr is1 Lir,ilrl d:*, 11_f_f)

$ttr,94,.!Jbtii.ntif f_0_f
tJL q u/ c.r, jlrll
Cir er-l.5':*l ,sl-r+ ,>-e -CJr,,'rr c-a,4,tJr,
st ,St| r,-Y,fJis,IeU ij.:.,jLo..-*.|oytq:.
ll,"rr* rSL :i c;tr;i-
tr rJ-'J i-r #
CJt itr .c*l 6l.1rljl .,;U jlts, SWr J.s.i sr_r, 1
 dS n?V Jt-t A.

| )_? d o:lr ,.i_L; ' &S--t'

V-Ve
00= (Yv-Y)

u1.si,-ost V 1 (rrl.u >:+s r6lsJ *S,-rrtfu1 d1.r'

]^..,2: -.ri ttL-5 \>c)rVo dl
,;'-, Jjlj ut ii ,tri 5r.:*l 0.5 b O.O5;o !r ^.ta ,gs, --t' .-l ;S,--i
.n-ic d,#! J-r,.-; 6rr.-:tl) uq: er;
e_trttn,r ri.n.[Vt,6ta--
'.)-f
dorlr F-Lj r,! orjL otp *.a ,*4?--t' Jtr::l-,,r-t5.-,- p ;llYr--.
i: - i*;\"*-i
i,rr = l
, (yv_r)
ve u )> 4ltl
) / )l Jrl> d:jlJ oJ$ |

= r y = R ,t v - l - t
T.Va T Va 1-a

)f' 6)l-f 6c*1

ii ^' ,g,tirl rtL-r4 iJ:_2 jl;U a;\l6ss l -S-,
*y:. tl
:r a* ilrtl ,J+ o- ,lL-F jl .,;b u-*, jJ<-,iU
Gr_l cr-l.c--; clly Fn
.-it c.-*; .iLiJ jl; r'..rL_r.1 ;: oli r1-y *rt:L::cl dri:+*A .;-l .-,q.ci., ,.i
d Ff ")jq ! rnli.,-/jy c.,;'U ,W'.r1r:.rt
.;, U*;;,_t.,,,;:S
: r:J..r! Y(RRE)

;St;e .1: rll9rr r:;L

\n= (Vt c--or- l) ,fV -rT 1> el17 r:;L

eUj:-l J.t .:-:irr oJ-;,...^r l.l_ltS3tL :i _1s,;11r,"-rL.-,i g_Ll e-_LL,l 7e

,ll_* IRRE 3ar ct ,-f,b r- ..:-l . /qn - \/.rt r3-r- ,r'illJr*-r7,
.rr_>W.s:Ju,
.;* l,a;^i .:r l.uL- l .Sf^.S;r, \,:i y-: tL I ts-r,_l. rr'1; " r. . r; U3 t" -ry
o.:-l oJ.->f -*r1 ;* d.r,tK-r clly f orlL.(.,i:JU,
-.;s _,1: t o+i tl
l r + , l o l Je , r i
J <
tlj
J J

ntst',Vt u.o.E 4i j|. o:.ti

,, =
als;. \ c.t-l o>l: -)7 o*
".ri I
/., : U-.r
I //.,
| |
4r=4o.4u.rn (Yq-r )

1- WakeFactor 2- RelativeRotativeEfficiency(RRE)
 Al uP\ 1t>t2!d.

.)_r-,-/ c.;l-* t(epc) ,Sr-." e;

e,./ty":
?--t' J1,2,..e
: >>-SC -L-y; J-t Jtte Y(PC)
{ '5"+f, rcr-t6,-;r -
or.lL-21.r.e..

-- 4t.t
" rt
lt,- . " n.r.t.l; j j, ct.rti
n-- .' -

*iU t .lj.;, jl o.r.! o>lr rtlli

//' = QPC x .r,-ri Jli.;l o:.,L

( ! '

'.itt J*".ri-bjT f_0_f

.ri-Lji y o;){r rril-,1 J.r, ,i-t ji (,i .1r ,-r-: o.llr

fi c.*.J rr 6;;J.:L-o
C-rj
cr:;-1i
.:-,4, fu. n\ g! .-t.-^-,tpy o+ .:-3 t-a..
pJ_*i!..li;,,J31 6 $ ";l t;l
J.r..i- 6jrK. I La{aj*,;,_l af c,*l ,SL :i ss .J',i'r.t_fcl-1y.gLrra;-i
.**i--^
e$, ;tt:iSu,-,i"p,'.<,-lrli; u;il]r.-
I J-o.rrrraa,-; t, tj G.A rl.r.olr(\_y_f r:t") 6rt-l;Jbi

Kr=
pn2D4
xo = -4 = ....6r 2t5.,r ;
on'a"
,
'l= tr:J.,+::t'
,n
tStt-lt r>efVl tu,srz c.^.c1en tu+>-> p t_;sl:-S s
?f ,.;,ls?j t e JT 45
sVe )l rr-Laor-;J*r Ulrl -r,-!r3t*f s ,_il,tyrLL .J-:--.o ,;ls',, -ED 1tl1yq .l[_-,t
:-x) C \:4! J-s &s p, 6V :i ,s ul1r, orrL .-r:-i; c5J.;l.ll n

J.iu 2r>q).-ti
.tO=-+
cS>stso.t$
.----
T.VA
, - = - = _ a
Kr J
Q.2zn K6' 2n ff-r)
.rJft+t pt.liit-r -2:; ,..r-;.,L,--1t5jl;+r+
-ec^ir ! .r,-!,,i_U;i

1- Quasi-PropulsiveCoelficient 2- Propulsive Coefficint

3-PropulsionModel Tasting 4 - Thrust Coelficient
5- Torque Coefficient 6- Advance Coefficient
 J''tn VJr-t Ar

:-5,; JsF,r:.:SJ-r, '=i.e gcl;.r, J-r...-d ta,,rb q L*t

e-V)T :or,
.r--t :i.j!; SWr:r J-r.,u , - .nrlu..: r tu+ 6ss
J.J.i ,.;+ .:'UJ-,
.J tJ,y 6$,;lxl ,-*ls.s)Jl. < J ,rf
' jl-stf 'oLa
,tJu, -*- tlt Jr. ;t "t:, 6f ,;trjl -,-f
Jjb 6s7 6.9t"Li
#"rj! ct^.',
a---LL!U.-r, -,i
}U ;_L;i.1 uri C-Lrrt "rt ;..t U.rr^:,-rro-r;U
.Jui:---6<-L,.!tj "* .r1U Lrt6a_e)j,s tlsl

J*og."U,l'gL;.1i 1_f
jS *t c ! c.,.3U, dr.;r- 6,1.,a
Ju;-L;i orU_-t .st, cS:[ ;)l(-.
e_b -,t
.tt 6l-a rc-1.- , i s cV dlt :l"rrtr JK-:,;J;l.rrb ,f s )V r;-f j;I:
,7->Wl.ll..rL',^r .r,kJu ts-f ) sl -,_-trr,er5;iJ
-F.,rls;t_ if_r;; J-r
t;t'. 1 e:|r22 *rtjt; <tJr.itiJ jl AU.:,;LL
"i,U:. "r:"^^ .g,t ,-r-SJr rbt_,
-f | -t J-r, .:;L.;r .:.i.r
l& q ..!-b -;) 3 -!:^i ,_# r,.t r..;lri 6lrl:
.r_l- r+j r,_tr1; *-U:i iJ^, ,lo1gf";l.ll
orlr:,-l J"t.l, t#i i.. qtrjl"r-i ,t0. i* jy .r>t<:,
J + 611 uils_ 6Ws:
J JJ- c,*; g-L: a---tj, .r"t.-l /. rS 61....r_LLJ gr:# --l-* Lr;J,. )l
,Pl e:: u.8y,l r-r,;lc-t'-!s g\ ;* 6a,srt oJ;;hvlutoc;f,;tlt
lJu:^-t o:Li:-l >2j", -;::* 6
:5,-l o:tp;.1 l: j-S e, l, epC
?-Je.f-" !r-- l;f, ;l jn _l

QPC g i = ';S ":"-u:i :t PC

).t,;-V;1 ;t QPC

.Jrlorg*rr-.,allt J[-zr
A -_l-e;lo:U-,"-|1965 r,-j6Lo *f ;l u.au. _l

.- (Ps) .Jlr ''t':,LF.aitl .rr.ri

(1+x) =
(P,) Ju o,"-vjT
)te.v, U;,LF ol
r.t: cF,jut PC
K t = GS,>
J.r,;-t ;T;t ;U QPC
D
r-s cE JPJIS tm:tFtsiD:: 'tsr;-ri
Kz' =
JJ.;-V;1 uVg P6'':;W

1- Self Propulsion

I
 T

Af ;5!s 1 r-tS\b

t !-t-*' 1+x v-ri

,\ *t'. 6.r,.; "$-Jl t> oS:tf u, or[i.:-l s\ ---e..,t-;-
YL-,: rtu+
..rirtr.;, -9o:y -t>u::S p_u;\ L'-t; J 6J) J. J-L--rr->1rs173't)2
.;*l .f--r; 1'0 t .rI;

,r1"; oftgr 6 t-f )|+;"* I,s,/:-,1978 JL ;r (ITTC) ,Ul.x 'tlF -f

SA it e5;,.1 51"-u53r'*a; .?-\-;lo:ti-l ,rL\ dJ) r'-1.;*1Jyl"r;-'

a:11Lu.\"i- o}l 3,tK- ;ljl r'l.1oc--3LL r'4+ lt I'(Y-Y-Y1)-1'- Lf) t+
.t-J,y J.:tl.s

o,-r9yb_9rf Y_f

tFl-,
:r >Lj ,S 6 c--l LaoTJ-y;-,{t "U.o;l ;L ta'111i!-1l .r^:'-rJi
.ttJCu;4Ssi.-,-r.,i ,-1.--1.i^eL -je c*i;: Laot .S-rI- c**j
,5;L..i J
tl r, J-i J Glssr;-if"+-1i1 tl t Jr) tJ- {,F *-ll c-*-.; ,t rV.;if I
1 1 a ,
,J, i;FJ. L;1, .,r:y rLl
:-- 45-r"i .r.olr; o,). o"../-t"6:-..r;: .-1 c(.-l .tt--f !
-r,rl: )L ,S 6.t-l.6:*j q Jy .skq- .r*- .>t-5.f ;U"l .Shq- o-r.l r;-y

u:9' .xr-u',-!,-- eU
a, orlr igrL;
F- r-;.rF- f h"i ,> -9-u'L-r' JU:l
.:rL-; e-,-el)J),, *. ,tl g-l ^S^:-S 'J *- t .Slo'.J-.5lr^-,! c-^eLo u' rJr; -t--t-:'
,j
rt;-L:,--gf5,ktq- ,-'.r.i ,r-t it"-4.:tf u" Jl^j^U .5Lol-r-arE--l I P I
.sr"r, 3t -h'.'r & ri :lr'-= rb ll:]-r!:'' j lv-rt'-l-t t 6:;.r' '-r-b
'.ttJC ilznl.,r
i-y; * F t o-1-L:,31.f>to .b>sf

L P j
pv2

llt ; r: jy r-r, ...r-:,-b.-lKjr; Jsya ;t .t-t-S -5 t t \-Y-Y .:*i ;: 6

il;
-fi rr-,Irr5.rr;L-r-a tt .>y.tsl;rit-z -brr-r
O A*;kd1,-r-1-L:,3t5
.t-;-fi3l5.tl:- t *-ir i*.i .,r J-1*Li3t5 .
tL^ot .:& U-^t-..t,
-t>.-r-;-Li--95
''
.t_f o-\;lJ; V 6;la^ie
"/

1 - Load Factor z- Hull Roughness 3 - Fouling

4- Trial Conditlons Cavitation 6 - Thrust
7- lift d- Tip Vortex 9 - Eack Cavitation
10- Sheet Cavitation
 E.r

GS srp,))-t A{

slst=o>-,U;il .:.r! .l-;.,1:,--9\5i.r,-..r,,

J.ta1.*, 4is ^:_l:t ar.ur-;L.:;J'Jt
i
j n5.:-t g:! c-lrh .ttJg
,+-l-;i ;l .:Lc-l ! .,.ri,.1'*,| 1 i.ui t-' U'-t;
6111;-U;i a/-ljl J+ .tj,-l ;l+,1.l-r,1"--16'i'-"-,,'F ;r'-l6ry' "z;"-i' Jt-
' j;..1r--etfi.r-eJ-:u \ eY
u,:-- Jg t ^a u,-VtfL-r 1loly; ,€l-b !,,t J-lr.
.r +-r o:[-ii,l
I

'
.ds t9 !Sta*tf b .i-t"; t A-f I
I

o-r^l. l-f e-cra'U ,$,f gE;t .r:-sc;L jl -r.1ref "t--t'jl

A;t*l'-,y
l, ^ -2: .:Lcyl,l : tlC;f+,1 tari-t'"ri .taa i ;P JiS
,r+r 6$,;lxt
-,1)1o)y t{rf.li ob)\lal ,y-l.t;t-5,-t q ,* sWr,S-,i .fj;l Lan'+:
Jljr-lfo dt:y. 61r,..::5u.6\,-f+ ;- ;S:Jr" ;-Lri g-b ..rr;; br,
l"l;;l ,-rt- c-a.a r:i -+, CWs,t.11o:l-c-l ! .r-r- JtSltJ;-Lr-;61 6tlS '>4'-;1

,:,-f.,.ri rl "r,i
gr! r.,1l.sL-l .ilFl e5;*l "-r; a:irf a-; ,-#t J- ;x
6Ls
L .:*l ,lr1 ;'rlt 7.0 ^S) .:*l 5% - 15%i>iJ- :> uitt;it- 'ir'ri .St-tJ-

.(;b Y. c-"^e '>,-e

.*,;: .-bI ./JL.-..tL 1 y'1.\ lA

Cavitation
number

Advance coefficient.7

tl.g-Li-96q5Llo)JJ^r to-t JK:

1- CavitationBucket Curves 2- Full ScaleTrials

 .rd5-ojLr
Ship Structures

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1,., ,-rS t r;ly ,rJlr- Ssi )l c-*;rLc oS,:,sji
J L./ J s si o > ssi.' * ! alra ..r::--,rJ)J F c r sU: tSsi s j:S jS,:)Jdc.-l
'!
r r;ll \:r) 4r It dt Ssi ,AV e si )l 6;Jlf€,\! .rt-lf (u-:^i: dL.
.,J-i u'dui .r:-5lrU -rr l, ,-:*- al-- t;J S.si )l SlJtf,5
e-tr., -r,_U
.(JU-e SJt^ -L tJSL
e =T Slt,r-;'.; iV s "rt tSs;.
J5# .-rL,rl ,^6r r: *"i Jrli. YlSWAna;
,SL :i Fot_ dl' .s:J
€

1- St?/ Water 2- Still Water Bending Moment

 GS,rrv J)-t i1

'(JucJLr2r .rlzb .9115;lrJt-r r-o ;i

;p-l oJ J; ji s- -r,-!.1 $!
.h:;: Fl 6lr-.4jsjJe j:;Si;V , >rtj
Lrrl-:lrr r;31L^ .5ttlts;;rJrlS s Sf :Li...; "t-S Jda, U -ulyrr;"-)1Jx
.J\.,U
tV ,;;30)V

Fl.r-.;lrl t 'sJs,t )l y'3*l cJ;.,1.r )y- d+ t >jj gg>j-e ,_r-:J iL.

U-L^^ ;S 6f c..6? tt y'rl 6r i^67 ^SF-r,SQ'JU s> .bt,-/ tf

r'JLr -l ;;il Lr:.;..rL, c.-; "r:;Sc.t Ll 4t_,-r, ;3t5 .--.; ..rL, -rl.rn -u--:

,-# ctl-,r51-r- /.f . r-9-t- , &l F,.,rL.r5l-r- ,l$..tf rS2lS u':74

p -l .-*l '# dt+I... ,.r ,Yy'.1rl1 + F =t-r 'S)-.,1> .c-l 6tt4e
r.r:.nr"r, Srtu
AV -;l Jl- r" t Js*; * .rL;*r !r-- rf C ,-# df+[..
jV'L1. )Jr> r, ,,l-Fl;,-l 5r !J.;r-rc*l ,;5c+ iF..,1r Q:; ":,-lil t#i
6,tt4e 6.L; JLrqJ J ott JJt)216l.1.1d.:*l
.r-;b rgi

'eV.: -.^..o1
;l u*r-.1L, rg.-^.o '; ,.t.rr-Ll5.l a;l.,1lrr5 Jt-- s5l,r;:S.;r

.;rrt5rsL) v-..,.r5: 6il JSt,jV.;r 6lrlr du.La"r:5.,1: Ll.c.*-,r slt.t-iJ

gtl.r5.;lr;,,lrlJ-eL
cabi"lllllllllllllll ) 6ta:s, *_ r-u!
t ,-E J6ljd iy il-.r,(tot
.ry -r:,olr; "rF jj,E y_:E (, ;, J J*
.S.rF 6f -JA.rtr,-! t 'f _fJ &..1;!,t
4;Lao.,;L6t) J.y'rl.rl f b rSLn.,1!

6t .tfC;t+t.r<;U-ln- gLn-,tr
ll*l t V.tss t^6t-l.s:t6! q d:- a,,,-l

) )-i./c* J )slsrL:i.lry
rJt#-,r-l i&, C&1.e5.:-l CS ef r:J; lf-:
jl/b olr,; V "_rC oJ -btt-,iO m -,,t|-l.,S,Jrlo ,€l-b.1r .itiyl.r.o6
.ttJ -, |t- €\b :> 4re uA;

o(*rti,-s 6rlrt! f-f-0

t? y'rt o\-e to ;# 6y -iSy 6,1+'r; gLntt^:iJ-t- t6lrl .r(-l--r ,Jb,!

t-t+S!U;r r,lJ1b 4Sr,!r ^. d.:-Lrrajl-Pl *f!.:+ gJt56ta:*t
fi bi ,+, ,4:V tsljg,jr* 1J J.::.--ad;loJ--a+c..,oL 4;l-;lrLrlt ;rr-t.-r:,-i;
6-r,JE 9911..,t':5u'Jr,r,-rfuLt 6Lrrt:i l.:b q,Ji\lJ-., V,fl-hJ) .)J*j Jr,.t
,;* ,fl* S-ly 61to* c9tt, O. L yly sea slap;l ;U 'r<rl;-lJt-:.i
#

1- Head Sea 2- Bow or Quartering Sea

3- Combined Veftical and HorizontalBending
4- Warping and ShearStresses 5- Slamming
6- Sea Slap
7
I
j

GS,.rrv Jr-t tlA

6 ,S r. L r- , , \ . . k t r -,*"i.,;r j9i;l-rn r)lr>>fu:,yf

m, u567.,-l:Vcb-
.c.*l;.r,_-r-:,;*.i,-ri-,r 6..l.!-t' t6lr7:1-u.
6l.yl )1 ,-iv

t
6f9rf jf .rjtj 2urlJ.f.l> O4ar, f_f_A

-"-lcSkJL i j;-S r.:-'ll-e6to.';Lee.r J"I; g;lra 6i.^- SWs_t -st 6j,

,_ts,t
-rtli€ kj,t-, ir_l .r-1 J^lJt ":b gii r5_r.;lciL_
,;-:.a,.1,-- r: 6>L;;$
..r--L; r.,l:i; cf_$ 6Ws:;t;u;U.-.-,l=;' fr;-:S;rL J )_slJi5b.,tr
t\6 ,* r,r-Jr.s:*lr ;h; a)F r,rlJi g"r t-\ratrgrlr;
ess )l -rL., !:U-" I
ji^ o:t-p-*.|)s-r $Jt ;-r-,J dS
e -b i y'rt Lbrt ! *Li ,y';.l ;t ;v
o:lr gij (v-0) ":n .)r
.r.(-t-_r nq-b.. ,r.s: 4l.c,-l f;U- | * dst
€l-h 4;lrt 1*l '?l-p 4il16,J;-i.1-ri.(J.5.rl; dJ) (tp_l)-f.lt: ..-*.1 or:
.tlC-;lj ort"-."'lt-t-f '+s )h. GS
fRAO ;rr-ri d.*.-L
csb-,'tt c..a-7,6j,.;tllrf,-Ly t rry6;tdr. L-S:tt es_t
orL,i-r."'l
ssl ,ef
1Li;rl-r-l-9o c*;tS L-, F.lt^,.r;:L.61_r,l;l
;i:
jl ';U,Jl--l g2i otr)tllllortL-*"1
'#..rL-. r51-r- ,zl:.L U , sln ,t}
,S t:Ju' &t .Li JolF \:d! sJu_-l
>1>yc.*l d,S-.
F -* J-* ,tr rS y'rl
t.rt-b6!-r
.s.r-.:q 1 r# r,oob_l5 -,1rrr:fl-u .,1$, gis Jt-:-l Cj,
;U;'^J-V
.Q:J a--.lr' r)
.:.:o,-t- \ -*..itr)tbl6t
ih- u J'-l'
;* -c J-b ,ttJ^:-. Fgl-. r5[- JlL .Jrrji c,*.r, ,5lrr
.i)l'- f 'Sr- s.t+ _l F *f qt
;:5 ..;.a^,o rc-;b ;S ,pJf
5,- r^L;r -;$;t>;5'a;-l6lJ VISSC .J,i:--^ tlrt,iJ.6r!; c._*"+.1
;l y -A,s-
''rl* ,-*
,Jl, \ 6V-r 6 SC rt6. i* t, *rr_f/, 4,*_ 6-,-l.tll: ..c.b
riy .ito>{ll ..-*.1 .rr5 oJ^i .:,j JLi ,_,rLl ,_tJ;;, jJat:.
r=L; t\ oV "./-U_-lr
,-# rJL-, -rl5|J- U-j*b-,.:-t--., * Jl_* U Jllr.l
C.-f ?

1- Extremewave Load 2- strip Thaory 3- Linearsuperposition

4- Response AmplitudeOperator 5_ ShortTerm probabitity
6- Rayleigh 7- lnternationat
Ship Structure
Congress
8- Sea Speactrum 9- Bretschneider Spectrum
10- Long Term
qq
u:5 o)U

r l l d i r e c t i o n s-
N o n h A t l a n r i c w a v ed i s t r i b u r i o r a
soeed= 9.3 Knots

Exrreme probability density

c
z
I

c
a

o
CD

P=l/(3x107)

lo-7 l0-6 1o-5 lo-o 1o-r 1o-

Cumulative probability

;;31412 .,j.r 6Vt , ;*ztg"rr V-o;i

-h tCJ, Jq. \ 'n -rll is p\y*. .t;ir orLi:-,i>.:-rF t' J-b ,t,
..:-l o.u o:lrr!-LJ V-0J.(^i,1:JL+l t_b.iy.:Ll.r gh;l l-.-; .:_r'l * -S
,tVi LltJt-:-l -flr* S jt|. y'rt ;t.:-"; l, di atr:u,(;zS -trb ,>
t.)L: 'y:,
u-;,-b". d!|J \ /f rFU ij..rq "r-l S .i; -h1: cul7. f ,uS ,-e Jp
o.iq-L-, t i, )Ui r--t-c.. U .c,*l ii ,u J* .tt gS t)JlJ .r-:-t .lL. ,51.r-
rll-22.rr,:f .5,:li rrlsL-l l gL"-,! c-; ;5 n5 r,r;l.sL-l
1to.,1l d-f .,,t'y'U
.:r,_ic,*q ,-iss st r,r;t ;L5- t r.;1i .:-r <, rrl-r,L-l Sla €-U
e-Lr {fl
Jyl.r:. :,le ! Lf j ? r h- ggt o;S.9 ty 6 c^;S ;:t; u, F r -r\
1Lo;l s9.1td y,
6rr:.r, jL:j Jt i r<r- gUrr::Scgl;3 c-;lr -r.olr; .g:Ur;jLb H=,12,/L

.c-l *L. 'L*- H-A m c,'Li 'l.t"i,

| - Load Factor
 dlt s?V b-t r..

\#-,e;cskJr.p f_f_A
t 4 -r -f o,-l.-utc^:.f{!l .,rJUr,_r-* SQ -r t,6l;r | ; t "r b csto.,! ;r*;; 611
J+, r!: ,.*i \P^-u oTa;1
e:i :.r:Sc.r, )ra lS;.J r7\b qJ:l J-lr,
It jl ;t, F.rt-.
dyl r51-r- e.r ?_p ! ol-;,f t4i;l .rt"--..1 !; ,.-."..n
:r;1i ;*..r, \ . -n
91 Jt :,t -J
&^,f*(sag) = 125 L2B (Cs + 0.2) h* (\_o)
M* (hog) = 165 L2BCB2h* (Y-0)
.j+ aibt ?--t'Ca t.s$ eereB t;-.::S 6t-o:-pr A.J_pL1.:-tI cM. r-l_j
hw r L<'t'O.m "glt ,&.-b,.-l ,:-f .tJV; 6lt h_ -e
'b Cs,1La;.rlL;*i
:rr,, .t-olr; 12 r,->li- rl rl-V.
Jr-ts4 ;
=
h* D (.r:SLtrrlD) (r-0)
h - = 1 3 - r 2 5 9 ^ =I Lt (r-0)
105

'h, .w. -. ,=e1 -3\ _ , L - 2 5, 0 r s (LA)

705

.t-/L-/ *-5 -bJ)h.= 227|/L)lr;. L>fO. m 6lt s

V*(sag) = Mw gag)10.39L (r-0)

V*(hog) = M* (hog)ll0.2s(Cg+ 0.2) Ll (r-0)
jl ;u
e-b -,1<5(v-o),-/-p Jr'j 34d;l ;b F'rt, ;.a;;.5r,
J )lJii- ,t-l.tF:lS o.rli:-,|,_f sljC o-rri.:-_r, ell "t:.6"r-Sf ,i_t ji
.-:*l \,-'' j: Jt^;-rr,Ll
Ms = 0.00075p6L3B (v_o)
Jt; -h.,,r !; b-r ts:y 4sl Jj,-l -11ort-c-,1
! !r* ,tL :i rr ,-:--; .rro
-u:L rq5tior, agll.a-*i1 y j c-*l +-t-..,t,ti ritj; 6ll *Ln
o)t 5,_
C!j;
"5L:i J) r-:4> jL, L-t-. c-.{-? .5lorL S{-f-f r,Lloyds Rules (\qAV)

u5r, rle '.,=

1 - Classification Societles
t.t u::Sc)U

{.l,l.!* lrtG;-,f f-A

A)l\ rJ,-L"l.rrrLi, c;l;(,-* JV; i ,.9- -r;;L rc-t, eJl-i orlr -5j" )Li

.g$s U:y3 a:sJ ltfr orL; cfu_FtV st -ul;'.do.r^i e=-ta ,-# jL.rl-t.e,

.-ru:Ja-t-., c.r, Cfi )t t-/J J 'F )l CV

:*.-Tu. t:d) dr Jj ^\\.11 orLc...l t a;-r, .t> 6:-p 6L6.-
&;

" = M- f v: 7M (^-0)

I ag,>t-olLoUy tu.:.;
$$.ii,& lJ) dL, t;::;2j>uV -btt-riLh iL-,M d
;-id.-r",b
C!; Js.t-Z=,|, F trar s:.-i
d/_lJt+(t-0 JKi) $)"/ O F J* l-3 c,.. i.,1rY-;-- M JlrL Flo
ryrl,i, -Flo d/-ld Ji,rJ,-l lt-a,-l.r:5 l-1 .i*; )t .r.:.-,t dt{-r;t Fl.r-
(Jr-^.
1 ory cfr ;l;*;*; -iS e,Wtr.f-a -;: ..urlr.;lj ,,r:5-,itt- ,S: i.s:.r,
r5.:*l 6* J je J* aVl*Jl 61.;l:5r i;L 4r!r*i -d i;L F ,-k
dt{.l'l.:;cl:lri, :T- di-
s,:+ -, ttJ,-1,-r:-5-,i5o ,P tf ,-lry ,5-r;; c-.rL
6)V;r,d.(.jU .:Jt---2r: us uSaft^ cJt-.,.r lg:s ;r'-l.ttJu,5r.,: r5l-r--
'(,l0 j*'; t'""'

t* t -b.:*,Ilr":SJrt+I: y'e,l;|s:,Vrtt -ill.r,f t6ts.;;r5l-r-

Upper deck

Neutralaxisof cross-sestion

Eendingstress
distribution

,;*S;z; ;t;u.eta-sg.ir ao J<J

1- Hull Girder
 ,;''SU>Y+)yt \'l

El.l jt;;l
;:i u.-/:ttt;-, J C-6 $<-l ,r::- 2j2,. 7Wj 6'il-. eW.tl .tt l
l
:!.>l;t"ri

F.h
r=-Tf (\.-0)

At ,-Ft,t-r F
+ "- ,r-., 6)U t- ,y-t, it- JJI i!,-' {L ; ola ts:i rl"t;
l
:ly r:*l;j LFI J js )-rx !..J & & lr, .lt-' ..r:; )-r-, !
..:*t ,::; 2Yo Vu2>

rtoo-r5.i--;c; rlg;i r.:L o-,;L $:-. 'L;,rl l-l5 P tji .it-t^.. 1r

&
-+ 6F o:L igt€.:1,s t_r,-/ ^-; -b.tt ,)-h 6Lro;ly->) Jt ' jt*,Jqs)

s:-3kr :t J-* 4;Lao,;ly-.:

i'b.fl, aS; .xt;u" or;r ,rE ,-F .t*' J-',:.=l'
.)t $lF oJr?u-tl..- ;)t- 5.:*l ';+
Lt"dA.i J*

,jil l.5sg .,slot O1,""\4tt t-f-0

jJ-t .:Jt-.;r
d{:,) 4-nr r) 6 s AiJ );' )t Lf f ";:U cr$.," d:-:Sr}i
jt-' L'ai
oJ)\r cr^iL d-f ,;-D 6f b ,-# Jt Ll .-r,ir, ):+1 6>-t' ,-P
jL,
M, ! nJ $J.r,olr,- it I Lritl oL; i'b iai t4i>ye ,i':--t.lL'-r:

dlJ.(q-O J.3l(-;)(r5rr, ,f F ,f 2: gli-i--"

-f P 2t J ttS€ oet''
.ry -r.ol9 ,-# jJ[.e; -,1btr':*; 'JL' J"-l
Af C4r. u* F
0Lsli;l.sIe, '#,-<-* oAb ;l,*'>t su, 6 tf 2ya:;tlyco.rL.:Jt--,1r
.tt-. 6Lrr,iJj, ,t:A-J) J 6)t ot*f l-l F-K- .1iJ*' M, J M, cJL- dr/-lJ) 'l.Jll

: (S,y ,F 9*l:6))-e
"-i'" )t 6) 'u'-'r M J5
M'=Msin0
M'=Mcos0

\lct slNA J ;S u;.f P;l'l-2Jr ,3,1'L;;:;l'a:'>szJy fl

dt-|.rL,..*i
jJti; b r,.:*; r":*;
J),r::;-;lJ-i, cJ-iU Cat J F2b ,-t'-f P P
: U :y .r-ol9 j1. oY .Lib

M cos9 M sin0. (\\n)

Q=ov+oH= Y*T
t*
t.r u:3g1-.

.9t& t sill s-NJ .st+b 4; ;:U c-.;.r-< f- o .$.:,

ir_9*to:Li:-,lo=Ob; ;l ol;ut;; rb. i:3; ua_*_. 6,1,

y cos0
- Zsin|
h^ /".
L r

y' = - 'tl $
c r, g 0 1
z
0 irl.ul t r:J;61-,11r,-r*S6.-.-lJt- !-r:-or..tL: jy lJrL,
ef i ern:b
t .+ V JJl. gl+,_llj Ltbl: c.JL ;,rl .1: .r:; ;b c-l oat-r 6JlajL^ ..t-i,t
:c-*l .;:Ii rl-9-t,;JL

Q ! ' = u_=!_u!
,cL
tgo
tW = -tg0 :.:^i!: t'l6y = /w,c'aSS\ C: e rL-tJl
f+tf d-f & P
iJUiJJ,'.,. -i_ tt:j tf , *q.c*l J,_J? a.f.:*l
,nlt "r::- rb ,-f ,, '-4 ,ll s
.e-l lryaJll s> rjJ> ;r /cr <(I -i:-+ luaJ lct ) ..^. ,,-t'
-il; -f 7LL ;t
Fl.r-:rlrl-r- eita :i;-r..i ,r,-r.-L e5, .=G .5L-1..,
r(\ \_O)..ftf:f .+y !
 dS n>V Jt-t t.{

:I:--^ r-t*,
. tEgg = ' Lr
e. )l o.rlir'lL.-url.r,
d0
do
o + : M . s ! ! 9'y * M : o s o z = o
d0= lua lct
L

s0=18=,#
.-t-irl: ,lrj j!_t )V t lti ;-r5"r; J C-ju>,,1r ta_s Jl-r_ 3 ,;5lr_ ,lrir
\ .-o JK-1 .-t:il{-r, iL.'l
,.r:...f ._6*Ju_ 5r l;J'f .;.r!.*^. ta_:; r5l_r_ d/_tJq
rJ,A:rr .t"-b 0 .ilr=i.t q + t: iy ytA )t r,:; .:l-,.; ,J5 tfU_,
Lp
Y. rJr- ,A; L1l;.1: j 5.r b-F rr!r-- :1)g.-r,-r 6,,rbb
-Jls 11.;.L
.$l.l jLole-.1r
,*-+ ..rLj,.-oLtTt t o:i +:.*..t|-e
F"r<* t*;--, s Sr*,rJ*; rrf.r -;r
Fl
.:, ,;
6-b .rzlr f.1r l I .'r:-55r.- c-.e I U;r .:=1-;j .
.r<t-, trrji lrLiJl r(I
\ \-0 JKj t.r r-."}; ,-h. Sf f .. Flr S-- 6ss y oJ; 3t+,1ALr6,J.zlll
c5J-.jj:;, 6l-ls-t t + 6 s6, s6r.>lr*x oJ-.!orlr ,-:,-L.,
JKj dr,-l;t .i:rl
JlrL ruj.J 4-a>-, y-rLL d.:*l 611r;4<j dr,l/:).:-l aS "z;-
;S
-rj^:t,JA:-- t+-:;;Jt.(.:*l
F -*.Jrt f b 6,ty.)t^>tg-rl 5,-.,rr iT;5t_r-

C. Olr + O,,

Mqrimqrn strese in dcct

(deck Gd96 q1 highcr
sirlc )

l,brirn-rn sttss in
(lonr Uee )

,rof orJt L1l; ,--,..-2 Lr* ,S F t.r: olr; f .- O;i

 ---------- r

I.o
u;,:So)lt

-sl6si .cI uil ,t;;jl c;t<-,:; .r3r Jrlg;e = \ -g-t! *-fj'>f,KJl-;

J.-L re: .
iStar;r d.lr+ irLg"- -r::t la;i !_l-* o.-t^.
a/_lrti 3 or,y jtcl6to."+,
1-r,
dl1Jl.srl:
-;2,-9: !L;;l g, r,.;S* s-ir, Lo;*irl.r.c-. tc_--:-/_+t<,1
.f;4,
u-'- x_I1g; i--;i,,1[L drJ.:,[i .tl;r, -r*i! .-f_l;+. y-.rLL !_,;,..u u;A,
J
:;>J'l a--t-.,
,r;'^Lr.t, ;td
a = 'l 'F*p, . 216,6, (\ Y-0)

1(e=') .r-;- '"'.-l|t; lu-']yr*i' L4:; r-u-:L

F 6Wt-, Jt r-lrt.
: tJ )' J^lF JlJt42i _r5l_r-r[L

a =,/Fl;4
s 4lC (:*,-!€=\ ..,,-:l-,r.l;L,*-..113')t t5
F.Sbt_ -St -JY-,j-h -,1:
:-r,_1,-r,
c,*_r,o" JAH)lJi-r, ti .j,
C"_ Ft-., Fl-r_ dl.(

d=6n+&u

A'4;--, 1t
ufr-t1 ?--r4 ,6, ,&s j,-)t.L \ \-O JKj
*. s,.';
dyl .-r*f ,Sr- -ll:;. iSL-l;j 1'orl-r ,.-. .n {--lJ
FJ<, \y_O
4'c-*l \ At V-*e rfo" g;[-t3; '_.,ljjl
.)lr;, _r y'JF.l-Jt- csl; ..rr:,-r, ,i-L;
jy.i)['.,1r 6.-*.1 -bV c.t-lqd..*.
;r,-l..--.l6x.t&u,?.s[,-r*--l-9 i-u.o.r.rLi
AH)lJL U--*J-Ja:*^ .n-i C ,rt
uS d-f o;l,i-;)"lr-J** d-:4;- dtr
Fl-t- 1 cJL- ;r'-l; ;:-S " ;f oA; ,Slr7 .:ritu,ju;l L.
6lj,l sjl-r.:JL;r
.rL-. rl ;f*<,- 6t^4iJj, .Wt-
-fl ,Sll.Ci))4, J el.r&; oL ..t_.1u, t1;
..lqtt ;t o-rri c*r ., L:.+
cr;^,-,ri:--^ c-11 ,-t,t5-,2 -kU_rrltes.1 _\.u-.^ JS,_,j4;
.ry .r.otr; .lL-(,- .n_r, I C-F L I f t_O
FU
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J. iLrU !r--, rJ-2;,.6Lr.-r:;5.i-a; Uh ,.6.:* ;t:* J-b ;_*€ 6S -b
.r:*l(Loorly_rU_
tafr ;u;L)
e+-J 6bj-f
'.y'io.sf+,g'j y t -A-A
rir
s,s dJ -bst f )-p;;f ,:*; il_* ydc*l S:_t e-fb,c\V_0 J#-,,r
6 t t -SC.-r-':bLji .ll j
L* y;,-l .;-'l :s,;,jllt,r -f S,b jt c-,.l rzs)t* o,-l
6J-,- .*t a--h;l orrll 2l tu--2V cs:l.rl-,! ;'r; .:*; La.-r:5.:,_/; jJ-jc- li
iJJ J'*' Jr,rt d)i cSSl-.:Juc r, jUj toor,.Sc_U i;
)1 :r J € ,A dl
jL:,t rtl-;+ rS*f; .5;J!
Lt'y;r_l J,--,-.r, JrK,_rh j.,1 rLa..r-S.i_i,- U
.tlJ ..-* I oJ-.!orl: d,_L.i \V-O J3 _,r Lar,:; .c-_l jl,uy;.r,.
els e,
a/-F-t+ b. j, o,brt 6r.-lr;(,- .5_ ! l, t+i Lro;LjJ* ,.r:rS.:L
C_.,t
.i)t- 6ltb" y_:te-..c-*l .Li.cl -..r;r rL-lj
" 6rU5rtr i:^, Cb b, Jlri, .J:Sd,

I Actual plate breadth I

l_-b__--i
Effective Effective
I breadth I r breadrh I
r-b.-l
-----------F--- l- b.--1
A A
Actual longitudinal direst stress
distribution acrossplate due ro
oending of beam

l d e a l i z e dl o n g i r u d i n adl i r e c t
stressdistribution acrossolate
bc

T T
udf::.ig c'l.f t uU,;,lrt:eii rv-o;(;

1- Eflective Breadth 2- Effective Width 3- Shear Lag

t tV ,;:.:lo)U

4i agl.,1Vlrrj,lor; o:b gf!_: t- J-r-r+ o,st' 1 d)U-.,1

,fl) c9kt5-r).jL;,
g
6 $ J -h rr b, crlyr 1 b y . x t U-J rtri. J,_t<?JS j Iy -r .r-f
C, e-*.;L*
.C.*l jr-9 ':-Li; t

G.Jt 'sj4:lS tStF ciLnt! ;'b .:; Wt s Lro-r5.i--l; d.r,ti^

J-t-i6rr,-y:f::i!
::.sk.a. :1i::t c )rt ,-t"r.rL-i; jl r,t-:,,
uj..l'-t
,F ou Li 6 ,St\ je,,_r(.:-)t I ,5;-)t olr:t 1it-, cJt- )t jut
)-*d .tJ .b.,1:JrLi ,i.ts Gf-dt;y*fvffi t&,-,..:-rl5ry'r,
6W:: gL; LtrU Jl;a4 $ j..Jlt+, .-r-.il..-i! ,r* L .rT.ijLi; 3.r:.orj[-l b
:,E f . x t Jl.t,i,'i ,-*. ,€|p ^Jlf Flr, -,1r..:-l olL c;L -,1)oJ-.1
-iJ,t5(1
g;rL; .rLii^, Li ,-s-*';Li r,_i1t fl.tU, u-l ,SD.lrr d.r.J:,.,it:ty2,u, o>1
1l o:la:-f U Ll ..:*l j-5; ,-)st i-tr r 1..--. -i| ,54,i-l- .c,*l o-ri-x,
;t-,;l
::-p: r-t-., tli ,tt;- d.r ?-p li.tl-l.f (\f-O) JJ,i

9"= 2 - 1
b p p ,
..'

p=+F
)3Jr.rd.5SUljtt u-\,t5.r:1c51+l -;i.St +,!-!,-, ett i ,S-&-tSWss
rJgl 6toJ*.(.: -,* u. {+t ! ,--l-h 6,} uilc;..4;l,r,r:-:..3 $1lr )lt Ja;*
.-r:tc-:5-.Es j-r1
laol5 -:.F S r;.:-,Vi r rj ? A4, :,f -f J)lL cl-r-,.r;*., ; l r-, .i_t4 -;r
.c.*l .p;.JrE Wr-r.r

teg.,ylUiat f-O-A

..:*l {31 i;L 6lra ol-i orb eit ,-,"U # r.l,il,i6l-oo;L,r*-il J-L,-
JUn Jl CVI I s x-l.l cr! tr:,| -lr i,s:2a1l>f ;J \ i r.l ,rr ,-:-; oLr

t-{?as0b Bending
 GSn VJpt ItA

.tt-{,-l a-t- ,(i.t: j| u"re y\.l5c,*p) Jrt-; 6la. E!;. J1-.

.i.-eLL dht;5.;: ..eJ;;, gt",S.,l-rl_,!c.,.; i 6,\ ,.,1>/,Jt#t-. s 6:i
.rL;l Jtritst*-,1:3 c.;lr;(,- :-t2;at.J-rht! 45,r,K.^ t..t;lo.r-l;
.rl:
JLa..
.6<5; .r)L- !* .1rJ )-F el ,t>f tu>_,- .,2,
b bi 6tpl ,.tl;;,r, .- * |
rlrf
..:-,1,--L. orL
$1,_l jtbli dt+:l-, l.r:,lrr ,_#.tt-, ..
,51-r- r P -U rL:i .-; JV 6,1r,.
: t, c*l JlJil J|rL 6

M=wLz _pbL2
12 12

,y i J* L r Laor5.- ...l'A
;* ,lS ,-e-eb , (=Pxb) ; J* r>t-e.,,rrU rtrlw
: L .-:-l llt i .h-1ot.(. -# jt.:Jt-.,1r..:-lt#o6.:<,

wLa
do = (\ 0-0)

i-t: j? ,;"y ij>\a i

P;:: .-rL-.| -eoJ,-i o)J rEQ irL c=-:-)l Jy-r, E 15
,tl Fy dJ. ,31423 tfr-- cStn:ti ;'U c-^; ..:*l ttL5r:--r ;::; 2U Jy
.t:- J-J : r-L, t"oi y_rLL .r,_!1511 t.olF slrs_iJ. 'F j.-[,6 y-:ti,

t6,$,,ryl,JijbJ. f-A-0

Jl1;,-l $+ J_* "r.:s jl '/V cSl"rtt J-rL rgi-,1-;e.r

.J,S gtl+-Jlitrt .:o.t
y .rl.r-,1|jorLi:-,| \_r t_I_rl
,"-l * 4sl.tLr-l- Sll,l: ,,:;u dr.")^t S.rJ-
: U .:-,1/t .Sj-Yl jl-n:\ r6t-F

P =
#et (\ri)
1z

, ;F,-/ $-S -htt i ,-plt J* 1y'lYJ-*, I r:-,1 ..,s|.J.rr i -;i Jrt t- S

drlr-L, t 6l+-lJ Jr)r/ p S=:-Yfr..a Jtt'q'Yr,.r, lrJjtJrd^il1 6trc.,1[-
.;.;lr 6;.;4'ir

1- Elastic Buckling 2- EulerBuckling Theory

t tt u;30)V

',*Si ggbtg f-0-0

,l cl*;r Jll-r:. 'b 6; S--,g,-,1-,'

6br! J ojL J )-* lgLart.l;
J t).e cStot! jl ;ti dt<, J"JJ ) !# jt-.
..ri-lil *>-cl t6.13x 6LrrU .;*l
I
u'-l-S2y?--1411ort'-..-.|
l...rJj s.rutq;'f; c-* ,.;L g!..1>1.r, .rL
6'F "f l-t-.,!P : ,tV jl-z r\Pr ..rt ?--t'.,,r .c-l n--t- "l,E
#
uSoa 6P = oa(A+bt)e-re'L p
& r, 6sF r-;; Uc.*lrrly ,lr4. .c.*l
t 1 Lro-e,S.:"ri
dr" ij.rti b rtoo-l;5c--_1,i;
F
!:>t .r A ,,6,rr>,_ L_;-
*
.c-*l jrr;-E;
:+t_,-/
A
-o P
d ' -^ =
Pr-P

:+U-'/ "i-lil M' o ! t^Jit -b-J ,s M o

o:;;.tt- -t

M'o=rt.ffi ( \v_0)

r cit- .r--lil .lt^. ;l .,;U ;; 6rr go.ll ;*;rLr or5c,u_J,r;J j.ts ss"/_t+
.r.l;
'.c--l
6,rrx cELn-,,!;l ;b ,is

o t o=ht rt r . . + + ) r # (\A-0)

-i? ey o-e){-o-r.5g.F &;- )ry71o_r:f.:,_ri; g|L d

&rtc-*;rLcA
jt+..1-:[L tl l-.,Ji -r,-!,c*,-t'L
,;; r.-t- _tl e=t -f+ ..-f .ti n,,f^a."6V:s
.)J*j 4^J_LL

rou.at t yjt* 0_0_0

r*,-1L:,..9tn.,! t- JJ*- j'b c*;.jL 'dlL.

cgLo-,,! -! 6l.r1"r<.j-)l JJ^;
g\p rur-u,-5rE
,!6 .1, jt--tl ?_-t'.i_.11 orL.-..l U .;L !r-- -pc)3r . rLr
i'---- JLi-l ,3J-r,!,;t c-i jJL5ba,r,1 rclL-ll ?--t' .r)J€
,.Lly

l- Combired Load 2- Magnitication Factor 3- Factor of Safety

 -----Vl

ttt u:30)V

',6-lt |.stib.rtlf-A-o

o1Vu-lp2r J1l-ri F 4; S-_6,rr^'.Jt"rt:JojL J. )-* lgLrrt*l;

J ,,e gbJ! il ;U it<.,r$ J F.lL-. .ri-Yt ,>.el t4;2jat 6LarU..:*l
I
u'-t32y ?--t';l orU:.''lu.tuJi.s,r-rl,! ,ji;.:^; ,..,,L g! .x>Ju. ,;l
6sF u'ol1.1l.P: FV jlrt t! Pe,rit ?--t';r .c-l a-L. ,I,O
#
u;:ioa 6P = oa(A+bt)'p-re,L & r, tS.tF r:; t c,*l 1ly.p ,ltj- .;-*l
t ; to.-r:,5,.:"-1i;J- ilrtj
b sLoo!;S.:,_t"
t*. C!- c--U- A ,,6,112,-L_;.
,,i-lild'o tdo ;lP ,9rr- -,\ jt l,)L Sf-t ot-i.*u.c.*t jr, ;,1;*;

:+t_./
6 -^ P
o -^ =
Pr-P

;-lSlM' o t b-rt L-1 2>M. u . .;.tl-

:{U-._.r,
-t

M'o=r.-ffi ( \v- 0)

.l cit_ u--lil.rL.-;l ;l; "1:; 6r-y;l c.*;rLc or.:fc-_/; : j:s.t)./_l+

,:;;
'.t>-l
6r3x cgLnt! rl ,-:b ,;s

obtat=*r*,.t+)rh (\^-0)

.i| e-e o-e){-o.r-.S.:.F C!;. )ry71 "-r5.:,_ri;

& & ;t c.*;rLcA d
jt+, 1:LL ti b Ji -r,-!,,*,-t'L ,;s rr-l^" jt
.rl L_f4 ...*,f .ri t ,J^a" 6W:s
.)F 4^J-Lc.

rgu,ourYib. a_0_0
r-,3L:. .ttn-'! t- JJ,-*, cSb:! ''b u "jt- '^-JlL.
-! 611"r*-)l J"l^;
fl-P r i.r-l;.-5, B rlr f .,,, jL:.t I ?--t'.i_ | ort ;--. I U .;L
.,1 ! **. -po13, . - L-

;"=^t JL.i-t ,*;*J.r,! -*: c-l;jf6Lar, -F cVtra l.,rL;Jl ?_-t' ;rJd

1- Combitrr,dLoad 2- Magnification Factor 3- Factor of Salety

 JS.r?V.)trl tl.

Jy cSLn-rtr
Flr';'b .-,*; r,__tLi
L5t-6"1L.1r J_9-- .JLi3'tl+lra .rrf C
;f € o-S -b.o t+i ":;tJ.Sl; \" I Lr.-r5sJir ui-r dt \ /y
u-id::; .F+, b r.rJ.1"I; .r,_ti1; J*:A, 6Ln.,,lrFl.r- -rjl- .:..,- ,.;t-
dI o:i *L. .r*-)l JJ-.r l,i .:JL _;r.-r,_L;.i,;LL t+i .1.:U,,s: xl;u,
.$-r d-5:Sy F_ttJ>.--._eLL ,_ts.:\.(+-)q_ "*:-)l
d; F
tdS-,\- cfJ."ryllrff e-t, LA-0

#*, q"; -2tfJ1.1.2 I o)y r*L. qiti 6La.;L ,Jtt (S,IJr.(=_r-A J.tS J.l-t
.rLa t+_,-r;[.oo-r5c._-rx+S j.(Y-0 .r:+) ul -JL ,: ;Sl;_r,
]-rb;;
tt 6 Fs' '#.lL-.r5l.r- ;l ,z{Mr rJ-tS.J<-:-\ ,\-, S t;r€ f|h

rJ-el";LJ;lr.r -.,! t ..rr::,-r)l j>:) jrilL t4;21-.J1":tt jt .:-;

'P
i>y;3r- rl 6;t- r<J-91
sgtal(i -;u -hU. d:-- ar,_l
.ttJr-l '5:-.,:5 14,
'i
3 ojL- ;1r J,L:r; c5t{ >1-1 (.s-Su. SWI ":-; rJy .S) 6,tp 6LnJ!
.;*.1 cr;;"r, .-i-rt .lU cStt+ F q 6"rrt<:.o orL .-r-__,2$
dl-i, rr1q J "bi-^
,"--&. )l f- ..llo-ui fl+t ;u-r .r.r.idrl+ ,-J,,U-,jit .,i-L; c-4a A-Vrt
oJ-i orl: ui_L"i \/L0 J3 -,,re.fc.*l trFt*
d^+r rd))i .gtoo;L CD|-f -f
: U c-*l -r,ly to"-r5.:Ui; s j_s14;ly.orrY .h-2- '-.c.*l
;!;;.rr1
oav
= o4u (, 7
A+brl,
;bt ' (\ q-0)
",
b rd-rJ J jr- 6U+. b, roJS &J,,ir ..:-U-, A ruJ^i 6sV u; o, 6
Cht C!-
,X jt_l 'fl:
.'>*l irt c,-Li;.t _9Lao.t;5.:"--9,i; ,f .e
,jV & P. l(;..r, rl.r-;ra r,-ytii_5 Lo.,L p;_, sS 111 s>c-,,.,U, d,r, t*^
Ju cr-:*; .lL, r;ft-t- r+,jl.i 6Lro;L:ast r/,)J.U tr:1,r, rd\&,,r:*si;.r,
. t-. orl:gji (/Lf-0).:.*; .;r eS.:lq-,o .n_i,l \:J!r,! p, U-;,t--,:

1- ElastoPlasticFesponse 2- Johnson Parabola

3- Average Col/apse Stress
tlt ,;J5t)V

r.0

0a

oo 0.6
or

0.4

o.2 r- { .r,"no<t<i

0
r.0 2.o
Sletdernels paramcter L .
L e l
R n
w
v?

tjy u;Ul,;-t trto,.f;

,*-f ,Jf :ct: Y-0-0

,, C,!-JJtlt<-:-l ,,si u. byr' i..21yLr.-r5.i--y; -,'l"i-.r" g-U, !-L, ;t ..,-1

6Lr.-r5.:,ri; 611.u.cy.a;-.Lyy g;La-,1U
,l-l .t,j.jr,jL.-,1-,,1 :-,1yJ,-ltor-,11-1 ylr.,
.!:--^,-d--p .tQ Vi Slt r"r!j o-t- o:iS6,14' j t 6 l,e c-| .: -.^-,oI
t tQ j tI
(ir-^,
rf-ri 6Vs:..r;-;b r53 *-J ,F '* .}.f-,J5. ,r;)t- g;Ws:
q-,'b-l-/9.-eL;'- dl{tJb el; 6.r::.-,r ;-tr.r:-.:. J L6,ft-r;lo:Lc-lL-U y
-h tt-r eL"J JJ^,.St-rr..ft-.St+.Ft", ;l;tli;ut r5.slo.r,i\:s! oii:,
-Jl :.:*l Jjl-u- ,L=* L^e+_JJJ*, ,s|,1'/_jU ,-iss ojsyl.rrS ort-o:-l
.!:.-.A I"CJ,JJJ^; c^:lE d,r-|4;1.;l::j.r-.,dt+Ul 611j416 6lu'ul,r'

J# r, ..li;t ;-Lror; d.r-iJ jti;t .tlr;.r, Lrils- dLA! ,, e*-J u;.:u

'r-J*tt.,.:-l
rr.li e, J--r:. i.25 tlr-a'. j4tJ 6!o..15.:"*/; ou o:l: ,-i-L; \ 1-0

1- Overall Grillage Fesponse

 JS s,V Jut lrt

In plane
forces

Panelbuckling
(longitudinalr def lected
between deep tran$erse
$ift€nersl

-
I
+
In plane I In plane
forces I forces
+

I
t I

I
,
Overallbuckling of grillage
(borh longitudinal and
transrrersestitf eners def lected )

e*J,.,-tJot ,, tl-o J<j

,cj$,>-trfu-;.r1i:5 F-1.-Jt-...rrjrat-Srt-, "i-t{,6A$ ,2, r1i d

_ \ a -
tit*
J:;L.f J,,ls J-l-t .{r"f Cf
Lr.r5.:"gi; ), ).-*.3
j
.:-,1 ,r+ -5tJ
j o: L cSV s.tr:JI .:* I y-4,11t1F;
615 t ; t-,' d i+ U l,-r : r',A t L^e+-J
4 !.q1p'f lf e*-J^lrt '?t-b 6tra2-v d-p cs.t &-.-u.,ur,.-r j*
r,S.p
6r!; rl-t'; J"lJ e+-J r5.:-l J;^, ,-r,t*,. it ,"-rt.c-l iyi ,i.ts
q-0
d)y o)L ,r.f \ &::.)l jl-n J! .(\ J'<-:) $t ci.f? J) ,e .;: 0.t5.:"ec;
:)J, $lJt ls sl-*t{^6l={;

o * = @# e f
gz ]6t'.t+r,*ftr,l (Y.-0)

1- Tripping 2- Web 3- Orthotropic Plate

t lr G!5.)U

: ;r;2.-,ot.>-l )rb.-r5.:,-i; rr'= O

P P.:-L-A, *
(-('
rx = 12 ''
bf
:r b ii t Js, o:: -i? 4;Le.-r\ Jr.b .r-5 -_p P P;rr .rt-, I, rf

A -('
YY=12 ',
af
v r rrl t Jab 6t .i! eU+,s).'" pt o-t5.:"*2i; ly r5
P P lJ) dL,
J* ,_;tvs.:Jt- -,1:dc,*l 4Vre rll^; m l (rit ,Slt , tY)'urt-t* ?--t'
2lri.o", rlrL Jil.r- .rrr5l-r- SD.41,l trt (x
t!-; .}5_.,r c.a2.,2:)
L nJA
m-E
IX

1r 6.r,-! cdlJ m 6ll ep ).rr crl ;rS.^, {.Jl :t}C;lj or|L-l rr_2,

.1,-i.:-1,o", .pt.r-- Jl$, b s:- "/sJ.-r,-! ii jt .r+; b g- slJu-\.>r3.a ;,-l

..:,-l t",t "!U; .*-\- S::.)l JJ; g!1 i, cs,
tiq '
"_5orlr \ i, oJ::5..:,-
- " * iY
r zE- L_ q .;r ,rSc.-lu ..:?,:i ;;L.5 ?;.9_J.*_i

rSb&i;-,,11 +'T' ,Jt+lj;, ,:.y-.ri*{-i'i+3J. {, c; t{rTust ,*L.

ffi;i 6$rt s1Jr5;,.-rSrr,5@-[|-,,r (Lrr;.r F) i,ul.u
Jrb Vs>J n :" rt LaoJ5,*,j J i r-t' S t, S"--j gQ "rl-tr;59 !r-^, ;;
-
.J,t, "#tf .-rf c--,c.t.fr.Sr -9:l-.,i
r.r-9.r,

o.#gn s5taojLr \-a

ry;,Li.,, t-l .$l;.,, /i l'^.J:s.:,_F il-* * L;i Vrs r.ri j54;t(:u.i.,r

Cb
.r.*i ,isS )l J &j-. i*i rSLn-,tlc.-; c;_t<S ! j:l
;,r_l.,1r..:-,1 .:-..-.olJl-- o.l,;l-9
.(Y.-0 J<-:,).:*l 't'-f J J-p 6l.oolu5.:"_F t.-r-i )1J=.r

\\irl J4t l-L0

tits 6-s-Fy bXt c5kK..r:J"K5h 5a-6.Jt6,t<,.r::--r)jly "ri:-)trU,

1- Poissons Fafio 2- Web 3 - Flange

* Tripping Bracket 5- TertiaryStructures 6 - Plate Bending
 ',t V Jtrt lf t
iS

1 Flat plate - initial yield (small deflection)

1 Flat plate - inirial yield (largedeflection)
3 Flat plate - plastic hingeon centre line
4 Ftat plate - membranetention = 3 o,
Platewith initial nrer3 free def lection
^ tE
: Jz = 02 thenyield
o o,
6 E =
Pf"t" with permanentn, I J 02 then yield
D O ,
q t c
7 Plarewrth permanentn ! ,F- : 02 then yi€ld
b o "
O O
E =

Note: For curves l-6 the plate edg€! are

3 F assumedclamped agninst pull in as
^' 6
well as agsinrt rotatbn.
Curve 7 is from experimentaldara
wirh edg$ lree to slade

i.o 2.o 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

BreadthParame*,?Jz
or' c.n C)rb1JS-'r ,sV.jWslu! t'-o ;fu

jrlo Jp el2l>.5)t! 6W:sJ$tStt o-ti'-"'r' S4-rt-1or''1orl:ePt

o-rr-:
dlylj y ;:Si;V1: 155..-)t.S+t'ISSK, ".- 6,lt'.(-sle-f 1l1st
.:L- 'rL; ,x-i d
J )-f 6bJ! ,;i; .:-; tuz,; il ';U db'i"'i Flo
::! .:*lJt t^"J ity .11>f u;-f \ it

ob=
i,*r ( Y\ S )

.:Jt- -,1rou f -t dt<, r:iu s t:ild ito;l i.,;l t*! &

Jo-.rr. 95lt- uz: ;t l

Pbl
d =
384 D
tro s:5ojL

.c.*l(r)-/ 6V,lY)J-rly,?--t'v,,D= .-if ; 6

r.:*. ./VOt b "/-StS.# Glt'*-1JSK, #'Lf)
.i)t.- 4;1r4.,>*l
:;lJi.r-! lrf o'+t<. * tSu- I .rrt-,-r;.5 is: ss';-L:i, 61n1,;,.r.f--r
r) u:;; J r:iL- "i_lil j.;-r tiss J. )_f c5b.r! "i_lil tr .rr UJ
.-[-: ,4
..tga ,I; ,*-X- +, )l '6t ,fr .J4)6.,.t-r-i cE:t+-r- I ..9.,.1jl
J-l#*;
J.:dd$-u; {it*;lt ;y€ djrE1 iss st!-, d.)J.6ll,-1.* r-j 4;t4;-e;l ory

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3- lnertialReaction
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CP

1- Straight Line Stabil'rty 2- Directional Stebi|Lff

3- Positional Motion StabilitY 1- confrols Fixd
5- Controls Working
 JS s,VJt-t to.

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q l.xs lil tir*-
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: ,l r,;rLe N 1Y r X .-r_l-tt1.t;_*'l e; .f f 6trr,=c,. jl ..f.:b ctst'
X = F , ( L t ,v , i t , i , r p , i l t )
Y = F v ( L t , v , i t , i , r l t , r l ,) (?-?)
N = F r l ( t t , v , [ t , v , t p , r l ,)

P S* tSV.tV Jg a1"i-_q ?-2 L'\il *Sr-.i)rL. r.rr.;1ic,*.r,6ly

.ciL- c-:
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xt 6-t; _,, Cb -,,|rL r r..r.L lu--gxl -u.:Lx ,l "r,ol;J> rlri. -,1r..riot -....,
: rrJ..rl,y Jj Jste q Jjli../

r(x)=r(x,)* axff .* ....+!r'!J!L * . (vat)

#+
s:-l o-t^l .:r,gt^r;.r e5rx elai;.1.rgbrh.i,:f(X)
il-rtr
x = xr iti; r,
Cb rlri, :f(x1)
6x= X- Xr

X = X r r ) 6 b ; l nj r r = { 4
df
..("t,f (vat) iJrL..,1:.ri c;)t 6vlj.r-:t &JS jtS.rt.ut u6x,t$. Jl
-l t:f lsy; irL rsV s,tS ,btr-lai
: rl:;;lj o.rLp- ;l il;u, 1 >y 'rsls;

t(x)=t(x)t4ry (vb-t)
 GS',V Jpt lol

.2rf(x)dl.r Cb d--p t ,F irl* 5,- (Vb-t) iJ>t- rS)-r't o-r"rY-PJ# r:

i.r.i .5.;-5L1.:-,lx lti;
(Vb-t) iJrL,.r;jrr, -&-tt 6;lt )lrL, e1d,.,1lri-
.r_r-d o+.U (Va-t) d:t^, rb J*,
o;;tr r- lrL LF rY:x 6la;.2 t: .r.l-J) Ctt &lrl* \ F,F
c-l y-2 up;

t(x, y)=f(xr, y) +6, . u, (vc-t)

ry %L
c.r! t+i csitr cst+ly.1l.lrJ.Ja:iJ.o tt si!.+-'5 jt5i.,,l.r;t t !-trdy s6,6
.rrF crt -L,.,1r 6:!; 61b
c.,):L-, Gjl-;ht bty Jt;.-, --t' ,S C* r-r.'i o:l: Sb S 2:bb
6f cSJlJ,-!,i)J.t d:.-, ;11rS.:-tr ..iz '>l;s i>-r ,f -f ,SaiS r;f u.
c-! .-<"-t 6^t!bl 6 :-r,l Cb gG." 6r-,g:l.l-! 6lr.7 r.:-l ,6jL
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r-l J<J
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| ,r: o; j:..,) yj J# +.r;li € (2-f .i)rL, i)Y csi vc-PeJrL,

AY
Y = F, (ut, vr, itr, ir, 9r, tt) + (u- ur)-
au
+ ( v - 0 X + . . . . * ( 9t. r-, ). -ot|d y (/-.r)
\allUrL;.:Jl- i.u.or..rL:;t
JrL;.:.Jt- f ,J-F.il,i;^i r.l.f1 c,*l ,-,-.1i
Ji,S
c.;rLr 'Sr- g.rl-u-!,-/)J e\ 4sl J:t; c,Jt- 5l"ri il..stJ,S e-L,
-,,1
=
dr.r+-.!. u = vr = ttt.,= {r O ;,,"ltq rriti r:r.r-, .1ri p;:*. ti rr'zS-tz
ta;i -,11
t-tfJ.L_f ljt, P 6f (I::*r ..11U:.xz
i^i- t'.;: tr,_r:s -51S
ar -p
:l-r-- r5 Lr'-l^;S 1r r.-I^Lr d/"1{.Jl .ly .tolf tt-." tllta -f vr ,.,,-l-llf t$rrr
J5rr. dt;1: .-12 .i-.;r l4i 6bclly ASd-lt jS:) L-J c,-l :j trLi-br;l3y
AY = AY =
,Jl -,1rdlra r# 0,r5*iJr,.r:i Jl i,-1, o-t-: c;J..Jrtrt rU Ur ..-.-* ?
d.,
q -l-r./S t--l A uy t-1t.iL::.t
.-#- .j+ J ttls d-f 6si tt 6ptt,:b
Jli dr -r-: t b I r 6 f J r L; .:J t-.,lr'l"Jttt ;S Jr L-g .-r,-i; t -t+lY
fJ:*.
Fr(u, , v1 , ur ,i, ,.ltr,rlr) at"t4r-r-Sjl ;ti r'rS>r;rdbY t'sV4f 4lsi
V ,;-- ;S ,>ot l. ,11. s ;"- -AUL? iJrL, -,1ru1 $ .-t-\ -p llta ;;--l1
: .r,L,7 4 ti o; e.a:.LPiJrL, iy eVCj*orL L '.:-l

v =dv! v *dvy n *dv{ + * *dvo (qa-r)

' ':57- ,JlJ ..rt^.t' J-* $y S\ -h ! -u 6ti.-+j c,+ q.,

;tj
'.
)1.4a JrrtJt JtV

x=4tt 9 ! a r * 4 r . j l ' at*x r . a xtl " (qD-t)

Au au dv o, fr w
N =
aNv*9fl*!-v.*,1 (qc-t)
dl dV dtP o,!

,hf k 4.rtna;1.;l:')r-,,#r# , # ,#.5bd.', jy c,,)r[^'.;r'5

'^-i- li -iJh, r:'Jl tJ::"r
r.iJl!-r: dJt:i; YZ I + trd::si fl lJilrrr rP

1- lnitial Equilibrium 2- Surging 3- Yawing

 Gltn VJt-t lot

jS b! r..... rJry rrjUr,tBy

J<- ,,U. ;-l c,*.1 eat+L. r5,rbLo) il

,ur+l xa--e.
Je.,;',#, # -" . r,L jrJa
#, # #, # r.r rS,-r ;r.(c.*|
:F,J..|,,-.tly; eJrL, r,b iJ.:t- #_tl{ .(>Q'a-,;4 ! c*; dJUj

x=#i,*i.{-ou (qd_r)
4s
6u=u-ut

t,elooI b9;i djttrro f_f_l

.f-U Atrr 6sfsztzi t'Xc

:11r;rLr \SNAMEL .y; o_r; rt"g*, .5:lr;lj

.^j)\r

*dl)= * ; ' . *av= r ,

\.rl'= i : rp = ( . 6J- 6tl o::+-,r t.:lui*.,
;rJ -S-, Slt-J, rr:aa {, J
.i)rL, r 0-2 .i):L, -2rl-i .i):L, cSJUI_b orf."- .l
s6e-ytLJ ,.,a" ;r,-l-,11
:ry -uolt; ls.l-f c 'r^b
"pl .s>S4-.iLa:; oKlr-, _)t,SJ-
Jh-t
-Xu(u-ur)+(A-Xr)t=0

- Y , v + ( A - Y , n - ( y , - A u , )r _ y ; i = 0
(\._t)
-Nrv - N;,i - N,r + (lr- N) i = 0

iJ.rL,.;r {<JL J) r.Ji.::---r

t-*r i. Slt lr (\ ._l c.,)rt-) J1l lJrt- jr .i)\*7 L.o
.,;9r.; oY:L.6c,*.1 .*i-,,,I+lJ^r;) .Ju:...orlL, -r{cSl-llr .i)\^-.- L
l-
rcr-i sff515 )lf ,,,1-lJdr.!;j
e L3V2i!*:- / .rt-, iJ:t- -1 t, V, ,rS-+
t $
: r:-ilr orU- .lr.;-f
f-"lf dXr.Sll

A'= v'=L , l'r:-Jt -

plz L3 v plz L'
, , = ,vL i' = iLz Y', =
Y':
Y'- = Y'
w pl? L'V plz L3V
t- Swq rF - Society of Nailal Architecturesand Marine Engineers
2- Dimension
too dlt )iu

Nv & y,.= Y;, y,i: Yi

N'v=- , N,,= .
pl2 L" V pl2 L4 v pl2 L3 pl2 La
Nt
N't=-Nt , N'i=
pl2 L4 pl2 Ls

stk (\ .-P .i)rL.) ;y, d:t- JJI il-? J) -r.{ tti-u .fii .JE ,..r1.1"r
t d/-lJq
: il

1 "v ' , ' l t tf = N ' , v '

l ' ! ^ = (pl2- L3
pl2 L3 tf

#r=(+;"#)=N'ti'
.sj tlt orLi.:-,lt)-f 6-f d$ -, )r .bir- (surge)JJ,b67 iJ:l-,;lJl
: .r:r-i.r, c*-r 1.;.',1.iirL,

- Y'rv' + (A' - Y'r) i' - (Y', - A') f' - Y'ii' = 0

- N'r v' - N'r i' - N'r f' + (l', - N';) i' = 0 (\ \-t)

.i)rL- t .ri L5t+jlLri)l ,F- (\ \-t) .:irt- rrrg-;n .i.)\r;l ort6-l

\.-f -,2:
'y:,.
Sll 6 l-rz ',J.->J .ii- (\ \-2) .:).rt- J) ur 6 ,-r,-/ o!-) oJ>\! .\:rl
'i= 't '(3;5'iuL::;l
LyU--r ,'>-l utf 6t'oc-."{;l l-r* rl-r.e..,5-Y';-,1lrr,dc.iailJ
;r'-l}Vu.
n.:..,l ;i ,tr; 6 -u -r.ot; o:lr Y-f-t .L3 .tt) >-r d or-b I s:V 7r
3,.;'y
./U-i dlJ ;.r) eU) .g-l rjul lf l_r* i
r:-rr oL: d.- d,,,-l.(,.:-l , c..
j j* r^l;3l Jl=...1r
.:*l.Ja;r;.1.1,./S -.rrf lfi 'tJlev ,.--.+c!..r:l:
.r-! jULl..:'le_ti ,t-l Jl- r, 1).rLl isf oJ-i {i|jl ily-. oJ,-J,g,,-l6
6
,,b-,1.r.:*l JL, -,r t' ,P; yti jl ;V 6,-r(,1--:-1;.r.a 6ti S{-Jl).-,.).

.lf-. N'; ?i d,r:*an .(o*l \ . iJ:Lr.,;r Y; v rLry ;-r^,'t+, .f-l J tf oS

.ri-i,! a:-il.: ..r1h;yzi^i-a t' c.-.; r.r-L-St * {.i5 6JJ"LJL.6 )-r-€.J:aU djt+,
.85,J -F tlt -F N'; sY'i 6VtV

1- Prime Notation 2- Virtual Mass 3- Added Mass

I
I
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.:)rt^,
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cst+t-.,, b1;* 3-r:-rrtlL,:;+Srf dt.;l \ \_t U-\ ,_? .gs"-.ilrt . c__l-,1c,*"..;r
c^{> Jr "b ,"ili.J-:...ir ..Jl.jt ctJ (JF.J,_LI
F_r l) ,.,r1(_F*jt ,,;U
Ya .da L c,*l Al I c,*l dt(- L_.;i
,:-:S ,tr ft;r o$ 4i esi ry
: 5 N6dprlc,*l.irl-cz ,r^-Jr-JlS-u;r-';l;U dt-, ;* i;S'r(LrJ,53)
st-.:LJ) o-t.i
ill dt+tS- OttS,1lxz'r-.ie..r \:-j .,rl(- r:;-.,--rU ,a"
)-r'/ oJ -b:t \- (1.-.7 i* +.u:;rz
. t-'- -A(dp).tK- 'F-* y
i"-r! q .- : i 1N crt;- ;-, y5
ts Jfu : .eN6

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.$r,,/ "i-lillt ;:3 u>g
'-;l .5--
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r,Y', -uiL Gt;- "y-)6,.r-l;h 'ri---o J..lr:r,jti crt(- r,31,-*-fi &-f dt"l-ri q:;
edp ,r-rU, -&-t Slt 6 t:-r.l gS : x>Je r-L, dn = 0 J) N', J Y', r N',

,-i-:.3F q qt !,J31.u. 6,lau;-:S 6,lt' iE:"-r .sL'/ .-llr c+U'iy y-:li.

. N ' i = 0 J Y ' ; = Q 1 r ' ' - Jl +
jl ;b.Jl+t-, sla'.i CJ -.l.l1..:5-,r-.:):L, sig '>l4S 1.+i q

: ry -r:-olr; Jj qi.t jt<-

'F*
fr', i' - N', v' - N', r : N'dda \ ;rfJV
L', i - Y', v' - (Y'r- A) r' = Y'6dntJrL.51; (\Y-2)
: jj .i)rL, rr e5
- Ni= /l'
I n'' = l''
{
[A'y = L' - Y'i= 2L'

.Ff J -f g.,,|-L-!dsJ. tSll. iy.i).rL. orle-.'l lr.; r'r- 6il- ' i -,1:
-,11
jy .i)rt- rll:
jl 6>v
6l:l;
.rr.r1i \tr! SD .$J $l.1,- ..,1j d*r r-r3,
.r;,-ei.:;r o Captive Model Test jJJ.2l orLi:-l q }i b +lt- i^r 6.:-l
1,-r)
..r.i.;lr:,73 it +lri r-l-., Clt. | 6tf 6Vs:41

'gqt3
Jjrfq \g;la,-g92p ta;> f-l
oe5lf.{tg.gt{,atLi t-f-1

-e:-; J.olg k ;tS J J-p 6)- c.,YrL, )- tlU;.)bt " .,11 rrLa;-l U

6,ta-a;V b ol:.;lj e/)J:.ry l+i r!-;l..rLL-lt b 5J.- g.,ll-r,-!

rS-rl.r,-t, iliC
u:f u.;"*

1- Moment (Yaw) 2- Force (Sway) 3- SteadyTurning

4- CoursekeepingAnd Controls- Fixed Stability 5- Stebilitylderles
 J:t n?V \)rrt toA

6l-;lr r5.u:--,o.:.q11J-11.-.-,1r
ri";li-: lJrt-1: lJ:.n: ui_L.i ((\ y_i).i)r[-
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.i;;Lr .li ,-t--r5.r,o:.r, rq.:J
i.tr e.;r "f-;l-r.-.1 iJrl- .-i- (v' Jr' tSlJjy .:!rt-
. .t - |

v' = Vt eo'l + V2 gozt (\r-r)

f' = Rt eott + R2 gozt

oz Jor J ,Sr-SJl-l'Jl ,Sk+ti Rz I R, s V2 . V1 *:*l r.rr .lL.o e =y/V\A rj

i
JtW-f L'ly6:y2,,rr oJr-r.(.:-IrtL;t) *-"+ -,.^lc9t,Ir156.,I-r,-!6ta--tj

,-- 6 u*.;rr_.t,.-t5r, b;"-.',Lr.t.tL.,;.::jJUr'3v' tljL po 5> -r,u

,_$i;,r I c.JL- i-r:rr .tL:; *-lt I
dr,,-l ry J.olr; -rJ-l? Sr-L_t* ,r-S
Fi:^J rr
.lL; c;jS! I' JV' r-L-:,L+2to2 l-o, Jt. t-;.- L; )).S-,,1.1_!u:,,- s,>*ly-?
.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-l
;,5*.J J-: $llij €;.^, rrs cJl.;t b ,5_ J-C , -r+t_f ,i_gl
f.it*.
.riJ- (.ilFld;J, rtl(- !);t, ;;* -Jt-,r "r:-s
.i)rL, J.: L5JU,_I? .iln:^:- -l (\Y-t) ;irL. rr (o) ,5rl r,_!,-5k-r;tj .x !F-,1
U-lSl.-r,i.r.olr; \:J-L (\ \-t).:)rL..,r (\y-p) *,).rl- J-.SJfj<,_t? t (\ \_t)
'.u--'-rx_i \:J-Lo
u. 6V l1o'^+:> 6* il:L- .(- r:y' 3t+;l ,.f-r
Ao2+Bo+C=0

:e5
A = o'z L'y
B = - t 7 ' z Y ' v- L y N ' r
c : Y' , N" - (Y', - A') N'u
Lrr-i_.rd/-l.$tt _r-:, c4tj JFtt UrlJ,_! b rr-iL .rc". "r,_!(\ f_t) iJrt , i-;1r
:rl r;rLr

ot,z=W ( \ fa-2;

t _; d o.r,-r( \ l-P ) iJ: L, ; | 5,' -.1 o 2 1

+ tSaS g ) $. 6trt t o 1 6 r_;i ; o-rr-r

1- Straighl Line Stabitity

l
rol 6st7u

i J )U.JolJt .)llJ 6l-u-u=$Lt ,-ra-.>'tc ,9-o1 Jl ;w}t.l.rj jl q .5

;L;
'+tt
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t.g)f,!-q)qp Y-f-\

'. '>ulo2 jl* \ fa-t oJL,

)or o>-t|,un:. 6111bf S, iJ:s

"l-i J' * ' 0.,-,-r-r-!;.-i.r-rrf, t.-;rr

f, :l Frtl * l'- *l'',-'.,r.'1
.:y J.olf .:-:, r-.i---oo y-rtn 1l f- r.rjt Lr;, U-c-+ i oli> s )t JolJt

y1 oli;i.*f,,
lr,nt,r c-i eqc.ao2 -q ,*-* Jr ..r;u .- .f-!f, t:
2I F- ..,,-*,
y-.:t-o-. +f,/.; L-o.esjr
! P *, ft ,' - r, -p -S| -8" r Ir .,,S.ru'>Li
.)t -[^lJt i.:-.o

C ;1B cA oSt+i, I ..r:^:L.:^i ;--t1 ^<r-',' s, k c5.,|-r,-l.i

L'-lf J,-lJ\
i, f,
ll*r
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"lsd"i J,l)e 6 J,-lc\ .$-r d p-i.l Jc 1l o:tq:-'l! r^, .:lrL,
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. (Kempf 1944) ,)-16. o.ul;
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1- Autopilot 2- Helmsman
3- Director ReversedSpiral 4- Zigzag Maneuver
5- Turning 6- ControlEffectiveness
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TIXE IN XIIIUTES

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itl lrJiR.rL<- L1t;;l *>r rr.l*i.rU;ti.SLa +t-.f .,,r-l|,;l1
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T ' r T ' z i ' + ( T ' 1+ T ' 2 ) i + f ' = K ' 6 s + K ' T ' r i ' a

T ' r T ' z V ' + ( T ' 1+ T ' 2 )v ' + v ' = K ' r 6 a+ K ' r T ' q 6 ' x ( \Lt)

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1- Course Stability
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D o 2 V 2
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(N'v = 0)
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+r!o
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&- ti t- (S*T') *iyq J .#t! ,.., .5rl-r,_i1 l. jt;u, ts elr ;r_tJl- ,r
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f,
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l- Nonbin and Nomoto, 196g

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t_lU4 6,11;471"-y5 6:tr JL::j-ry .tj'l;f o:tq;-l 4y l^us Jts

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(Nomoto1966),K' - T' 2ltr; lv-lJ<j

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: tr .t JlLr--yu:-:5.r5)Lt d"r,t-i^
.:-Jti qj y ra ttl;u, rJ;J,-lJ oa;\r;;S _S:L-l +f.r,f^Lo..ti;rl: j-:5
.r+ju r-ttt..'i gi: atV [-1irt(_
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;r_l s )f ,J o>4rs5.r_r-e .gLoo;l.ll

1- Frea- RunningModel Maneuver

2- StandardTriats
3- Anafsts of Turning Abitity
4- StoppingManeuver
5- Advance 6- Transfer

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Sign of. the

oenvattves
Derivative for ships
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or neoatiae
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Y,S , or negative
always posltlve
A' arways posltlve

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= Z .5lrfr rS.JY . Ltor t pl YY JJt l, {i:S.J,- rf "r-rrr,,JL:J Yf-P Ji<.!
f
J, ,f f 1l J.r:.6d r>..1.r\A. sr.Li: t i"-F-.1r b rf ,=.-, .l*l.;rli rr!,1
+

t- Dorddson,19+f 2- Shibe
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lulrDc olrctft / LENCtx

FX 7€,rt: ;t,-r. u,.r;5 rr-1J<j

r:;1lr.rL; .iir Y q jF+ = 4 t,r::5 iL, F-, i -h :l.L-; .Jlt t>o ) 1r>
+ 2e,
.c*l gj) Ji ,iiV 6)s.g;r;qi:1.r--,;1
>sy | \ b-t J * t u. .+i
J.C, a j til. 'F.,+
usrq fl l-l-r" 6,1y.
fi U-,. uAi t_rU
e\ ":.Ai L1l; i-t-
i-L. 2>6 urr-
(rr-rJ Yf-t J,*, +,.4i ! .5 -tjt? uit- ,:,rK Jer
"f_q $;,-/llj o:[i:-l
'!'1.'r
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dkh,.;; !- J ;--Ujl ,f -t> ss.;=r)dl.6h,.:; ! ,lp tup;r! 6t_tr ,-t-_\
;f :lt orli:-l \y d:,3)ut J-;5 tt.lr;l6rl;i

Jli:. c'llib Y-l

6_rt r.;l:.;lj./i.r).S(",LL U-"#)
i.,;ly-.r ,S-&-te...t I ;S S,r,t<-
,irQrj-2-r..r r"it C".+ .::JC:Q.,-|1r Cr-l..,:t;t-i .:-..^";1i jlJi^i o--J.,J
lrrJt4;i ;rL."; e^rL I ..U F-.ri- ! ;*9 b jl u+ .r-r^i.(,-ry ,. r, .t;li;ut
..riUr,.:.-,l'#-r * cS:l_rS ,-J,ol- u ;;.5 6,.rq?tJrr, &-trU .:-ldrS-, t-
.-xsr*t
; or-1 jS c q -ilrJal .,1r,-r(-Qrjt..r=^ tS F --r U ,p € -j
rr.ri-i o.r-5 '*1. tl d/-l ..r.itt r-:lr ;-:f 2jV st 6lda-){, ,!,U crtli, $li,.r.
f-i F c-rq.S,vf'lsquat o!-! ;r'-lu..:1)g yi Fl+ ;S r.t' a.,*
6f .r-r t'.7i -2:r5.11tJ &'-tSlltt ,!t:" Cr-|q[./-l+ ;E .ssJa , ,-F
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.-iS "b )5 )t .i ,-*-ltl7. t . ;t -*,,t]-y,/ .r.5.r,

O REPR€sENl €oUAL
ELAPS€O TtME ITTERVALS
oF ASOur 2. sEcs.l2 SHtP
LENGTHS oF TRAv€L AT THE
APPROACHSPEEDI

TO
rl I ^ !
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to;

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Waves

,Vf Jstr,.-ri.i!: 6 >-r./ oroL! ,€g.,.JU, b y'fl6f {5.r,t<r.r

J<-. b t+i.lr f .:iJrg; ili,gJ r:..^.r ,-*-f j.--.1.Jtirldlt dbl,

oy-lr .(,- t .i-rt 6* tt Vi .* U-: u J P _)t 6,) )4e Lrh; bV j jl .:*,t
[r
6,l2ls'>2s..a:'_l:,:lyj Jr)J; P. el:.JlJr" +J, OJ.;l.r,l-, &f Lri4 S--U_
u-F .t-y. ' .";j r r)U ,L:.i J dri-! tl-i .*b
f+tf Cyf t'ey CE lj t)
tJ:;;7Ot )S; 6.'ao L_6lorr_11 6-*.1r c.,!5 r3_l;l .:*;1Lr rS-! Jk-t
*,i olr! 5J.-: .,Sil. .r,-U..:*l L; .r;:3-e 'Ff 0'-li-.;4 &t-b.
CJ, dt{.?ti
s.{-? J) .-/-t?..tl*6,rlt/- Ctf _t-lty' tr r$f r.r-5; up 11lglor4l>-r..--.1,-iijr
:U .:*l JIJ ii )IJLJ ")t 53 jS) l.*;-t+t2 g,,-1..:-ilr Jr.olF
C-f -,rLi;rl
2
= 'T
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Displacemen, ( \- v )

..:-,1.:*ltct 6- Lfrl6* t" ey J-b :t.:-;rLr 1."rf JL- 2r

r-;jr rrll r:iL_r-r; GerstnerLi 6 oJl{_fti Vf t9:-F # A.rra U-
o-ti o:lr .,;,-L;\ -v J<j 1: Jlrj;Sj; Vr 6r.,IfJ<, .-;f e.,;lj o:l"c-l
,_--b 4i1; rJ:-"11:
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1 - Wava Crest 2- Wave Hollow 3- Wave Length

4 - WaveHeight 5 - Trochoidal Wave Theory
 F,.fUr ,)yt ttf

O I R E C I I OO
N F WAVEAOVANC€

I sIILL
l- wrren
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+
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rl-r+r,
'ri rslJt JJr b6-r
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;l c,*;rLr p ,t-1.,.:-l ol-i orl: rtls y-V J,*, :t q-fsj.i_
rf ;-^-;
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rj-9frj.i_ L-u,r r-v J<J

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'?- rcy rfi: d.,r-;.rL d.:*l ;t'-l i--W J- '1, ..:-l '-c=^; ,(-L'-:1;-tp
1l tet Jl(;t-/-L .5 ,Pt \.# J.r"5:Utlt 12,u-yrSu- ,r:*
€ Vr
li:-d J-<-:rd_r+ ts\4-r ,r.S jf (+) J 6t-h:l-z'-)
A.,S'-Cll.>-t-,-L-r* b.rrLt d/-.L?eSc.*|;j),6.113r"+e-r* t-b y
:rrS.lta b y..16lL; ,tlyg ,$'/ '=S;>x .t1n rl.r;,.1.,1rr5orL
'eJ,V
L-gl 6 r.:-'l l"
Clr .lL-:f
i..4.? J) b gf -P I Cb -1, .,.t .t;)l e-f J*
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CUJt ,So, ;U;eJ-alt e-f
.J-SLt
tCt
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Vl
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C-f LWie*
...(iyJLn Cy &-Lb ylr,;:
.ey ' ;.aj ti 6i-- rcy.o:l.S'-rl-r' 6r':-l +'l> ee
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f I 6.l,
..-'+ 1 j\1: tsrt a
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:rl: ,5-L; ;r;7 ;tlj6\(E) ar e Cy &" C!- 4-f .r ..rt'(,
( = 6r cos (Kx - ri-) (Y-V)

ctt. Ctyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.l,-.r!r r-v J<J

Cy Lti,fll gr J* 7:*

t - Wavaqpeod (Celertty) 2- Sfeapnass ratio

 G''Sn?V Jr4t rtt

:c.*.1 tC-t, )J, K rf

Jt--1r

K=* (r-v)
2: u$;> 6U.fy Y-V rJ.rL,.-t ,So',.rt1!.lL-;tJ Lax
)_rH LgJJc.sir.,x
.Sr./,-lLS.:-,Ll x sF c_! g,+:.
:i.*i.i Jlicls tt 4ls: !: j! d.r-brtr! or

L *= 2 n+ - D.641
cw (f -v)
g

Cy 6lr-.oJ\.m/s,y.--. J C * J 1 1 7 n l m / s 2F;: L : g , - i , - J\"

:r^! 5r .;

L. = 2nR (0-v)

.c*1"::I; ir,_lr R
Lt,*i <(Jl-;:
:L-r.j iligl-, fi ^b.t:(_f cc;r- 611

c*=+=,/+- 1.2s,/Ln (?-v)

tgr :tt clll

f = += 2o C* =,tr2nL* (V-V)
v w g g

:Vr eSl cta

2
ar= -=
n so
T c * (^-v)

t(Jl$rttj o.,!y' \L,-er

Q-f i\

c=ra= (q-v)
ff
gr-led,sL -,T
a!- r, .g.1ri.r5+J jZArlti U-.;t-r,
Lb ;r \a.-rrL, r rl(.Jb .rr

: 7- WaveNumber

I
II
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I I cw Lr) x

g T r 2Ifcyr 2ltg 2rl

W A V E L E N G T HL r : I cwT I
2Tt I :,rrt x

W A V EP E R I O D T
I ffiT I
2 T[cw 2T[ 2rr'
Cy f; v GI /9x

W A V ES P E E D cy
I frr gT
I I fs
tl -
T Y ztr 2tl UJ l x
clRcuLAR
FREOUE
NCY
u) Xcw
tzr:s
l r
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rn
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u) 21r /.T[l I 0Jr
I
Cg T ;7 c12 I

lllrl (-v
Cy cVt ax--,,r.r J'<J

:rlc--;rLr (r.) 1t;

r . = E e l _ 2 r .= ( * (\.-V)
:JllliSl; Vr 6lt,-,i ih- Jiz i-e ))

f =f.e-2ltzlLw =7.g'zslCn2 (\\-V)

'*>)y
;rA ilju'\ Jl$rstj Cy rE 6iJl

,=toL*En'rr-*, (\ Y-A)

bllt).f-l-,,rh rsrS.Wr.-.ll-1.-.rrr.2l2R2jl r.:*l r/\ a>..,2r,5lrlrr./Rrlyq

,f-f
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E = 1 1 8 pL * e z * (\r-v)
O-v J5; .) i-i !r...:.j, A ,r--h. Jl jC b T : L* ,t J Cn -l l-" o* .lcb
d.l.prm9 ]ft 6t-e.c-lJl.rjt'.; j o.,1!.i-; r.;19Sbst o!-rrclti
Cy.;r.-i
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;\
I

lp
RI

m ro r
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:r*,._u,;L- F'Fp JOCp ,g[_l-1r.-*.1 ryr

-1 Jtgy., j
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mg mraz
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:i,;-.il: !: .htt g,_l;lorLar.lU

, = ?T , L * = 2 n R , C * = R @,' r 2 = 9 . 4 --4,
=&_
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tg-ilr lf
f-f

g ( \ 0- v)
c*=,/w- ( \t - ^ )
9i1.2IJ':JL -;f:i. tSG:. J1b 6lrl>15,*E!
d2+ eV-r.5rL; rl_r,.;Jl
Ct-.JrL. .r-.,-ri.-
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ey
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P !^i (\v-v)
6tey ;4 ;Li i}:;l or5.rL e, ..- .lr,jti .i>t:;l
6l.sl:&)|r,r r(Jt- .,2r
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; t= . ;Lj .rr . ;t:i.

H
 b-fcJc.gii5,gFy
Ship Motionsand SeakeePing

' 6sljT c.lb.:s t-A

J3.;r 4;ll;i crb.l.rgr-l.c-l6rl.1i r-..;r ,':-t qglb r..-I'a 1"-+ 6- "ll;;r !,F
..tc*i rsr(-Ur-r jSfg c.')}=ljlJ4l"" tc.;Kr>g"-l"ubJ^!r:lr 'rL5 \-A
\-1" L''V"S''
o't''i't'--t',
,<;k-f1;.r=r Ik*te.rb,tI ut\ '11ls7-Z:f"t:
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cS2-lr-.y ..r-: rtar-l6.112, ,5!o ef L-;:2r ..t::"t t;e S J* 67 d'+;t iri

.!;lr 1*lVF ,it2t oSO qJSrr:-l 6l-fl Ltbl: u/rJP trr5 cSs*,

sJc:Su,,)-iJ. F y,SU- J r,-l'tE,.;fl.S 6 s.V b-lr tt

*oc--1;t drl
^ cJ2zt'.lrc,..,l^J -* 6f s" J* oA' 6f .trjU c'5.r.-6t2br*f
,y'f
sr t'' ,-t'-f o;J-} If L
;r>)l,t5y'yr 6 up'-l;9 .tt rrrltt ..r-a" ,-;tf
"
cS2- t ,-t'-f c.S7 3fiti c42 g;;l: .laii ;*S ..tSu. \f J. ;;'S u ,-f f
.:y Jrl.; ,-t'-f ,JrJjl"

t- Oogcce of Frcdom 2- Surge 3- Shrp WavePattern

f- llcad Scr 5- Slem Sea 6- Heave
7- P/fr/h E- Sugn 9- Snay
tO- nof ll- Yarur 12- EeamSea
 nS.r>tt Jpl tiA

GS6f .5r!jTL.;r rl_i t.r\ J5j

(Seakeeplng)(,-.lc.ls
r;:,fOV2> t_lJ

;lt;r .p ;:-:S ;-bI.lL,-Llrr;-,_lr-.1r

61.2.1| Jt t crlJ 6**l
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dr!- .!:-a itl b;p jl 6.tt- r5r.1l.l.l j6f \ L Z/V t-, 1 ., -r_
do:Li;-lr.li
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6 ,-Pl-r.,1: r5.-*'l 4)-
tltt,rtJ J ,_t'f o;.i.t;j,_)b;l ,:-:5.11;L 1 Urr
.,>-l2l4j>r,6rL;.:r",.1
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Jt r-l .iL.r..o j rolrjL_,
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crlrjl .:/ &q c-l i,<-,
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-
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cl.t' &t -b.r ri, I :!; tu .*r ! VT It .|J..J$ l: .1| u:'b >3^:'u. 415
eVt fi
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:t ;-E t'.Jt.- g,-l.:sJ4 Jlrtl q -,,i rr.r-io.r-^iU, c-q J S'r. 6r Cy
.JS 6, t lf J r:5,-i' r, 4'':*l j\r-

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f,-, ;S ^:* drl J-" J "-:* t.. 4Sl gt erg.1) l;,c_r,-l r:5r,.r, JS*i
c-,lT.i(: #t 4;rl-r,.;.glrlr ,,-l1s e1;5ol
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.c-l tg r-t-!U J..-'r ^:{ .-itlaril cJ-U
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'rf f-A
f.Jt1i

J dti c4- a){;r) ;t$ r5ttr tp-r b+. th.Jli,llt,-f-t ,r-d,b,.Sr-

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rSJrt ,r::l;
r/-.i r5r.;fr 4a5 uiit't..-, o:L 6.1f r;J; ,*-S 6,1-15;6,lr1.6rl;i r-..,r
lJ.or.rr,ritS.:ir Llt u;y "9b

T 2nk
=@
'0 (\-^)

1t'..i GM1 ;S
ry-4.c-l F ,1.r" J-;-U. ;;tnlJj k r(J!' .1r
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l- $mnfqg 2- Mde d Distortion 3- Roll

 ,;So>tflyt t..

!r-*. u\ -5:t q .f F,t-i dgll ^lU \ f bA O,:ilru*5eD I sglrtJr.'-

lyj ,rr-, i"r; {tt ? U I J4 u:,;lb >*r,;l .rr-t'1,-9.; .c-l 6,*.r I orj cilb
.rrl: rLr: d;tr ,91y.6;.4 j$i c.:aiJ, gr-l;.r.)Ul
>2y u!*; aV:-tr {+-:tr) t .tt e ,F*.}!jit rr:d; S22.,gi-lg9
g:,:l;;r +f .:-,1 ' jt*;l.ri, r-L, g).."1 '>lor;r,
jl ,_#-.).11rrlF jtj
r,.rf--rcrtSr- {.tc*j ,r$b &Sf r5.:*l }V C,*r { j c-*l
€ }-.rirt.r,i.
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)t G$lt L'-1.,,-
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11,71r.t-iL

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1- Three DimensionalDiffraction Theory

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1- Fesponse AmplitadeQperators 2- Heave

3- Pitch 4- lrregularRandom Sea
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1
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1- SpiralDiagram
 65 u>$ Jtzl rtt

i
I
i
I

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r E
g
t \
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i = ;E l>
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f ro dS n?V J,t),

Ownersrequirements and pre{erences

Speed
Deadweigrh
C u b i cc a p a c i t y
1
D i m e n s i o n acl o n s t r a i n t s
Slow/medium speedengines I
H e a v yf u e l o r l / d i e s edl r i v e na u x i l i a r i e s
Software
Software

S€lection of engine Promac

propellersand shafts engsel
shafts

Size boilers, eleclricity Trheat

from waste heat Eoiler

S fo l d s Elsim
Elines Hull form design
Seham
Formgen Size seawater
pumps and coolers Roropt

Generalarrangement
Sfolds of compartments,
spacesand
eguipment

R e l i a b i l i t ya n d c o s t Reliab
@lculations Costeva
L R pass
Pilor

Final flow
Roropt
calcu latio ns

Validation of design

u3 -tp yt, r-t;*

 6;-5 u>tp r1*t tfl

dL.r.b .t'_\ ag1:* .ul j-&l:* .J,rUSr2 ;S ".{:t_r; U-.grs,-r:js

u:--:"5"t-; rlJ) \:r) .gU.r:s jJ,-,i rttlrS,_r;t ;S ;nf u-l;SJ::L (r-i.t:--
L9r L..j I c, U tlo, d,r"
lJ t+ .$ r I lj
Lr- ) J t t -f lt.r,__4rr::f s; L .-r.-y ti; r -r+_f
rF+:' 2V 1c..c,r-rui,b tLju;l+rc:F:..-L. J-.b t .-*-.1;-ry el.r+-
eJts- r5.:*l,r:5r--y f 6!lu--_p.e ciLi.',^ gg66d,ll;).:rJ
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.ar,../ oet& j$le Jt sD \-l J-r-r+-l:;L r;fL_r U_ J;-r- .S--1.^Lh,

dll.<,- q by.l cjrJ;i.r,,9Lrr.+r t-l .J-l.r+

Cost type Description

Capitalcosts Designcosts
Buildingcosts(down paymentand
installments)
Associatedloan repaymentsand
loan interest
Taxes
Depreciationand profit (considered
for convenienceas costs)
Dai,y running Crew expenses(wages,benefits,
c )sts victualling,training,travel, etc.)
_
Repairand maintenance
Stores
Insurance
Administration
Voyage costs Fuel
Port chargesand light dues
Tugs and pilotage
Canaldues
Cargo expenses Cargo handling
Cargoclaims,etc.

d-Uu Cy tt Cr:.+-r g oxl-!;r l-,,E-1U.,i-n t-fi .r::5 clrlr +,_l;S

;l,f.at- -r,i;r
ii ;5 6tLr-:l +:'iJ ..rtr csh Jll.rr c.:t &-..r,trJ;t1 l, +Jjl 6rljf u-Vr
l-b.fjl 1.t-! .;*l(RFR) \rf; :rr, L-t5
,:.5.->t-2 6c,*l ,;j ,ylb g,,_l

1- Required Freight Rate

I rV CS 'zW hV

.rrF tp b.r5.:.i[: )K

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C;trd- -S-t ,fl-h;r 1.6,-:3r^, '* .;S ,--l-h ; )''cl g;Q':'-:j'u'r

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o;f{9t fJt atli. f-t

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l.l g*--,2rr;
6ta.r:5;l
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r,t o)J u +
U -..,l: JrL;-,11 ,.ljl q t^:=: l4i rL'l 'S r'ri)t 6Ur:5 -\
Ji- rJt-1f.--- t!

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rL''ltrr'^'- 6U;:S -Y
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U- t JSrr- J--- .5.- dbtt-r AS iltus IJt' c'-.i '-tJdr.:d dU:?
.6y.Sl- A;tr":5

ctr,r:.lS Ly u) 9l1 \rp; rt'lt 6br-f -r

;t+ rlr i .r>1v dt{ar1l-.
rf rillr l, b(:; U-1Lrcl-rj1 sl t* Jet 6 il'';S 'lu:L -r::'-e .;, ,F

.r:jL ,-..- -bV.:L-l ;l i+-f +!.j:5 D^2i t uaf '>2je Lrl-ltt

:L-11 $-,11:.l-)1J.:rr -h ;A il I st>r "f.- tsu,r::S t J.-*g cVF
.r-::-r! .;? F jW ,El.lr Lr3-;r-;> t- tr.;PK

t'-1.U-lp::J) y' sg Jdjj rJr-r)[ ojJu )l 6i r\rr-l(;lc5'rL-r

1- SimilarShip 2- Dead Weight Carriers 3- CapcitY Canierc

4- LinearDimensionShtPs
 ;''l U>y Jret rtA

..Li tt Jb ! J"-1.
p ;S ; 7l- 21^1i -_r-1.r-., r: L .,,-Q:_ry _r_ o1){^,1x >J r rb_

Q8J*i-rr,; g9l cbt gls; l_f-t

.ibI){J'|.;lr:Li:-lt) -iLi, J* - call,*.,.+-.r;_b.rt .rir i-t-, \rett u-l
J* +rLull ej! lt ?-l-r4 6tr.:, ; r:L rr,L!,-ggLr.r::S,l
u F o.l; ,g,r2ig,-
rb* l: -h ttr tltrL tol-i
ll+f i-f-., - e-b .'+t? ;:J,-l;Ui .1.r*S
.r.19ic*-.t, tt
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.r,:l*t=l L .tlr;,r, .61;i

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g: 'ilrrLi:-|,ts"/lcyt+.rj.l
!1t;;; 6lt. e-r ,-b J: ,_r--p,rs: &.
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F,-*p+ +, "iff,*]
.r:-l cl; o.rl.r ,jr_Lo y_l Jj_g.1:

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t;tstil F e
1r it I t.*surr;r.i.r f+- 1.{"ffifg_ I
g ;tl; n )t5.r'-'- rr il oru-'lur-r-rL Jr ,,* .*,tts;-q.rq .r;-r
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r-t tjr.t+

Typeof ship Volume Ship

fraction density
lTetn?)
General cargo 0.50
ReRo
0.50
0.55 0.35
Crude oil tanker 0.70
Containership
0.75
(includingcontainen on deck) 0.65 0.45
f lt ,;''l 4zt| S>t,

r-i tj:.tt

Cargo Density (Telm3)

lron ore 1.90- 3.50
Phosphate r.t2
Coal 0.75- 0.85
Crude oil 0.78- 0.92
Residualoil 0.94- 1.00
Distillates 0.84- 0.94
Casoline 0.74
Grain (wheat,corn, rye) 0.6- 0.75
Containers(average) 0.34- 0.38

f* d-JL gr_l.,rr.r,J -b i l-,10.. . .m3 c-ir.b ! ,-r:<:ir.i- JU. ,sl_f +

L ry r.rlr; At j4V d/-lJq, -q 0:;;' =v\f ,, ^t J.tJ..r,-! trrlt.5rr;
y.ltls./t411t+ $s eljg r J y l; ; ; Jf +.r-,V\f .Xr/V0=0lp..t
.e-J. -b ,t d./- oO. . .
o.rLii,l:2y u,I-."l.St"f t.;t,J:.ft c,.g .llr;r, rJ:l5
,3t-l= .lj-l l.lrt O*;
,*,*csbs: 'r3l-,,.r,J11.r:.y-rLi,
.t ,r;.i pj^rrB ,f -f .LJ*e-rrfrlS
.(.rr-.t.jLt ?--re,rl c,*;rLrO" = xlCrtj ort;- .t ,r_ri":?
a# )
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:y j.o Jj )SA + il;.,_l
ls:'o;e-11 orLc-l t, . C" r? ,9 , ,#
o M L
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L_MVlto

r= 6ttsIM-(|).c"1,,, (\-q)

B = ( +r )
D = ( +r )
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tt1f 'fV 4:l ,Fly,,1r Lii r.iLcyllgr-1.r.1.1i!:r! r:^:.rf 6te,r-lrl".iLc>{Jrl

.J^i J.:-olF ..1,_+.Sl.+C J/-rU, t ,-?l-P 64 J-lf ;) 1 .r:;-.r orLi:-l

Jl;i. d;bC.A-i *bySoCthrlr" f-f-t

J JjJ i-L, U cLr-,11;l

t;tr g J .,3ti..tt? iJrt 6t";r;-- rrLr.. g,_1.;r
f
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(el, J J.q) LrlLjlr.:;j,- rt+i J"-LJ 3 rll5.1t5r(.ri t ji-,-l.il;.g;
q 6t3qf'?-it b1'* tsl; 6c-l -* 14 j dr..^ t .trtt =l J)V s d,.rEi
f"
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,a- Jlj-o I .., .J Jlri, J i, J5;
tAf+.- t V, !-J+ J,-L r-iL;-
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e-,-Li, rJlly-rLL ! -r,--r+y-rU, .rrJ o.t-t !-+ jt*rt .ljl I r.j \:r!

Ji.hE nJe:l-5;,i't J.i1-,1

r.:Lj .iy:;l \275 e>y+oi 1-EtJ7
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lFu-, r-q J.3 .::J,; 'p J"P e-b q .;$l; .r:7ldi .!..-- ..r,-ic-4
JSL.. ,at-tb $Js J'-l J;L,

.'lalsbl, d.! !r(,i, gU.;if f-f-t

Jli.l tjt* rty .irJi -l f-.- l,!t?yt+ 4s CU Jt;- ,,-l;. or-,1;i.:-,.r, rl ,-,
c:r5,r1L;.;l o.;U-;rr.r;iJ.;lj ortc-l:ty Jj .Jt+;,-i "ri 6l.r ',,-Lrg, ; -l trf tt!

d,S-. db:r-, J err)J. 17* t-*.61; .-t- ,rst &-.tr )J:{.t tr 6b t

C)
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l- O.rfrt 2- Maryine 3- Void Space

rrr 6*l u>t* yy

Form
parameters

Space req = V,.

Weight - W

v,. )V
w+A

'First itcrarion
only

,s,$ e- J,t, slht lrql r-CJ<j

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6. code for the construction and Equipmentof ships carrying Liquified
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L Code of Safetyfor Nuclear MerchantShips (1981)
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Gas CarrierCode (1983)
11. International
t-l Jr.ta

I nternational convention Entered into

force
Safetyof Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974 1980
Protocol of 1978relating to SOLAS 1981
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Preventionof Pollution of the Sea
by Oil 1954 1958
Prevention of Pollution from Ships
i973 and Protocol of 1978
(MARPOL 73nq 1e83
Load Lines 1966 1968
TonnageMeasurementof Ships
1969 1982
Civil Liability for Oil Pollution
Damage1969 lns
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Above 1981
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Maritime Carriageof Nuclear
Material 1971 t975
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TorremolinosInternational
Conventionfor the Safetyof
FishingVessels1977

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Chemicalsin Bulk (ChemicalTankers)
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Bulk (Gas Carriers)
n e r t iifc a t ef o r t h e C a r r i a g eo f N o x i o u s
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1983.
2 . ' B a s i cS h i p T h e o r y ' , V o l . 1 , b y : K . J . R A W S O NA N D E . C .T U P P E R'
L o n g m a n ,1 9 8 3 .
3 . ' B a s i cS h i p T h e o r y ' ,V o l .2 , b y : K . J .R A W S O NA N D E . C .T U P P E R'

L o n g m a n ,1 9 8 3 .
4. 'Principlesof NavalArchitecture', Vol 1 , The Societyof NavalArchitectsand
MarineEngineers, 1988.
5. 'Principlesof NavalArchitecture', Vol 2 , The Societyof NavalArchitectsand
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