RRB NTPC Elementary Statistics

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Instructions
For the following questions answer them individually

Question 1

What is the relation among mean, median & mode ?

A mode - 2(mean) = 3(median)

B mode + 3(mean) = 2(median)

C mode + 2(mean) = 3(median)

D mode - 3(mean) = 2(median)

Answer: C

Explanation:
Mode = 3(Median)-2(Mean)

Mode+2(Mean) = 3(Median)

So the answer is option C.

Question 2

Find the mode if mean and median are 4 & 5 respectively ?

A 5

B 7

C 9

D 11

Answer: B

Explanation:
Mode = 3(Median)-2(Mean)

Mode = 3(5)-2(4) = 15 - 8 = 7

So the answer is option B.

Question 3

In a moderately skewed distribution, it is known that the median is 5 and the mode is 7. What is the mean?

A 10

B 8

C 6

D 4

Answer: D

Explanation:
Mode = 3(Median)-2(Mean)

7 = 3(5)-2(mode)

7-15 = -2(mode)

-8 = -2(mode)

mode = 4

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So the answer is option D.

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Question 4

Find the mode of 2,3,4, 2,2,3,2,3,4,5,3,5,3,2,5,2 ?

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 5

Answer: A

Explanation:
Mode is the number which occurred frequently = 2

So the answer is option A.

Question 5

Find the mode of 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 3, 5, 3 ?

A 2

B 3

C 3.5

D 2.5

Answer: B

Explanation:
Mode is the most frequently occurred number = 3

So the answer is option B.

Question 6

In a moderately symmetric distribution, it is known that the median and mean are 6 and 4 respectively.
Find the mode of the distribution.

A 8

B 10

C 6

D 12

Answer: B

Explanation:
3(median) − 2(mean) = mode
3(6) − 2(4) = mode
18 − 8 = mode
10 = mode
So the answer is option B.

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Question 7

The arithmetic mean of 9 distinct integers is 87. If none of the numbers is more than 100 and the average
of the smallest five numbers is 78, find the minimum value of the sixth number.

Answer:96

Explanation:
If the average of 9 numbers is 87, then the sum of these 9 distinct numbers will be 9 X 87 = 783
Let the numbers be a1, a2, a3, …..a9 where a9> a8> …a1.
So, a1+a2+a3+a4+a5 = 78 X 5 = 390
Smallest value of a5 can be 80 when a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 are 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
This means that a6 > 80.
Now, the sum of the rest of the four numbers is 738-390 = 393
For a6 to be min, a7, a8, a9 must be max.
=> a6 + 98 + 99 + 100 = 393 or a6 = 96.
Thus, 96 is the correct answer.

Question 8

What is the minimum value of the function f(x) = x4 − 8x3 + 22x2 − 24x + 4?

A −∞

B −5
25
C − 4

D None of these

Answer: B

Explanation:
f(x) = x4 − 8x3 + 22x2 − 24x + 4
f ′(x) = 4x3 − 24x2 + 44x − 24
and f ′′ (x) = 12x2 − 48x + 44
f’(x)=0
=> 4x3 − 24x2 + 44x − 24 = 0 or (x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3) = 0
The critical points are x=1,2,3
Putting these points in f’’(x) we get f(1)=+ve, f(2)=-ve, f(3)=+ve
So, at x=1 and 3 there is local minima and x=2 there is local maxima. This means, the graph would be increasing
beyond x=1 and x=3.

Thus, the lower value between f(1) and f(3) will be the minimum value of f(x)
Both f(1)=f(3)=-5
Thus, minimum value is -5.

Question 9

If a, b, and c are real numbers such that a+b+c=30 and ab+bc+ca=192. Find the maximum value of a.

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A 30

B 22

C 29

D None of these

Answer: B

Explanation:
a+b+c=30 and ab+bc+ca=192
=> b(a+c)+ca=192
b=30-(a+c)
=> [30-(a+c)](a+c)+ac=192
=> 30(a + c) − (a + c)2 + ca = 192
=> 30a + 30c − a 2 − c2 − ca = 192
=> c2 + (a − 30)c + (a 2 − 30a + 192) = 0
Now, c is real. This means that discriminant of the above equation in c should be ≥ 0.
=> (a − 30)2
− 4(a 2
− 30a + 192) ≥ 0
=>a 2 + 900 − 60a − 4a 2 + 120a − 4X192 ≥ 0
=> a 2 + 900 − 60a − 4a 2 + 120a − 4X192 ≥ 0
=> 3a 2 − 60a − 132 ≤ 0
=> a 2 − 20a − 44 ≤ 0
=> (a − 22)(a + 2) ≤ 0
=> a − 22 ≥ 0 = a ≥ 22 and a + 2 ≤ 0 = a ≤ −2, which is not possible
Or a − 22 ≤ 0 = a ≤ 22 and a + 2 ≥ 0 = a ≥ −2
Thus, max possible value is 22.

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Question 10

Find the difference of mean and median of the following data set {2,3,4,5,5,8,8}

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 0

Answer: D

Explanation:
Median is the middle term which is 5.
Mean=(2+3+4+5+5+8+8)/7=5
Hence difference=0

Question 11

A teacher observes the marks of the five students of the class. She observes the median and mean each to
be 5 but the only mode is 8. What is the lowest marks obtained?

A 1

B 2

C 3

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 Can’t be determined
D

Answer: D

Explanation:
Let the marks of the students in ascending order be a,b,c,d,e
a+b+c+d+e=5*5=25
Median=5
c=5
Mode=8
d and e each is equal to 8 because if there are more than 2 8's the sum becomes more than 25
a+b+5+8+8=25 a+b=4
The answers can be a=1 and b=3 or a=0 and b=4
Hence, the answer is can’t be determined. a=b=2 cannot be possible because there is only one mode

Question 12

The mean of six positive integers is 15. The median is 18, and the only mode of the integers is less than
18. The maximum possible value of the largest of the six integers is

A 26

B 28

C 30

D 32

E 34

Answer: D

Explanation:
Since the mean is 18, the total is 90. Let the numbers be a, b, c, d, e and f in ascending order. a+b+c+d+e+f=90

The median is 18, so there are three numbers less than 18 and three numbers more than 18. Therefore, a,b,c <18 and
d,e,f >18. The median is the average of c and d. Therefore, (c+d)/2=18 => c+d=36

Here we need to maximize f, so we need to minimize a, b, c, d and e.

The minimum value a and b can take is 1, the least positive integer.

To minimize e, e should be equal to d+1. It cannot be equal to d as the mode is less than 18.

Hence, the minimum value that d can take such that c+d=36 and d>18 is d=19. Therefore, c=17 and e=20

Hence, a = 1, b = 1, c = 17, d = 19, e = 20. Therefore, f = 90 -(1+1+17+19+20) = 32.

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Question 13

What is the difference between the mean and median of set S = {2, 4, 6, 7, 7, 13, 18, 92}?

A 10.125

B 11.125

C 11.625

D 14

E 10.875
Answer: C

Explanation:

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Sum of the numbers = 2+4+6+7+7+13+18+92 = 149

So, mean = 149/8 = 18.625

Median = 7 (frequency of occurrence = 2)

Hence, difference = 18.625 - 7 = 11.625

Question 14

A teacher noticed a strange distribution of marks in the exam. There were only three distinct scores: 6, 8
and 20. The mode of the distribution was 8. The sum of the scores of all the students was 504. The number
of students in the in most populated category was equal to the sum of the number of students with lowest
score and twice the number of students with the highest score. The total number of students in the class
was:

A 50

B 51

C 53

D 56

E 57

Answer: E

Explanation:
6a+8b+20c = 504 and b = a+2c

The only integral solution to the above equation is when a = 18 b = 32 and c = 7.

Hence, the total number of students in the class were 57

Question 15

Consider the set of numbers 11, 3, 6, 3, 5, 3 and x. If the mean, median and mode of this set of numbers
are in an non-constant arithmetic progression. What are the number of possible values for x?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D None of the above

Answer: C

Explanation:
It is given mean,median and mode are in A.P. Hence we have mean + mode = 2*median The mode of the set of
numbers is 3. And the mean of the numbers is (x+31)/7. If x<3, the median is 3. But, as the arithmetic progression is
non constant, no such values are possible. If 3 < x < 5, the median is x. In this case, (x+31)/7+3 = 2x or x = 4. This lies
in between 3 and 5 and is a valid solution. If x > 5, the median is 5. So, (x+31)/7 + 3 = 10 or x = 18. As this is greater
than 5, this is also a valid solution. So, total number of valid solutions is 2

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Question 16

What is a if the mean of the set S={4, 10, a, 12, 13, 21} is same as the mode?

A 10

B 10.75

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 12
C

D Cannot be determined

Answer: C

Explanation:
Let m be the mode and M the mean. Hence, M=(60+a)/6=10+a/6.
For the set to have a mode, a must be one of the five elements already in S i.e. 4, 10,12, 13 and 21.
As M is 10+a/6 it cannot be 4 or 10. If a=12,13,21 => M = 12, 12.167, 13.5.
Hence only for a=12 is the mean and mode same. Hence a=12.

Question 17

What is the difference between the median and mode of S={1, 2, 4, 4, 8, 14, 32, 64}?

A 0

B 2

C 4

D Either 0 or 4

Answer: B

Explanation:
Mode=4, Median = (4+8)/2=6. Hence difference=2

Question 18

What is the difference in the median and mode of the list { 6,2,3,4,3,5,2,7,4,2,6}

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 2.5

Answer: B

Explanation:
The list when ordered in ascending order is {2,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6,6,7}. So, the median is 4 and the mode is 2. Hence,
difference is 2

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Question 19

What is the median of the set of all three digit natural numbers such that the units digit is greater than the
tens digit which is greater than the hundred's digit?

A 263
B 258.5

C 345

D 278.5

Answer: B

Explanation:

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Let the three digit number be a b c. Hence, a<b<c. If a=1, b=2 c=3-9 = 7 numbers.
Similarly, a=1, b=2, c=4-9 (6 numbers). Hence # of numbers starting with 1 = (7+6+5+4+3+2+1) =28.
Starting with 2 = (6+5+..+1) = 21. Hence, the number of numbers are = 28+21+15+10+6+3+1=84.
Hence median is average of 42nd and 43rd term. 28+21= 49 terms are less than 300.
Hence 289-49, 279-48, 278-47, 269-46, 268 - 45, 267-44, 259-43 and 258-42.
Hence 42nd term is 258 and 43rd is 259. Hence median is 258.5.

Question 20

What is the difference between the mean and median of set S={2, 4, 6, 7, 7, 13, 18, 92}?

A 10.125

B 11.125

C 11.625

D 14

Answer: C

Explanation:
The mean of the set is the average of all the numbers in the set = (2 + 4 + 6 + 7 + 7 + 13 + 18 + 92)/8 = 18.625
The median of the set is the middle number of the set when it is placed in ascending order. In this case, it is 7.
Hence, the difference is 11.625

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