ELECTION LAW

A. SUFFRAGE

a. Definition and theories on Suffrage

b. Scope of Suffrage
i. Plebiscite
ii. Initiative
iii. Referendum
iv. Recall
v. Election
1. Election v. Plebiscite
a. Sanidad v. COMELEC

c. Kinds of elections
i. Regular
ii. Special

d. Construction of Election Laws

B. QUALIFICATION AND DISQUALIFICATION OF VOTERS

a. Qualifications for the exercise of Suffrage

i. Sec. 1, Art. V, 1987 Constitution
ii. Residence requirement
1. Residence v. Domicile
a. Pundaodaya v. COMELEC, 2009

b. Disqualifications
i. Omnibus Election Code, Art. XII, Sec. 118

C. REGISTRATION OF VOTERS

a. Registration
i. Voter’s Registration Act of 1996
ii. Double registrant
1. Maruhom v. COMELEC
iii. Absentee voting
1. Sec. 2, Art. V, 1987 Constitution
2. Qualifications
3. Coverage
4. Disqualifications
iv. Local absentee voting

b. System of continuing registration

 c. Challenges to right to register

d. Preparation and posting of certified list of voters

i. Grounds when the list of voters will be altered
1. Deactivation
a. Grounds
2. Reactivation

D. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION PROCEEDINGS

a. Jurisdiction
b. Who may file?
c. Period for filing
d. Grounds
e. Application of res judicata
i. Domino v. COMELEC, 1999

E. AUTOMATED ELECTION SYSTEM (RA. 8436 AS AMENDED BY RA.

9369)

a. Definition
b. Testing of equipment
c. Voter’s receipt
i. Gordon v. COMELEC, 2016

F. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (ART. 9 (C) – COMELEC)

a. Composition
b. Powers and functions
c. Regulation and control of public utilities during election period
d. Limitation to the pardoning power of the President
e. COMELEC jurisdiction and appeal of COMELEC cases.

G. POLITICAL PARTIES

a. Definition of a political party

i. Sectoral party
ii. Coalition
iii. Sectoral organization
iv. Kinds
v. Types
b. Jurisdiction of the COMELEC over political parties
i. Palmares v. COMELEC, 1989

c. Party-list system (RA. 7941)

 i. Registration
1. Purpose of registration
2. Grounds for refusal or cancellation of registration
a. Philippine Guardians Brotherhood, Inc. v. COMELEC
ii. Election of party-list representatives
iii. Nomination of representative
iv. Qualification of party-list representative
v. Cases on Party-list system
1. BARANGAY ASSOCIATION FOR NATIONAL
ADVANCEMENT AND TRANSPARENCY (BANAT) vs.
COMELEC, 2009
2. Atong Paglaum v. COMLELC, 2013

H. CANDIDACY

a. Qualifications of candidates
i. National level
1. Natural born – Bengson III v. HRET
ii. Local level
iii. Labo, Jr. v. COMELEC, 1989

b. Grounds for disqualification

c. Filing of certificates of candidacy

i. Effect of filing
1. Appointive official vs. Elective official
a. Quinto v. Commission on Elections, 2010
2. Filing of two certificates of candidacy
ii. Substitution of candidates
1. Sec. 77, Omnibus Election Code
2. Sec. 19, COMELEC Resolution 9984, 2015
3. Tagolino v. HRET and Lucy Torres-Gomez, 2013
iii. Ministerial duty of COMELEC to receive certificates
1. Nuisance candidates (Sec. 69, OEC)
2. Petition to deny or cancel certificates of candidacy (Sec.
78, OEC)
a. See Sec. 74, OEC
b. Salcedo II v. COMELEC, 1999
iv. Effect of disqualification
1. Rule on Succession
a. Maquiling v. COMELEC, 2013
b. Ejercito v. COMELEC, 2014

I. CAMPAIGN

a. Election campaign
 i. Sec. 3, OEC
ii. Sec. 79, OEC

b. Premature campaigning
i. Sec. 80, OEC
ii. Penera v. COMELEC

c. Prohibited contributions

i. Secs. 95 to 97, OEC

d. Lawful and prohibited election propaganda

e. Limitations on expenses
i. Secs. 101 to 104, OEC

J. REMEDIES AND JURISDICTION IN ELECTION LAW

a. Petition for disqualification

i. Rule 25, COMELEC Rules of Procedure
ii. Grounds for disqualification
1. Sec. 68, OEC

b. Petition to declare failure of elections

i. Grounds
ii. Requisites for declaration

c. Pre-proclamation controversy

d. Election protest
i. Jurisdiction
ii. Grounds
iii. Execution pending appeal
1. Navarosa v. COMELEC, 2003
2. Ramas v. COMELEC, 1998

e. Quo warranto
i. A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC, May 15, 2007
ii. Election protest v. Quo warranto

K. PROSECUTION OF ELECTION OFFENSES

a. Election offenses
i. Secs. 261 to 262, OEC
b. Authority to prosecute
i. Sec. 265, OEC
c. Jurisdiction
i. Sec. 268, OEC
d. Prescription
i. Sec. 267, OEC