Basic Rules Standard Rules Advanced Rules

An Epic Game of Grand Strategy

Designed and Created by Glenn Drover

Gameboard Artwork by Paul Niemeyer

Cover Art and Sketches by Keith Rocco
Graphic Design by James Provenzale
and Fast Forward Design

Special Thanks to Paul Niemeyer without whose talent and inspiration,

this product would not have been possible.

Copyright © 2001 Eagle Games, Inc.


Introduction
Rules Concept
The rules for The American Civil War are broken into three parts:
The Basic Rules: These rules are short and easy to understand.
They allow anyone to pick up the game and
begin playing quickly.
The Standard Rules: These rules build on the Basic Rules (and sometimes
change them). The Standard Rules allow for more
detailed play. They are more realistic, but still very
playable. After having played the Basic Rules a few
times, players may decide that they want to move on
to the Standard Rules Set for a more challenging game.
The Advanced Rules: These rules build on the previous two and allow for
the highest level of realism within this style of game.
They make the game play a little slower and possibly
longer, but are perfect for the player that wants to add
realism and depth to the game. All Advanced Rules
are OPTIONAL, and may be added to the Standard
Rules individually or in their entirety by mutual
agreement of the players before the game begins.
North and South
In the American Civil War there were two opposing sides. The North, also
called the Union, the U.S.A., or Yankees with their capital in Washington
D.C., and the South, also called the Confederates, the C.S.A., or the Rebels
with their capital in Richmond.
Basic Rules
The Basic Rules
The Game
This game allows the players to recreate the Civil War. They move pieces
that represent armies (Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery) and leaders, on a map
of the United States at the time of the war. The map is divided into
“Regions” and Cities that act like spaces. The players can move their
pieces from one Region to an adjacent Region. When opposing armies meet
in the same Region, a “Battle” occurs. The object of the game is to occupy
8 of the other player’s cities before he can do the same to you.
NOTE: The Basic Rules create a game that is evenly matched. While this is not
historically accurate, it allows both players an equal chance to win. If players
wish to play a game that is more historically accurate, they may ignore the Setup
section of the Basic Rules (below) and use the “Historical Scenario” setup in the
Scenarios section at the back of the manual.
The Board
REGIONS: The map is divided into Regions for purposes of movement.
The lines are gray for the Southern States: The area controlled by the
Southern player at the beginning of the game has gray borders.
The lines are blue for the Northern States: The area controlled by the
Northern player at the beginning of the game has blue borders.
The lines and borders are green for the “Border States”. Either player may
move into border states.
The other lines (red and orange) are for Canada, Mexico, and the Territories.
These areas are “out of bounds” and neither player may move into them.
CITIES: Cities are the small circles with names and numbers next to them.
Cities are a special kind of Region and are treated exactly like Regions for
purposes of movement. Whenever Regions are referred to in the rules,
Cities are meant as well.
LAKES AND OCEAN: The light blue areas are lakes, ocean, and the Gulf of
Mexico. No pieces may move into these areas.
RAILROADS: The long tracks connecting the Cities are “Railroads”.
Railroads are not used in the Basic Rules.
RIVERS: Rivers are decorative and have no effect on movement.
They do not divide Regions.
3
Basic Rules
The Pieces
There are five types of pieces in the Basic version of The American Civil
War. The pieces are moved around the board, fight other pieces in Battles,
and occupy enemy Cities to win the game.
INFANTRY: Infantry are units of foot soldiers armed with rifled
muskets. They are the cheapest and most common type of piece
in the game. They move one Region per turn and when they
fire in Battle they eliminate the enemy on an “8” or higher
(rolling two dice) .
CAVALRY: Cavalry are units of horsemen armed with carbines
(small rifled muskets). They are faster, but less effective in battle
than Infantry. They move two Regions per turn and when they
fire in Battle they eliminate the enemy on an “9” or higher
(rolling two dice) .
ARTILLERY: Artillery are units of cannons and the men that
load and fire them. They are slow and expensive, but deadly in
Battle. They move one Region per turn and when they fire in
Battle they eliminate the enemy on an “7” or higher (rolling two dice) .
LEADER: Leaders command the armies, and help them
fight more effectively. They can move two Regions per turn.
They do not “Fire” at the enemy in battle, but can do one of
two special things during a player’s “Battle Turn”: Each Leader
in a Battle can either add one piece to the total number of pieces that can
Fire per Battle Turn, or attempt to “Rally” one of that player’s pieces that
has been eliminated in that Battle. Leaders cannot be Fired at like other
pieces, but are only eliminated if they are in the Battle Line and the
opponent rolls an “11” or “12” while Firing at another piece.
(see “Battles” below)
FLAG BEARER: Flag Bearers act as markers. They can replace
large groups of pieces that are in a single Region. When a
Region becomes too crowded with pieces, the player may
replace them with a Flag Bearer. He then places the pieces
that make up that “Army” on the edge of the board (in the
portrait area).
4 Repeat
Setting up the Game
Before the first turn, the pieces are placed on the board as follows:
THE SOUTHERN PLAYER: Gray Pieces (Sets up First)
1 Infantry in each Southern City (within the gray borders) (13 Cities)
IN ADDITION:
3 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Artillery in Richmond
2 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery in Chattanooga
2 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery in Memphis
5 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Artillery anywhere in the South (within the gray
borders). Maximum of one piece per Region or City
THE NORTHERN PLAYER: Blue Pieces (Sets up Second)
1 Infantry in each Northern City (within the blue borders) plus St. Louis and
Washington D.C. (13 Cities)
IN ADDITION:
3 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Artillery in Washington D.C.
2 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery in Cincinnati
2 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery in St. Louis
5 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Artillery anywhere in the North (within the blue
borders). Maximum of one piece per Region or City
The Turns
The players take turns moving their pieces and fighting any Battles that
result. A player must finish moving his pieces for the turn before any
Battles are fought. After both players have had three turns (moving and
fighting), new pieces are purchased by both players and placed on the
board (see “Purchasing New Pieces” below). This sequence is then
repeated until the game ends. The sequence is:
Turn 1
Southern Player Moves and Fights any Resulting Battles
Northern Player Moves and Fights any Resulting Battles
Turn 2
Southern Player Moves and Fights any Resulting Battles
Northern Player Moves and Fights any Resulting Battles
Turn 3
Southern Player Moves and Fights any Resulting Battles
Northern Player Moves and Fights any Resulting Battles
Purchase New Pieces
Southern Player Purchases New Pieces and Places them on the Board
Northern Player Purchases New Pieces and Places them on the Board

How to Win
A player wins the game (immediately) when he owns 8 of the opposing
player’s Cities at the same time. Opponent’s Cities are owned when the
player has at least one Army (Infantry, Cavalry, or Artillery) piece in the
City. For the purposes of victory for the Northern player, Richmond
counts as TWO Cities. For purposes of victory for the Southern player,
Washington D.C. counts as TWO Cities. For purposes of victory St. Louis
is considered a Northern City. (Example: The Southern player occupies
Washington D.C., St. Louis, Chicago, Philadelphia, New York, and
Indianapolis. If he captures one more Northern City, he will win the game.)
Movement
During a player’s turn, he may move all, some, or none of his pieces.
Each Region and City counts as one space for the purposes of movement.
Infantry and Artillery pieces may move one Region per turn (i.e. they have
one movement point), and Cavalry and Leaders may move two Regions
per turn (They have two movement points). Whenever a piece moves
into a Region that contains an opponent’s piece, a Battle occurs (See
“Battles” below), and that piece may not move any more that turn.
Pieces owned by opposing player’s may not occupy the same Region
without fighting a Battle.
Battles
Whenever a player moves pieces into a region that contains pieces that
belong to his opponent, a Battle is fought.
SETTING UP THE BATTLE
Both players take all of their pieces that are in that battle, and place
them in two groups: Battle Line and Reserve.
1) Battle Line: The pieces in the Battle Line group are placed closest
to the opponent’s pieces and represent those troops that are lined
up close to the enemy and are ready to Fire at them. There must
be at least one Army piece in each player’s Battle Line (Not
counting Leaders).
2) Reserve: The pieces in the Reserve group are placed behind the
Battle Line group and represent those troops that are a safe distance
back from the fighting.
Basic Rules
THE BATTLE SEQUENCE
The Battle is then fought out in the following sequence until one player has
no pieces remaining in his Battle Line.
1) FIRING (Both Players Take Turns – Defender First)
2) RALLYING (Both Players Take Turns – Defender First)
3) MOVING PIECES INTO OR OUT OF RESERVE
(Both Players Take Turns – Defender First)
REPEAT
FIRING
During a Player’s Firing Turn he “Fires” his pieces at his opponent’s pieces
attempting to “Hit” them, thus eliminating them. The “Defending” player
(the player whose pieces were in the Region being attacked) Fires first.
■ Only pieces in the Battle Line may “Fire”
■ Each piece may only Fire once in each player’s Firing Turn
■ A maximum of 5 Pieces may Fire in each player’s Firing Turn; Plus
one extra piece may Fire per Leader in the Battle Line (Example: The
Confederate player has two Leaders in the Battle Line, therefore he
may Fire 7 of his pieces – if he has seven pieces that can Fire)
■ All pieces in the Battle Line that can Fire, MUST Fire. (Example: If a
player has four pieces in his Battle Line he MUST Fire all of them. He
may not Fire fewer than Four times).
The Firing player chooses which of his pieces will Fire (one at a time) and
which of his opponent’s pieces he will Fire at (The “Target”). He then rolls
two dice. If the total is equal to or greater than the Firing piece’s “Hit” num-
ber, then the Target is eliminated. Eliminated pieces can be rallied (see
“Rally” below), therefore they should be kept to the side until after the
Battle. After the Battle they may be placed in the box with all other
eliminated pieces.
Piece Hit Numbers
Cavalry 9
Infantry 8
Artillery 7
NOTE: Leaders may not be “Targeted”. They are only eliminated during a
Battle if they are in the Battle Line AND the opposing player rolls an “11” or
“12” when Firing at another piece.
5
Basic Rules

COMBINED ARMS BONUS MOVING PIECES INTO AND OUT OF RESERVE

If a player has one of each type of piece (Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, and
Leader) in his Battle Line, he may add +1 to each roll when Firing.
(EXAMPLE: When firing, Infantry usually needs to roll an “8” to score a hit. If the
firing player has all 4 types in his Battle Line, the Infantry needs to roll a “7”.) This
bonus is lost if, later in the battle, he does NOT have all 4 types in the
Battle Line.
RALLYING
During a player’s Rally Turn, each Leader in the Reserve Area may attempt
to “Rally” a piece that has been eliminated in that battle so far. Each Leader
rolls two dice. If the total is “9” or higher, he is successful and may take one
piece that has been eliminated and place it in his Reserve Area. Leaders
may “Rally” Infantry, Cavalry, or Artillery pieces that have been eliminated,
but may never “Rally” another Leader piece that has been eliminated.
During a player’s Reserve Turn, he may move any number of pieces from
the Battle Line to the Reserve and vice versa. He must always keep at
least one Army piece (Leaders do not count) in the Battle Line, or he
loses the Battle.
LOSING THE BATTLE
A player loses the Battle when he has no Infantry, Cavalry, or Artillery
pieces in his Battle Line. When a player loses a Battle, any of his pieces
that remain in the Reserve and any Leaders that remain in the Battle
are eliminated.
WINNING THE BATTLE
The player who wins the Battle returns all of his surviving pieces (those
remaining in his Battle Line and Reserve) to the Region in which the
Battle took place.

BATTLE EXAMPLE: Southern Player’s

Reserve

Southern Player’s
Battle Line

Northern Player’s
Battle Line

Northern Player’s
Reserve

SETUP
The Southern Player (6 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Artillery, and 2 Leaders) is being attacked by
the Northern Player (8 Infantry, 3 Cavalry, 2 Artillery, 1 Leader). The Southern Player places
2 Cavalry and 1 Artillery in Reserve. The Northern Player places his 3 Cavalry in Reserve.
6

FIRING (TURN 1)
The Southern Player can Fire with all 6 Infantry pieces and 1artillery piece
that are in the Battle Line (5 + 2 due to the 2 Leaders). The Artillery piece
needs to roll a “7” or higher to hit and rolls an “8” (A Hit!). The Infantry
pieces need to roll an “8” or higher to hit and roll: 8, 5, 12, 4, 6, and 8 (3
Hits!). Southern Player chooses to eliminate 2 Artillery, and 2 Infantry. The
roll of “12” also means that the Northern Player’s Leader was hit and elimi-
nated. Ouch, that hurt!
The Northern player has 6 Infantry pieces remaining on the Battle Line.
Five of them can fire (no Leader). They need to roll an “8” or higher and
roll: 7, 8, 7, 5, and 4 (Only 1 Hit). The Northern Player chooses to elimi-
nate the Artillery piece.
RALLY (TURN 1)
Neither player has a Leader in their Reserve Area, so neither of them can Rally.
RESERVE (TURN 1)
The Southern Player moves one Leader into Reserve and his remaining
Artillery into the Battle Line.
The Northern Player moves all of his Cavalry into the Battle Line.
Basic Rules
FIRING (TURN 2)
The Southern Player can Fire with 5 Infantry and 1 Artillery piece. He Fires
his Artillery and rolls a “6” (A Miss). He then Fires his 5 Infantry and rolls:
8, 3, 7, 9, and 9 (3 Hits). The Southern Player chooses to eliminate 3 enemy
Infantry pieces.
The Northern Player Fires with 3 Infantry pieces and rolls: 7, 11, and 8
(2 hits and a Leader Casualty!). He then Fires with 2 Cavalry pieces and
rolls: 9 and 5 (1 Hit). The Northern Player chooses to eliminate 2 Infantry
and 1 Artillery.
RALLY (TURN 2)
The Southern Player attempts to Rally one of his lost Artillery pieces. He
needs a “9” or higher to successfully Rally, and rolls a “6”. Not good enough.
RESERVE (TURN 2)
The Southern Player moves his two Cavalry and Leader from the Reserve
into the Battle Line.
The Northern Player leaves all of his pieces on the Battle Line. 7

Basic Rules
FIRING (TURN 3)
The Southern Player Fires his 2 Cavalry and rolls: 7 and 9 (1 Hit).
He then Fires his 4 Infantry and rolls: 9, 2, 12, and 9 (3 Hits!).
He chooses to eliminate 3 Northern Infantry and 1 Cavalry.
The Northern Player Fires his 2 remaining Cavalry and rolls: 4 and 7 (No Hits)
RALLY (TURN 3)
Neither player can Rally.
RESERVE (TURN 3)
Neither player moves any pieces.
FIRING (TURN 4)
The Southern Player fires his Infantry first and rolls an “11” and a “12” right
away. Both of the remaining Northern Cavalry pieces are eliminated. The
Battle is over, and the Southern Player has won. His remaining pieces are
now returned to the Region that they were defending.
8
Purchasing New Pieces
After both players have taken three turns moving and fighting any resulting
Battles, they take turns buying new pieces and placing them on the board.
The Southern Player purchases and places his new pieces first.
PRODUCTION POINTS
The player totals his “Production Points” (PP’s) by adding up all “Friendly”
Cities and multiplying by 10.
NOTE: The numbers next to each city do not apply in the Basic Game.
In the Basic Game all cities have a value of “10”.
Friendly Cities are:
1) Those within a player’s borders (Blue for the Northern player, and gray
for the Southern player) that are not occupied by enemy pieces, and
2) Those that are within the Border States (St. Louis, Louisville, and
Washington D.C.) that have at least one of the player’s pieces in it
(not counting Leader pieces)
There are 11 Northern Cities, 13 Southern Cities, and 3 Border Cities.
The Northern Player begins the game owning Washington D.C. and St.
Louis (Both players start with Cities worth 130 PP’s).
NOTE: Washington D.C. is a Border City for purposes of Production,
but it is treated as a Northern City for purposes of Winning the Game
(see Winning above). This is because the City on the game map actually
represents Washington D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland. While Washington was the
Capital of the North, Baltimore was a very populous city and filled with Southern
sympathizers.
BUYING NEW PIECES
The pieces have the following costs:
Piece Production Point Cost
Infantry 10
Cavalry 15
Artillery 20
Leader 20
Any Production Points that are not used are lost. Use ‘em or lose ‘em.
PLACING THE NEW PIECES
Newly purchased pieces may be placed anywhere within a player’s borders
(Blue for the Northern player and gray for the Southern player). However,
only one new piece may be placed in any one Region or City. No pieces
may be placed in Regions or Cities that have enemy pieces in them. No
new pieces may be placed within the other player’s borders or in the
Border States.

The Standard Rules
The Game
The American Civil War is a game of grand strategy and tactical battles.
The players take control of the war effort of the North or the South
from Fort Sumter until the end of the war. Will the Union be preserved,
or will the Confederacy become independent? The players’ decisions
will determine which will occur. The players can build armies of steady
Infantry, swift Cavalry, and deadly Artillery, or spend their production
training great generals and their staffs, building up their nation’s Navies,
or their nation’s Rail Capacity. Political or Diplomatic Initiatives can also
turn the tide. By Emancipating the Slaves, Enacting Conscription, Capturing
the Enemy’s Capital City, or Winning on the Battlefield, either side may
change the direction of the war. They may also influence the great
European Powers to intervene in the conflict.
The players maneuver armies across a map of the United States from
1861-1865 and parts of Canada and Mexico. Once the armies collide,
tactical battles are fought: Infantry clashes, cavalry charges, artillery fires,
and great generals lead charges or rally the troops. When one army’s
battle-line is broken, it retreats. Vigorous pursuit by the victorious army
can devastate the defeated forces. The capture of enemy cities reduces the
opponent’s ability to produce and support his armies, and ultimately leads
to total victory.
The Pieces
The pieces represent Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery units (referred to as
Units) or great generals that inspired their troops to heroic feats. The
Infantry and Cavalry units roughly represent divisions (approximately 5,000
men) and the Artillery units represent battalions (approximately 16 cannons).
Union units are Blue, Confederate Units are Gray, British/ Canadian units
are Red, and French units are Light Blue.
INFANTRY: The backbone of the armies in the Civil War. Infantry
armed with the new rifled muskets firing minié ball ammunition were
deadly at up to 500 yards. This made the tactic of “the glorious
bayonet charge” bloody and wasteful. Infantry moves 1. In battle it
has 1 Battle Action and may Charge or Fire.
Standard Rules
CAVALRY: (Brown Horses) The rifled musket and minié’ ball also
spelled the end of the cavalry charge against formed infantry. Cavalry
of the era were valuable in raiding behind enemy lines, scouting,
covering the army’s flanks, and pursuing a beaten enemy. Expensive to
create, a commander who misuses his cavalry will become familiar with defeat.
Cavalry moves 2. In battle it has 2 Battle Actions and may Charge or Fire.
ELITE CAVALRY: (Black Horses) Certain cavalry units
distinguished themselves as far superior to most others. Due to strong
leadership, great horsemanship, and dash, they were able to perform
feats beyond the abilities of average cavalry. Elite Cavalry moves 2.
In battle it has 2 Battle Actions and may Charge or Fire. Elite Cavalry are
the only units that may fire twice in one battle phase. They
are also deadly in pursuit.
ARTILLERY: Artillery was treated as a supporting arm for the
numerous infantry formations that made up the majority of the armies
of the period. Able to bombard the enemy with solid shot and shell at
well over one thousand yards, it was also able to blast charging enemy
forces with canister at close range. An army with a significant advantage in artillery
can stand off and pound its hapless opponent at long range, and devastate their
ranks if they dare to advance. Artillery moves 1. In battle it has 1 Battle Action
and may only Fire (though it may fire at a range of 2 battle areas).
LEADERS: (Black Horses) Leader pieces in the game represent
several things:
1) Charismatic commanders who can inspire their troops to perform
better: attacking with élan and rallying when discouraged.
2) Outstanding tacticians who have the ability to find the enemy’s
weaknesses.
3) The entire command structure that is capable of effectively controlling
a large army on the battlefield.
All of these aspects allow an army to launch more effective attacks and to have more
staying power when the shooting starts. Good leaders often make the difference
between victory and defeat. Leaders move 2. In battle they have 2 Battle
Actions, may Rally troops that have been forced to retreat, or influence
charge combat. Leaders may not be attacked directly in battle.
FLAG BEARERS: These pieces are used to represent the major
armies on the map. Whenever a player wishes, he may replace
a group of units (army) with a Flag Bearer piece. The units are
then placed on the edge of the map. The battle line vignettes
on the left and right edges of the map are ideal for this, easily showing
which army is in the East (right) and West (left).
9
Standard Rules
Leader Infantry Cavalry Artillery
The Map
The map is divided into Regions to determine production, movement, and
ownership. The Regions are cities or subdivisions of states (or provinces for
Canada). For the purposes of the game (movement and battle), cities are
treated the same as the larger regions. Regions start out being owned by
the Northern player (Blue), the Southern Player (Gray), or neither player
(Green for Border States that start the war neutral, Red for Canada owned
by Great Britain, and Brown for Mexico). Oceans and lakes are depicted in
blue. No units may move into the oceans or lakes except for amphibious
movement (see below). No pieces may move into the Indian Territory or
Western “Territories” on the left edge of the board. Rivers are decorative
and serve no function in the game. They do not divide Regions.
The Union player owns all blue regions and the Confederate player owns
all gray regions at the beginning of the game. These regions do not need
to be occupied by the owning player to remain owned and count toward
production. However, in order to “own” a region that is not the player’s
starting color, at least one unit (infantry, cavalry, or artillery; not a leader)
must remain in the region. If there are no units in a region at all, it reverts
to its original owner (based on its color), even if it was occupied by an
enemy unit previously.
Only the units from a single side may occupy a region at one time. If units
from the enemy player move into a region with friendly units, a battle
occurs (see Tactical Battles below). However, allied units may occupy the
same region and even fight battles together. (For example, if Great Britain
has “fully intervened” and is an ally of the Confederacy, its units may
occupy the same region as Confederate units).
10
Setting Up the Pieces
There are two ways to play The American Civil War: Historical and
Balanced. The Historical Game is for players that want to start the war
with historical deployments and explore various options within historical
parameters. The Balanced Game is for players who are more interested in
an even game than recreating history. The setup instructions for both
Games appear in the back of this manual under the heading: Scenarios.
How to Win
The South was determined to fight vigorously for its independence. The only
way that the North could win the war and restore the Union was to invade the
South and occupy every major city. On the other hand, the North was not directly
threatened, and so was fighting for an idea: National Unity or “Union”. The idea
of holding the country together was a strong one, but not so strong that major losses
on the battlefield could be withstood indefinitely. A long bloody stalemate or a
highly successful invasion of the North by Southern or European armies would
create a massive anti-war movement. One so strong that it would end the war
with the country split in two.
The Union player wins if he or she simultaneously occupies every Southern
(gray) and Border-State (green) city before the end of the December 1865
turn. A city is occupied when it has at least one of the player’s units
(Infantry, Cavalry, or Artillery) in it at the end of a monthly turn.
The Confederate player wins if he or she can prevent the Union victory
condition above, or if he simultaneously occupies 6 Union cities (blue) at
the end of the turn (month). For this purpose, Washington D.C. counts as
2 Northern cities. So if the Confederate player captures Washington D.C.,
he or she must only capture 4 other Northern cities while holding
Washington in order to win the game.
Sequence of Play
Each complete turn represents one month of the war. The Confederate
player moves first. After all pieces that the Confederate player wants to
move have been moved, all battles are resolved (in the order that the
moving player decides). The Union player then moves and all battles
are resolved. The turn marker is then advanced to the next month.
After every quarter (three months) is complete (after March, June, September,
and December), Naval Battles may be declared, then Political Initiatives may
be performed, followed by Production of new units (see below).
 Standard Rules
The sequence is: Rail Movement
The moving player may move units on railroads. The unit that wishes to
- Confederate Move/ Resolve Battles move on a railroad must start its turn in a city connected to a railroad and
- Union Move/ Resolve Battles the unit must not have already moved during that turn. The player may
- Move Date Marker then move the unit as far as he wants along the rail lines, as long as he does
not enter or cross regions or cities that are owned or occupied by the other
- Confederate Move/ Resolve Battles player. (pieces may not rail into battle.) Units may end their rail movement
- Union Move/ Resolve Battles in any region along the path (does not have to be a city). Pieces traveling by
rail may not move again in the same turn (rail movement takes their entire
- Move Date Marker
turn). Players may move as many pieces on railroads every turn, as he or
she has “Rail Stock” points (Rail Stock Points Used: Cavalry units count as
- Confederate Move/ Resolve Battles “2” and Leaders count as “0”, Infantry and Artillery count as “1”).
- Union Move/ resolve Battles
- Move Date Marker The Union starts the game with 7 Rail Stock points. New Rail Stock points
may be built during production and cost the Union 10 production points.
- Declare Naval Battles The Confederacy starts the game with 4 Rail Stock points. New Rail
- Political Initiatives Stock points may be built during production and cost the Confederacy 12
- Production production points. Players should keep track of their Rail Stock points on
- Begin the Sequence Again the edge of the board where it says “Rail Stock”. Infantry pieces may be
used for this purpose.

Movement Amphibious Movement

The Confederate player moves first every turn, followed by the Union
player. The player’s allies, if any, move during the player’s turn with the
player’s regular units.
Land Movement
There are four types of pieces that move. Infantry and Artillery may move
one region per turn. Cavalry and Leaders may move two regions per turn.
If a piece enters a Region that contains an opponent’s unit, a Battle is fought
(see “Tactical Battles” below), and it may not move further that turn.
Units may not move into Canada or Mexico unless war is first declared on
Great Britain and France (see Political Initiatives below). Units may not ever
move into the Indian Territory or the Western “Territories”.
Units may be moved from any seaport (a city adjacent to the ocean) to any
other region adjacent to the ocean (or the Gulf of Mexico) instead of moving
by land. The maximum number of units that may move “amphibiously” in
a player’s turn is equal to that player’s “Naval Rating” (Cavalry units count
as 2, Infantry and Artillery count as 1, and Leaders count as 0). If Units land
in a region occupied by enemy units, a battle is fought. The landing units
fight that battle at a disadvantage: –1 for all Charge attack rolls and –1 for
all Fire attack rolls for the landing player in that battle. Also, if the player
who is landing amphibiously loses the battle, his army may not retreat: all
of his units that were involved in that battle are eliminated.
Any time an amphibious movement is attempted, the non-moving player
may attempt to “intercept” the movement by declaring a “Naval Battle”
(see below). If the moving player loses the naval battle, or it is a draw, the
entire movement is cancelled and all surviving units return to where they
came from. If the moving player loses any Naval Rating points, he also
loses an equal number of units that were being transported (his pick).

The Union player starts the game with a Naval Rating of 5. New Naval
Rating points may be built during production and cost the Union 10 11
production points.
Standard Rules

The Confederate player starts the game with a Naval Rating of 1.
New Naval Rating points may be built during production and cost
the Confederacy 15 production points.
Players should keep track of their Naval Rating on the right side of the
board where it says “Naval Rating”.
Emancipation of the Slaves
Either player may declare “Emancipation”, however only one player may do
so during the game. The North may only declare Emancipation after win-
ning a battle wherein they eliminate 8 or more Southern units, but the
South may declare Emancipation during any political initiative phase with-
out restriction.

North: If the Northern player declares Emancipation, two things happen:

Naval Battles 1) The Southern player immediately gets 6 new infantry units that may
Naval Battles in The American Civil War are handled abstractly. There are be placed in any region/ city controlled by the Southern player. (Max.
no special pieces that represent the two navies. The relative strengths of 1 per Region)
the Union and Confederate navies are tracked on the board in the Naval 2) The “European Support & Intervention Rating” immediately goes to
Rating area. “12” (making it impossible for the South to get aid from Europe until
the Rating is reduced).
Naval Battles may be declared by either player once every three months
during the Naval Battles phase (after the third turn and before political ini- South: If the Southern player declares Emancipation, four things happen:
tiatives). If neither player wants to initiate a naval battle, then the phase 1) The “European Support & Intervention Rating” immediately goes to
ends and they move on to the Political Initiatives Phase. “5” unless it is already lower.
2) Roll two dice for every State (some are more than one region) in the
Naval Battles may also occur if one player is attempting an amphibious Confederacy that is not entirely occupied by Northern units. On an
landing (see above) and the other player declares that he is attempting to “8” or higher, that state leaves the Confederacy, forms its own gov-
intercept. ernment. Any Confederate units in the State must be immediately
placed in the closest region that is still part of the Confederacy. The
If a naval battle is declared, both players roll two dice. They then add their newly independent state places 1-3 units of infantry (use light blue) in
Naval Rating to their dice roll and compare the totals. If it is a tie, there is no each unoccupied region to protect itself. These units cannot move,
result and the phase ends. If, however, one side has a larger total, the loser but will fight any units (North or South) that move in.
subtracts points from his or her Naval Rating based on the following chart: 3) Confederate player rolls one die for each unit in the Confederate
Army. On a “1” or a “2” that unit is disbanded/ eliminated. They
Lose by Resulting loss of Naval Rating Points simply went home.
1-3 lose 1 Naval Rating Point 4) Add 12 production points to the C.S.A. total. This represents black
4-6 lose 2 Naval Rating Points troops that are able to be recruited into the Confederate Army.
7 or more lose 3 Naval Rating Points
Conscription
Political Initiatives Either player may declare conscription once per game, at any time that
Every three turns, before production, each player may choose one “Political they choose. If the North declares it, they add 20 production points to
Initiative” from the list below. The Confederate player goes first, then the their total for the remainder of the game. The Northern player must then
Union player. roll 2 dice for each of the following cities: Boston, New York, Chicago, and
■ Emancipation of the Slaves
Philadelphia (if they are not occupied by Southern units). If an “8” or higher
■ Conscription
is rolled, riots break out in that city. 1-6 units of infantry/ rioters appear in
■ Diplomacy to Europe the rioting city (Roll one die and use Lt. Blue Infantry). They will fight any
■ Seek Support/ Intervention (South Only) Union units that are in, or move into the city. The affected cities will not
■ Declare War on Great Britain, France, and Canada (North Only) add production points to the player’s total until the rioters have been elimi-
12 nated. Rioters may not be moved out of the city.

If the South declares Conscription, they add 15 production points to their
total for the remainder of the game. The cities that must roll for a potential
riot are: Richmond, Atlanta, and New Orleans (if they are not occupied by
Northern units). The affected cities will not add production points to the
player’s total until the rioters have been eliminated.
Diplomacy to Europe
If the Northern player chooses diplomacy, a gift in the form of lucrative
trade deals worth 10 production points from the next production phase
is given to the European Countries (Britain and France). The effect of
this is to increase the European Intervention Rating by one.
If the Southern player chooses diplomacy, a gift in the form of cotton
worth 10 production points from the next production phase is given to
the European Countries (Britain and France). The effect of this is to
decrease the European Intervention Rating by one.
Seek Support & Intervention (South Only)
The South desperately wanted the approval and help of England and France during
the Civil War. She knew that she did not have the manpower or the industrial
strength of the North, and would require outside help to outfit and arm her armies if
she was going to be able to meet the northern invaders on equal terms. The South
hoped that British and French dislike for the U.S. (based on the Monroe Doctrine
and competition in trade) combined with a need for the South’s cotton would compel
them to aid the South with war supplies or even join her in her struggle for freedom
from the Union.
The Confederacy may seek European involvement in the war. When this
option is chosen, the Southern player rolls two dice and compares the result
to the “European Support & Intervention Rating”. If the roll is equal to or
greater than the rating, the Confederate player gets 15 extra production
points during the next production phase (only if the Southern player still
owns a port). If the roll is three or more higher than the Support &
Intervention Rating, then Britain and France “Fully Intervene” (see “War
with Europe” below).
The Support & Intervention Rating starts the game at “8” and is effected
by Diplomacy (see above), Emancipation (see above), The Capture of
Capitals, and the outcome of major battles (major battles are those that
have at least 6 units on both sides). When the Union wins a major battle,
the Support & Intervention Rating goes up a point. When the Confederacy
wins a major battle, the Support & Intervention Rating goes down a point.
If Richmond is captured by the Northern Player, the Rating goes up 2
points. If Washington D.C. is captured by the Southern Player, the Rating
goes down 2 points.
Standard Rules
Declare War on Britain, France, and Canada
(North only)
Angered by Britain and France’s support of the South, and with an eye toward
adding Canada to the U.S., the North could have declared war and launched an
army into the Great White North. Given the way that the war went (Britain not
helping the South very much, France unwilling to get involved without Britain’s help,
and a long, costly war that did not free up any large armies to send north), this did
not occur, but it might have.
The Northern player may choose to declare war and invade Canada. This
declaration is required before any units may move into Canada or Mexico.
(see “War with Europe” below)
WAR WITH EUROPE
If Great Britain and France go to war with the North (either due to a decla-
ration of war by the Union, or because of intervention due to a roll of 3 or
more over the European Intervention Rating by the Southern player), the
following things occur:
■ France takes over Mexico and places 4 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, and 2
Artillery units anywhere in Mexico (the Southern player can place
them). During the production phases thereafter France gets 5 produc-
tion points from Mexico City plus 15 from France. New French units
must be built in Mexico City only. If Mexico City is captured by
Northern or Revolutionary units, France is out of the war.
■ During the Union production phases thereafter, the union player may
roll one die for each region in Mexico except Mexico City. On a roll
of 4, 5, or 6, 1-3 units of Mexican Revolutionaries (use red infantry)
appear in that region. These units fight the French and are controlled
by the Union player, but may never leave Mexico.
■ The Southern player may also place 3 units of British Infantry, 1
Cavalry, and 1 Artillery anywhere in Canada. The British get all
Canadian production points plus 20 from Great Britain. Newly built
British units may only be placed in any Canadian City. If all three
cities in Canada are occupied simultaneously by the Northern player,
the British are out of the war.
■ The Confederate Naval rating immediately goes up 10 points.
■ The Confederate player gets 20 additional production points during
every production phase as long as he or she owns at least one
Southern port city.
13
Standard Rules

Production PRODUCTION CHART:

Each city represented on the board has a certain Production Point (PP) value. Cost to North
This represents the economic value of that city and the surrounding regions. Unit Built or European Cost to South
(This includes such things as population, industrial production, and trade.)
Production Points may be used to “purchase” new units, Naval Rating Infantry 9 8
points, Rail Stock Points, or to influence the European Nations. Cavalry 15 11
Elite Cavalry 18 13
After every quarter (three turns) (after March, June, September, and Artillery 15 16
December), a Production Phase occurs. Both players total the production Leaders 19 12
points in the friendly and neutral cities that they own. For the purposes Rail Stock 10 12
of production, Washington D.C. is counted as a Neutral City (It must be Naval Rating 10 15
occupied by an army to be owned, and can give PP’s to either player.
This is because the Washington D.C. city/region represents both In the Civil War, each of the two combatants had strengths and weaknesses that are
Washington D.C. as well as Baltimore.) borne out in the production costs. The differences in unit cost for the Union and
Confederate player represent the vast advantage that the North enjoyed in
Points can only be counted for the friendly cities that the player owns (those Manpower and Industrial resources, and the advantage that the South enjoyed in
that are the player’s color, and are not occupied by enemy units), or the neu- military leadership and cavalry expertise. The North’s strong industrial base allowed
tral cities that the player occupies with at least one unit (Infantry, Cavalry, them to manufacture railroads, locomotives, ships, and artillery in greater quantity
or Artillery). Any enemy cities that are occupied are not counted toward and of better quality. The South’s aristocratic, military, and backwoods traditions
the total, but prevent the opposing player from being able to use those combined to give them superior cavalry and tactical leadership, especially early in the
points. (For Example: The Northern player has one infantry unit in St. Louis, and war. The North’s advantages became more and more pronounced throughout the
another in Memphis. He may add the 10 PP’s for St. Louis, but not those from war as the blockade took effect, the South’s economy wore down, inflation grew
Memphis. However, the Southern player does not get the points from Memphis worse, and the losses on the battlefield were harder and harder to replace from the
either. ) Confederacy’s much smaller population.

Any additional points from Conscription, European Support, or Southern To simulate this, the cost of all pieces, new Rail Stock, and Naval Rating
Emancipation (see above) are then added to or subtracted from the produc- points for the Southern player go up one production point at the start (the
tion point total. If The European powers have entered the war, their January turn) of each year. For example: A new cavalry unit that would cost the
production point totals are kept separately, and they buy their own units. Confederate player 11 production points in 1861, would cost 15 points in 1865.

After totaling each belligerent’s production points, each player takes turns
using them to build new units (see chart below for unit costs). The
Confederate player builds first.
New Units may be placed in any friendly territory (territory in the player’s
color) that is not occupied by enemy units. A maximum of one unit may be
placed in each region or city in any given Production Phase.
Tactical Battles
When an army moves into a region occupied by a hostile army, a tactical
battle occurs. Tactical battles are fought after all pieces have been moved
for that player’s turn. All movement must be completed before any battles
are fought, and no movement may occur after a battle is fought (except
Retreats – see below). Battles may be fought in any order that the moving
player decides.

14

The two armies are placed opposite each other, and a divider is placed
between them so that the players cannot see the deployment of their
opponent’s pieces (the gamebox works well for this). The players then
“deploy” their respective armies into “Battle Lines”. When their
deployments are complete, the divider is removed and the battle begins.
BATTLE AREAS
The Tactical Battlefield is divided into “Battle Areas” for purposes of move-
ment and attacking. The layout of these Battle Areas depends on the size of
the battle (see “Deployment” below). Any number of pieces may occupy a
Battle Area.
DEPLOYMENT
There are two sizes of tactical battles:
Skirmishes are small battles (when either combatant has five or fewer units,
not counting leaders). Skirmishes do not affect “European Intervention”.
Major Battles are large battles (when both armies have 6 or more units, not
counting leaders).
Standard Rules
A player’s “Battle Line” is made up of the Battle Area(s) between his
“Reserve” Area and the “Middle” Areas on the Tactical Battlefield (see
diagrams below).
In a Skirmish, the “Battle Line” consists of one “Battle Area” (see diagram),
and the players set up their forces in that single battle area and/or in the
“Reserve Area”. Units in the Reserve cannot fire, engage in Charge attacks,
or be attacked in any way as long as they remain there. Units may move
into or out of the reserve area like any other battle area.
NOTE: There is no Tactical Battlefield mat included in the game, as it is unneces-
sary. When deploying, the player groups his units in three groups to form his Battle
Line (one group for a skirmish), and a fourth group behind them (if any) in Reserve.
During Battle, units moved into the “Middle” Area(s) are easy to see, and any
retreating troops are placed behind the Reserve Area facing away from the battle.
This leaves the players the flexibility to fight their battles anywhere without the need
for extra space for a mat.

Skirmish: Battlefield
Player A’s Retreat Area

Player A’s Reserve Area

Player A’s Setup
Player A’s Battle Area

Middle Area Divider

Player B’s Battle Area

Player B’s Setup
Player B’s Reserve Area

Player B’s Retreat Area

15
 Major Battle: Battlefield
Standard Rules

Player A’s Retreat Area

Player A’s Reserve Area

Player A’s Setup
Player A’s Player A’s Player A’s Player A’s
Battle Line Right Center Left

Middle Flank Middle Center Middle Flank Divider

Player B’s Player B’s Player B’s Player B’s

Battle Line Left Center Right
Player B’s Setup
Player B’s Reserve Area

Player B’s Retreat Area

In a Major Battle, the Battle Line consists of three Battle Areas (Left, Center, and Right – see diagram), and the
players set up their forces in all three Battle Areas and/or in the Reserve. In both cases, at least one unit must be
placed in each battle area that makes up the Battle Line at the start of the battle. After both sides have set up
their armies, the divider is removed and the battle may begin.

SEQUENCE OF BATTLE/ BATTLE PHASES

Battles are divided into four unique “Phases”. The sequence of phases in
each battle turn are:
1) Cavalry Phase: Cavalry units may Move, Charge, or Fire (each costs
1 “Battle Action” – see below). Cavalry pieces have 2 Battle Actions
per Cavalry Phase. First the attacker, then the defender may act, using
any, all, or none of their cavalry units.
2) Artillery Phase: Artillery units may Move or Fire (each costs 1 Battle
Action). First the attacker, then the defender may act, using any, all,
or none of their artillery units.
3) Infantry Phase: Infantry units may Move, Charge, or Fire (each
costs 1 Battle Action). First the attacker, then the defender may act,
using any, all, or none of their infantry units.
4) Leader Phase: Leaders may Move or Rally (They can only Rally if
16 in the Reserve Area). First the attacker, then the defender may act,
using any, all, or none of their leader pieces.
These phases are repeated until the battle ends (see “Winning the Battle”
below)
BATTLE ACTIONS
Each piece has a certain number of “Battle Actions”: Infantry and Artillery
have 1; Cavalry and Leaders have 2. These are essentially the number of
things that a unit or Leader can do during its proper Battle Phase. During
the proper Battle Phase, a player may spend a piece’s Battle Action(s) to
Move, Fire, Charge, or Rally (Artillery may not Charge, and only Leaders
may Rally). If a piece has one battle action, it may only choose one of its
available options. If a piece has two Battle Action Points, it may choose any
two options (or two of the same option). Cavalry may not choose to fire
twice, though Elite Cavalry may.

TACTICAL MOVEMENT
If a player chooses to use a piece’s Battle Action to move, he may move the
piece from any Battle Area to any adjacent Battle Area with the following
exceptions:
1) When enemy units are in a Battle Area adjacent to the friendly piece
to be moved, it may not move into a Battle Area that also has enemy
units adjacent. (i.e. Units may not move from an area adjacent to the
enemy to another area adjacent to the enemy). This is similar to “Zone
of Control” rules in many traditional wargames.
2) Units in the Retreat Area may not move until Rallied
(see “Leaders” below)
ATTACKING
During their “Phase”, Units may use one Battle Action to “attack” an
enemy unit in a Battle Area that is adjacent. Attacks may be either “Fire”
or “Charge” (see below). Artillery may “Fire” at enemy units 2 areas
away if there are no units in the area between them. Attacks may only
be directed at enemy units directly in front of the attacking unit (not
diagonal or sideways).
For example: A Confederate Infantry unit is in the Left Flank, Middle Battle
Area. It may Fire or Charge Union units directly in front of it in the Union’s
Right Flank area. It may not fire or charge Union units in the Union Center,
or in the Center Middle (sideways).
■ FIRE ATTACK: Fire attacks consist of rolling volleys of musket fire
directed at the enemy from a distance. This is a safe method in the
sense that the attacker cannot lose, but it may not have any effect on
the defender. When declaring a fire attack, the attacker chooses a
target, rolls two dice, and then compares the total to the “Fire Chart”
below. If the total is equal to or greater than the number on the chart
for that type of unit and target, then a hit is scored. If a hit is scored,
roll one die to determine what happens to the unit that was hit. If a
4-6 is rolled, the unit is placed in the “Retreat Area” behind the own-
ing player’s “Reserve Area” (Units in the retreat area may be rallied
later [see rally below]). If a 1-3 is rolled, then the unit is destroyed
and removed from play (50%). Note: Cavalry and Elite Cavalry are
only destroyed on a 1 or 2 (33%)
Standard Rules
FIRE CHART
DEFENDING UNIT
ATTACKING UNIT
INF. CAV. ART.
INF. 8 9 10
CAV. 9 9 10
ART 6/8* 7/9* 7/9*
* Artillery may fire 2 battle areas (no diagonal) as long as there are no units
between them and their target. The first number in the chart above is the
number to hit at a range of one, and the second is the number to hit at a
range of two.
■ CHARGE ATTACK: A charge consists of Infantry or Cavalry charg-
ing into the enemy position to engage in close combat (Artillery may
not charge). Charging is more decisive than firing, but is more risky.
After the moving player declares a charge attack and picks the target
unit, both players roll two dice, add any modifiers (see chart below)
and compare the results. If either player wins by one or two, the
loser moves his unit into the “Retreat Area”. If either player wins by
3 or more, then the losing unit is destroyed and removed from play.
If the defender is Cavalry being attacked by Infantry, the Cavalry unit
may choose to avoid contact by retreating into Reserve before the
dice are rolled. This is called “Avoiding” and gives the Cavalry units in
the game the ability to “skirmish” and delay an enemy attack without
becoming seriously engaged. This was an important function of cavalry
during the Civil War.
Artillery units may not be charged as long as there are any Infantry
or Cavalry units in the same Battle Area with it. These other units are
“covering” the Artillery unit. During the war, artillery units that were left
unprotected were easy prey. However, when adequately covered by nearby
infantry, it was very difficult for the enemy to come to grips with an artillery
unit which would just fall back a short distance while the covering force
engaged the enemy.
17
Standard Rules
CHARGE COMBAT CHART (Modifiers for the Attacker)
DEFENDING UNIT
ATTACKING
INF. CAV ART
UNIT
INF. +0 +2* +3**
CAV. -2 +0 +3**
* Defending Cavalry can withdraw to the reserve when attacked by
infantry to avoid melee, if it chooses to do so
** Artillery cannot be charged as long as there is at least one Infantry or
Cavalry unit in the same Battle Area with the Artillery
OTHER CHARGE MODIFIERS:
■ +1 for units in a Battle Area containing a leader (more than one leader
in a Battle Area does not give any additional advantage)
■ Elite Cavalry gets +1 in addition to the normal Modifier for Cavalry
LEADERS
Leader pieces have two special abilities: Firstly, when in a Battle Area,
they add a +1 modifier to all charge combat in that Battle Area. Secondly,
leaders that are in the reserve area may attempt to rally units that are in the
retreat area. To attempt a rally, roll two dice for each attempt. On a roll of
“7” or higher the unit is rallied, it is moved from the retreat area into the
reserve area, and may be moved during its next phase. Units in the retreat
area may not move out unless rallied by a leader in reserve.
Leaders may not be targeted like other units. They may be eliminated
as a result of fire or charge combat that takes place the battle area that
they occupy. If the opposing player rolls an “11” or “12” for his fire
roll or charge roll during any combat with a unit in the battle area that
contains a leader, that leader is eliminated. A leader may also be
eliminated when successfully targeted in “Pursuit” (see below).
WINNING THE BATTLE
Civil War battles usually saw both armies drawn up in long “battle lines” facing
each other. The usual strategy was to break the enemy’s line, attempting to flank it
or to pierce it. If a battle line was broken, the enemy could pour through the gap and
get behind the army, forcing the enemy to retreat rather than be overwhelmed.
18
The objective in each battle is to break the enemy’s Battle Line (one Area in
Skirmishes, and three Areas wide in Major Battles. To maintain his Battle
Line, a player must keep at least one unit (Leaders do not count) in each
Battle Area of his Battle Line (Left, Center, and Right in Major Battles).
Middle Areas count for this as well (i.e. If a player has no units in one of
his Battle Line Areas, but has a unit or units in the Middle Area in front of
it, his Battle Line is still intact. (i.e. His Battle Line still has a Left Flank, a
Center, and a Right Flank) (see “Battle Line Examples”)
Once a player has lost all units in one of his Battle Line Areas (Left, center,
or Right), he has lost. After a player’s Battle Line is broken, all of the loser’s
remaining units join his units in the Retreat Area, and all are subject to
“Pursuit” (see below). After Pursuit occurs, all surviving units of the losing
army must retreat as follows:
1) If they were the attacking army, the pieces move to one or more of
the regions that they came from.
2) If they were the defending army, the pieces move into any adjacent
region that is not occupied by enemy units. Defeated defending
armies may not retreat into a region from which attacking armies
entered that battle.
3) If an army cannot retreat, all of its pieces are eliminated.
NOTE: If neither player fires or moves a unit into the Middle Area(s) for two entire
Battle Turns (Twice through all Phases), the battle ends as a
victory for the Defender and the Attacker must retreat (and is pursued).
NOTE: A player may voluntarily retreat at any time after the first full
Battle Turn (all four phases). This is done in any phase before any of his pieces use
any battle actions in that phase. He thereby loses the battle
and is subject to pursuit.
 Battle Line Examples:

Standard Rules
Player A’s
Battle Line
Player B’s
OK
Battle Line
Player B’s
Battle Line
B’s Left B’s Center B’s Right

Player B’s
OK
Battle Line

B’s Left B’s Center B’s Right

Player B’s
Broken
Battle Line

Left Flank Empty

B’s Left B’s Center B’s Right

19
Standard Rules

PURSUIT Battle Example:

When a battle is over, the side that won gets one last chance to inflict losses
on the defeated army as it retreats. All Infantry, Cavalry, and Elite Cavalry
units in the victorious army (except those in the retreat area) get to roll one
die and consult the chart below. Any rolls equal to or greater than the num-
ber on the chart results in the destruction of the targeted unit.

After Pursuit, all of the winner’s units in the Retreat Area at the end of a
battle rejoin the victorious army.

PURSUIT CHART
DEFENDING UNIT
ATTACKING UNIT

INF. CAV. ART. LEADER

Infantry 6 - 6 6
Cavalry 5 6 4 5
Elite Cavalry 4 5 3 4

If the defeated player has any remaining Cavalry units (or Elite Cavalry) at
the end of the battle (not counting those in the retreat area), then only
Cavalry and Elite cavalry may pursue from the victorious army. In addition,
the Cavalry units that are “covering” the retreat must be eliminated before
any other targets may be chosen.
20
SETUP
A Confederate army (9 Infantry, 2 Artillery, and 1 Cavalry) is being attacked
by a Union army (11 Infantry, 2 Artillery, and 2 Cavalry). The Confederate
Player chooses to spread his forces out relatively evenly, while the Union
player deploys his main effort on his Right Flank.

CAVALRY PHASE (TURN 1)
The Union player moves first (attacker), and decides to kick off his attack
on his right with two Cavalry units. Each Cavalry unit uses one Battle
Action to move into the Middle Area on the Right Flank. They then use
their remaining Battle Action to Fire at the enemy. They both target an
Infantry unit (9 or higher to hit rolling two dice). The Union player rolls
a “5” and a “10” for one “hit”. The Union player then rolls one die to
see what happens to the unit that was hit. The result is a “5” (1, 2, 3 =
elimination & 4, 5, 6 = retreat for Infantry and Artillery), and the
Confederate Infantry unit is placed in the “Retreat” Area. The Confederate
player decides to not move his Cavalry just yet, saving him to cover
a possible retreat.
Standard Rules
ARTILLERY PHASE (TURN 1)
The Union player Fires his two Artillery units at the Confederate Infantry
in the Center. At a range of 2, the Artillery units need an “8” or higher to
hit Infantry. The Union player rolls a “7” and an “8”: One more hit. He
then rolls one die and gets a “1” and the Confederate Infantry is eliminated.
The Confederate player now fires his Artillery unit on his Left Flank (the
Union player’s Right). At close range (1 Battle Area), the Artillery needs a
”7” or higher to hit Cavalry. The Rebel player rolls a “9” and hits! The Hit
Result roll is a “3” which means that the Cavalry retreats (3, 4, 5, 6 = retreat
for Cavalry & 1, 2 = elimination). The Confederate player now rolls for a
long range shot with his Right Flank Artillery unit at the Union Infantry
unit. He rolls an “11” (2 dice) followed by a “3” (1 die) resulting in a hit
and a kill!
21
Standard Rules

INFANTRY PHASE (TURN 1) CAVALRY PHASE (TURN 2)

The Union player decides to launch his all-out attack on the Right Flank and The Union player decides to get his Cavalry out of harm’s way and
moves all of his Infantry on that Flank into the Middle. He also decides to moves him back to his Right Flank Battle Area and then over to his Center.
move his Infantry unit that was in the Reserve as well as one of the Infantry The Confederate player is still unsure of the outcome of the battle, and
units from his Center to reinforce the Left Flank. leaves his Cavalry in reserve.
The Confederate player fires his two Infantry units on his Left Flank at the
advancing Union Infantry (8 or higher to hit), but rolls a “4” and a “7”. He
then moves two Infantry from his Right Flank to his Center and the Two
Infantry that started the phase in the Center to his threatened Left Flank to
shore it up.

LEADER PHASE (TURN 1)

Neither player has any Leader units in this battle, so this phase is skipped.

22

ARTILLERY PHASE (TURN 2)
The Union player fires his Artillery at long range (“8” or higher to hit
Infantry) rolling a “7” and an “8” for one hit. The Hit Result roll is “6”
and the Confederate Infantry retreats.
The Confederate player rolls a “7” for his short range shot on his Left Flank
(“6” needed to hit Infantry at a range of one). The Hit Result roll is a “2”
resulting in the elimination of the Union Infantry. The long range shot
from the Artillery unit on the Confederate player’s Right Flank is a miss.
Standard Rules
INFANTRY PHASE (TURN 2)
The Union Player can now attack six times on his Right Flank. He decides
to Charge with all of them. Although this is risky to his troops, he has the
Confederate Infantry there outnumbered so he decides to make an all-out
assault. Both players roll two dice for each Charge attack (There are no
modifiers for Leaders and +0 for Infantry vs. Infantry).
The results are:
Union 8 vs. Confederate 5 = Confederate eliminated
Union 3 vs. Confederate 5 = Union retreat
Union 6 vs. Confederate 9 = Union eliminated
Union 9 vs. Confederate 10 = Union retreat
Union 11 vs. Confederate 6 = Confederate eliminated
Union 7 vs. Confederate 6 = Confederate retreat
The Union player also decides to put some pressure on the now weak
Confederate Right Flank. He advances his three Infantry from his Left
Flank into the Middle. He also backs up this attack with the Infantry
from the Center.
The Confederate player fires his Infantry on his Right Flank at the
advancing Yankees and rolls a hit, which results in an elimination.
His Left Flank Infantry fires and misses. 23
Standard Rules
LEADER PHASE (TURN 2)
Skipped.
CAVALRY PHASE (TURN 3)
The Union player leaves his Cavalry in his Center to guard his Artillery.
The Confederate player sees that his Center is weak, and decides to sacri-
fice his Cavalry by moving it into the Middle Center. This is a very risky
move because if his Cavalry is hit, it cannot cover his retreat if he should
lose the battle. Despite this, the Confederate player believes that he might
be able to pull off a victory since he now has two Artillery shots coming at
close range. A major victory would sure look good in London.
24
ARTILLERY PHASE (TURN 3)
The Union player fires at the Confederate Cavalry in the Center and hits on
his first attempt. The hit results in a retreat. The second Artillery unit may
now target the last remaining unit covering the Confederate Center. The
Union player rolls a “6”: not good enough! The Confederate line holds –
for now.
The Confederate player fires his Artillery on his Right and scores a hit
resulting in the elimination of a union Infantry unit. The Artillery on the
confederate Left Flank hits as well, but only manages to make the Union
infantry retreat.
 Standard Rules
INFANTRY PHASE (TURN 3) CAVALRY PHASE (TURN 4)
The Union player fires twice on his Left Flank, scoring one hit on the The Union player pulls out all the stops and moves his Cavalry back into
Confederate Infantry which results in its elimination. The Infantry on the the Right Middle Area. The pressure is definitely on.
Union Right fire at the Confederate Artillery (“10” or higher to hit). The
Union player rolls a “5”, and then an “11”: A hit! The Hit Result roll is a
“1”, and the Confederate Artillery is eliminated. Lastly, the Union player
moves his Infantry unit from his Left Flank forward into the Middle Left.
The Confederate Infantry on the Confederate Left Flank misses. Things are
looking desperate for the Southern player. He considers retreating his
Infantry in the Center into Reserve, and thus losing the battle before more
damage can occur. However, he needs this win too much, and holds on to
his long-shot chances and remains.

LEADER PHASE (TURN 3)

Skipped.

25
Standard Rules

ARTILLERY PHASE (TURN 4)

The Union player fires his Artillery in his Center and scores a hit right
away. The result is an elimination and the immediate end of the battle.

POST SCRIPT
During the Pursuit that follows the Yankee victory, the Union player gets to
roll one die for each unit of Cavalry and Infantry that remains in the battle
(but not those in the retreat area). If the Confederate player had been more
conservative and kept at least one Cavalry unit out of harms way, only the
Union Cavalry would have been able to “Pursue”. The Northern player
targets the enemy Artillery with his Cavalry first (4 or higher on one die
means elimination), rolls a “5” and chases down the struggling guns as they
are being dragged off the battlefield (The Confederate Artillery is eliminat-
ed). The four remaining Union infantry may now only target the four
retreating Confederate Infantry (Infantry cannot ever target Cavalry in
Pursuit – A “6” on one die is required for them to eliminate the Confederate
Infantry). They roll “2”, “4”, “4”, and “6”. One final Confederate Infantry is
eliminated. In the disastrous encounter, the Confederates salvage only 3
26 Infantry and 1 Cavalry. These troops retreat to a Region adjacent to the
Region in which the battle took place.

The Advanced Rules
These rules are in addition to the Standard Rules. They may be used in part
or in total at the discretion of the players before play begins. When playing
the Advanced Rules, if there is a conflict with the Standard Rules, the
Advanced Rules take precedence.
How to Win (Additional)
ELECTION: In November 1864, Abraham Lincoln was forced to run for
President during a Civil War. His opponent was disgruntled former general
George B. McClellen, a peace candidate whose platform included a negotiated
peace with the Confederacy to end the bloody Civil War. If Lincoln loses the
election, the war ends in a Confederate victory and two separate nations.
If the North does not fulfill the following conditions by the end of October
1864, the South wins its independence and the game:
1) The Union player must occupy at least 7 Confederate cities by the
end of October, 1864.
2) The Union player must win a major battle (6 or more units on both
sides) during July, August, September, or October of 1864.
Experience
During the Civil War, mass conscripted armies made up of citizen-soldiers clashed
on the battlefield and learned their craft as they went. These recent civilians were of
pretty poor quality at the beginning of the war, but after a couple of years, both
armies were equal or better than any in the world at that time.
After every major battle, both players roll 2 dice. If the winner of the battle
rolls a “7” or higher, he gets a free Leader piece. If the loser rolls a “9” or
higher, he gets a free Leader piece. These new pieces are placed with the
army that was just in the battle. If there were no survivors on one side, no
leader is received. This represents the experience and confidence gained from
actually participating in battle. Experienced armies could stay in the field longer
(Rally) and attack with more effect (Charge). These traits are modeled in the game
through the Leader pieces. Both the victors and the defeated learned lessons from
battle. The difference in the dice roll is due to the moral superiority and confidence
that comes with victory.
Advanced Rules
Initiative
One of the key benefits of aggressive cavalry scouting and great leadership (by
interpreting and acting on the information gained in such scouting) was “initiative”.
Initiative was knowing where to move, moving first, and making the enemy react to
your movements instead of the other way around. In the game initiative is deter-
mined before each major battle. Both players roll two dice. +1 is added for
each unit of cavalry in a player’s army (at the beginning of that battle), +2
for each elite cavalry unit, and +1 for each leader. The results are compared:
— If one side wins by one or more, that side moves first, regardless of
who the attacker was.
— If one side wins by three or more, that side moves first and can
watch the other side setup its forces before setting up its own.
(No divider).
— If one side wins by 5 or more, then the winner has totally surprised
his opponent. The player with initiative moves first, can watch his
opponent setup his forces before setting up his own. In addition,
all of his pieces get an extra Battle Action during the first turn (all
four phases)
Capturing Artillery
Artillery that is “eliminated” due to a Charge attack or during “Pursuit”
is “Captured” instead of eliminated. The enemy piece is swapped for a
friendly piece which is placed in the capturing player’s Reserve Area.
Entrenchments
As the war dragged on and casualties mounted, the soldiers and generals alike
learned that honor and bravery did not preclude them from building defensive works
to prevent needless casualties. By the end of the war, the armies had become so
proficient at building breastworks and entrenchments, that the field entrenchments
around Petersburg were almost identical to the trenches of World War I, almost
fifty years later. The Civil War can truly be called the first modern war.
Before a battle starts, the defending army can declare that they want to
attempt to build entrenchments. They roll two dice for each Battle Area
(Left, Center, and, Right) in which they have at least one Infantry unit
(not the Middle Areas). In each Battle Area that attempts to build
entrenchments, one Infantry unit is turned backward and cannot act
during the next Infantry Phase (it’s a little busy).
27
Advanced Rules
In 1861,if they roll a “10” or higher, then there are entrenchments in that
area. Entrenchments give the defender the benefit of –1 on Fire attacks
against them, and –1 on all Charge attacks against them. As the war goes
on, entrenchments become more common and more effective. In 1862 a “9”
or higher is needed; in 1863 an “8”; in 1864 a “7”, and by the last year of the
war in 1865 a “6” or higher will mean that entrenchments have been built in
that area of the battlefield. In 1864 and 1865 the protection against fire
attacks is increased to –2.
When using this rule, armies defending cities automatically have entrench-
ments in all three Battle Areas. Entrenchments are represented by placing
Flag Bearer pieces in the Battle Area(s) that have entrenchments.
Destroying Railroads
Whenever an enemy city is captured (except for Norfolk), they lose one Rail
Stock point. This represents the disruption of the rail net, the loss of rail stock, and
the destruction of actual track.
Blockade
The South’s Imports (“support” production points from Europe) can be
blocked by the Union navy. Blockade can be declared by the Northern
player during any production phase that the South will be getting
production points from Europe. Roll two dice and compare it to the
difference between the Union Naval Rating and the Confederate Naval
Rating. If the number rolled is equal to or less than the difference, the
imports are blocked, and the production points are lost.
Avoiding Naval Battles
If a naval battle is declared, the non-declaring player may attempt to
avoid battle. Two dice are rolled and compared to the total number of
ports owned by that player plus “4”. If the roll is equal to or less than
the total, the battle is avoided successfully.
State’s Rights
The eleven states that succeeded from the Union in 1861 believed that the individual
States that comprised the United States had ultimate authority, rather than the
Federal government. Thus, when the policies of that Federal government were
contrary to their interests, they felt that they had every right to depart. Some in the
South equated the Union of States to a club formed by mutually consenting members.
If one of the members decided that the club no longer served his interests, he could
give up his membership and depart at any time. This sounded logical, and was
even supported by the not too distant precedent of the American Revolution. The
philosophers who made the analogy and pointed to the Revolution should have
28 looked more closely at their example. If they had, they would have noticed that
England, like the Federal government in Washington D.C. was not prepared to lose
members without a fight; And that the colonies, who formed a somewhat loose con-
federacy, could not put together a coherent war effort.
The Confederacy that the “members” formed in 1861 was comprised of fiercely inde-
pendent States. Often, the central government in Richmond could only request and
cajole the self-interested States to comply with its requests. This led to a somewhat
disjointed war effort. Sometimes the States would refuse to let the troops that they
raised leave the State, especially when threatened by Yankee armies.
When using this rule, each Southern State must have at least one unit
within its borders at all times, and at least two if any region within the
State is occupied by a Northern unit. The Confederate player must place
newly purchased pieces in any State that is in violation of this rule as
soon as possible.
Reinforcements
Whenever an attacker moves units into a battle from more than one region,
he must pick which army (group of units) is the main army. The main army
starts the battle, and all others must roll one die to see when they arrive.
All newly arriving units that are not present at the start of the battle appear
in the Reserve Area when they arrive and may move normally on the next turn.
Roll Turn of Arrival
1 After the 3rd Turn
2 After the 2nd Turn
3 After the 1st Turn
4–6 Start of the Battle
Terrain (Optional)
Players who want to add another layer of realism can add terrain to their battles.
These must be mocked up, as there are no terrain pieces included in the game.
This is fairly easy to do and can be anything from cardboard or coins, all the
way up to miniature trees and rocks available at hobby stores.
Terrain may only be used in major battles (6 or more units on both sides).
At the beginning of a major battle, before deploying the armies, each player
rolls to see how many special terrain features his side of the battle has by
rolling two dice and consulting the chart below. Once he determines how
many, he rolls to see what kind they are and then places them while setting
up his forces. The player may place these special terrain markers in any
of his three Battle Areas (left, center, or right), but only one per Area.
This represents an army picking the best ground in the area to fight from.
 Advanced Rules
SPECIAL TERRAIN CHARTS
Scenarios and Notes
Roll Number of Special Terrain
2–5 No Special Terrain There are two ways to play The American Civil War: Historically and
6–8 1 Special Terrain Balanced (A-Historically). The historical scenario closely models the actual
9 – 11 2 Special Terrain conflict in the starting positions of the armies and the relative strengths and
12 3 Special Terrain weaknesses of the two combatants. History will be changed based on the
command decisions of the leaders (players). The balanced scenario allows
Roll Special Terrain Effects players to play a balanced GAME. It answers the question “What if the two
sides were evenly matched?”
2 River Behind +2 to all pursuit rolls if this
Entire Army army is defeated
3–4 Stream -1 to Charge into Historical Scenario
5–6 Village -1 to Fire into & -1 Charge into
Start Date: June 1861 (First Production after the September 1861 Turn)
7–8 Woods -1 Fire into
Naval Ratings: North: 5; South: 1
9 – 11 Hill/ Ridge +1 Artillery fire from; -1 Charge into
Rail Stock: North: 7; South: 4
12 River in Front No Charge attacks possible;
of Entire Army No pursuit possible
Production Points: North: 115; South: 80; Neither: 5
The North begins with Washington D.C. and St. Louis
Four Player Games STARTING TROOPS
If there are four players, there are two different ways to play:
North
Washington D.C.: 5 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery
THEATRE COMMANDERS
Cincinnati: 3 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery
Two players play on each side (North and South) as a team. Each player
Chicago: 4 Infantry, 1 Artillery
on the team commands one of the two major Theatres (East and West).
St. Louis: 3 Infantry, 1 Cavalry
Both players move the pieces that are in their Theatre.
14 Infantry: Maximum 1 Infantry/ State (Placed by the player)
The Eastern Theatre Commander is the overall commander and the Western
South
Commander is his subordinate. The Overall Commander decides which
Richmond: 4 Infantry, 1 Elite Cavalry, 1 Artillery
troops are assigned to which commander and/or where the geographic
Charleston: 2 Infantry, 1 Cavalry
dividing line between the two Theatres lies. The Overall Commander also
Mobile: 2 Infantry
issues general orders to the Western Commander. The Western
New Orleans: 3 Infantry, 1 Cavalry
Commander may disregard these, however, the Eastern Theatre
Memphis: 3 infantry, 1 Elite Cavalry, 1 Artillery
Commander (Overall Commander) may punish him by taking away troops
Atlanta: 2 Infantry, 1 Cavalry
or area. It is even possible for the Overall Commander to completely
7 Infantry: Maximum 1 Infantry/ State (Placed by the player)
relieve his subordinate.

BATTLEFIELD COMMANDER Balanced Scenario

The other way to handle multiple players is to give one player command of
all battles. In this organizational structure, one player moves all the pieces Start Date: June 1861 (First Production after the September 1861 Turn)
on the strategic map, makes all political and production decisions, and the Naval Ratings: North: 5; South: 5
other player directs all the tactical battles. Rail Stock: North: 6; South: 6

29
Advanced Rules

Production Points: All Cities are worth 10 PP’s remaining fun, fast, and playable. The tactical system has changed and
The North Begins with Washington D.C. and St. Louis evolved over a two year period. The final version rewards players for
North: 130 PP’s; South: 130 PP’s doing the same things that made the best Civil War generals great:
Maneuvering their forces to bring superior forces into battle; Creating an
SPECIAL RULES army with balanced forces of combined arms to maximize effectiveness;
No Political Actions (No European Intervention, Utilizing these various arms properly during a battle – (e.g. Cavalry charges
Conscription, or Emancipation) sound romantic, but are a huge waste of a very valuable commodity);
Having a good feel for when to hold on and go for a victory, and when to
STARTING TROOPS retreat and try again another time.
North
Washington D.C.: 5 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Artillery Some gamers complain about the luck of the dice going against them.
St. Louis: 4 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery However, if a player maximizes his nation’s strengths, exploits the other
Cincinnati: 3 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery nation’s weaknesses, keeps his opponent guessing, and gives himself
11 Infantry Maximum 1 Infantry/ State (Placed by the player) every advantage in battle, he will not lose to a less competent, but luckier
opponent. All luck changes in the long run; Good play is constant.
South
Richmond: 5 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Artillery History is not a musty tome or a distant intangible. It is the living story of
Memphis: 4 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery people just like us who have met adversity. I sincerely hope that those who
Chattanooga: 3 Infantry, 1 Cavalry, 1 Artillery play this game enjoy it. I also hope that it fires their imaginations with the
11 Infantry 1 Infantry/ State (Placed by the player) story of history and how it might have taken a different path.

Glenn Drover
Design Notes October, 2001
The inspiration for this game came from my childhood in the early 1970’s.
This was a “Golden Age” of plastic toy soldiers and historical boardgames.
These games captured my imagination and began my love affair with CREDITS
history. When I began designing The American Civil War, I hoped to give
the same gift to countless new young people, while allowing many older Game Concept & Design: Glenn Drover
gamers to relive the joys of their childhood. The challenge that immediately Box Cover and Sketch Art: Keith Rocco
arose was how to design a game that kids and non-gamers could play, but
that would also appeal to a mature gamer. I ultimately decided to create Gameboard & Component Art: Paul Niemeyer
three separate, but related rule sets for each game. This would offer Graphic Design & Layout: James Provenzale; Fast Forward Design
those that purchased the game to be sure that there was something in
Production & Assembly: Neal Chukerman; Chukerman Packaging
the box that they would enjoy. It also allowed a great deal of flexibility
and re-playability. Plastic Production: Matt Jacobs; Advanced Molding Solutions
Playtesting: Glenn Drover, Jack Provenzale, Brian
Beyond accessibility to a large audience, I wanted to create a game that was Ritzenthaler, Paul Niemeyer, Christopher
extremely historically accurate while still being fun and playable. I believe Murphy, Alfredo Lorente, Layne Roschen, The
that we have achieved this with the standard and advanced rules. The Source Friday Night Game Group
game system does a very good job of modeling the strategic dilemmas and
opportunities of both sides in the War Between the States while still
30
Conquer the world!
War! Is a game of empire building, exploration,
economic expansion, technological advance-
ment, diplomacy, and tactical battles in the age
of Imperialism (1830 – 1900). Players rule one of
the great powers of the era as they attempt to
carve out an empire. Should they build up their
army or economy? Negotiate or attack? Spend
on research or a new fort to protect the frontier?

Napoleon in Europe is an epic game of grand strategy and

tactical battles during the age of Napoleon (1796 – 1815).
The players are leaders of the great powers of the era:
France, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Spain, and the
Ottoman Empire. Using diplomacy and warfare, they attempt
to dominate Europe with armies of Infantry, Cavalry, and
Artillery. Strategy and tactics used in the game are based
on those of the era while remaining fast and playable.

Both Games Feature:

Hundreds of magnificently sculpted plastic miniatures.
A gigantic 46” x 36” Game Board with artwork by
world renown artist Paul Niemeyer.
3 sets of rules from basic to advanced.
w w w. e a g l e g a m e s . n e t
©2001 Eagle Games, Inc.