DEP SPECIFICATION

DESIGN AND SUPPLY OF BULK SOLIDS BINS AND

HOPPERS

DEP 31.27.00.20-Gen.

February 2012
ECCN EAR99

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

© 2012 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.

This document contains information that is classified as EAR99 and, as a consequence, can neither be exported nor re-exported to any country which is under an
embargo of the U.S. government pursuant to Part 746 of the Export Administration Regulations (15 C.F.R. Parts 746) nor can be made available to any national of such
country. In addition, the information in this document cannot be exported nor re-exported to an end-user or for an end-use that is prohibited by Part 744 of the Export
Administration Regulations (15 C.F.R. Parts 744).
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PREFACE

DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1) Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2) Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of
a Service Agreement or otherwise).
3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)
which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person
whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs
or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Company. The
benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Company, or companies affiliated to these
companies, that may issue DEPs or advise or require the use of DEPs.
Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall
not, without the prior written consent of Shell GSI, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the
DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after
use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of Shell GSI. The
copyright of DEPs vests in Shell Group of companies. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and Shell
GSI may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement.
All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ......... 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 4
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 5
1.5 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP ....................................................................................... 5
1.6 DUAL UNITS ............................................................................................................... 5
2. EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND SERVICES SUPPLIED BY THE
PURCHASER ............................................................................................................. 6
3. EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND SERVICES SUPPLIED BY THE SUPPLIER ....... 6
4. EQUIPMENT WARRANTY BY THE SUPPLIER ....................................................... 7
5. REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 7
5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 7
5.2 DESIGN FOR FLOW .................................................................................................. 8
5.3 DESIGN LOAD REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 9
5.4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN ........................................................................................... 10
5.5 MATERIALS .............................................................................................................. 11
6. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 15
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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE
This new DEP specifies requirements for the design and procurement of general purpose
storage vessels for bulk solid products. It applies to shop and field fabricated vessels of
steel and alloy construction that operate at or near atmospheric pressure, and covers the
requirements for shop detailing, fabrication, shop assembly, shop coating and delivery of
general purpose bulk solids bins and hoppers.
The contents of this DEP has been transitioned from former standards EGG 10GS-50 and
EGG 10GS-51.

1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorisation to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in facilities related to oil and gas production, gas handling, oil
refining, chemical processing, gasification, distribution and supply/marketing. This DEP
may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.

1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor/Purchaser is the party that carries out all or part of the design,
engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or
operation of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the
Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
1.3.2 Specific definitions

Term Definition
Angle of The slope of the surface of bulk solids when formed as a pile by pouring
Repose solids onto a horizontal plane. The angle is measured from the
horizontal plane. It is not a flow property.
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Term Definition
Arching No-flow condition where the bulk solid forms a stable arch across the
bin. Usually, this forms at the bottom outlet opening, but may form at a
higher location in the hopper or bin. At a sufficiently large discharge
opening, a stable arch cannot be sustained. The term “bridging” is also
used to describe this condition.
Funnel Flow Flow pattern where the product moves in a central channel about the
size of the active discharge opening, and a thin “slice“of the top surface
which falls into the channel. Funnel flow occurs in bins having hoppers
with less steep walls and where the coefficient of friction between the
walls and the product is high.
Live Load Weight produced by personnel, moveable equipment, tools and other
items that may be placed on, but are not permanently attached to, the
bin, hopper or silo excluding stored product.
Mass Flow Flow pattern where all product is in motion at substantially every point in
the bin whenever any product is withdrawn from the outlet. This flow
pattern prevails when the walls of the hopper are sufficiently steep and
smooth. Mass flow is easily distinguished from funnel flow by product
sliding along the hopper wall.
Operating Weight of the stored product, based on the maximum bulk density of the
Load product, and internal pressure, if any.
Piping Flow obstruction in a hopper caused by cohesiveness of the contained
(Rathole) product and an undersized discharge opening. When the discharge
opening is sufficiently large, the stress in the “pipe“ exceeds the
product’s strength, so that the “pipe “ cannot sustain the stress and
promotes flow.

1.3.3 Abbreviations

Term Definition
ACI American Concrete Institute
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing Materials
AWS American Welding Society

1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section
number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (6).

1.5 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be sent to the Administrator at standards@shell.com, using
the DEP Feedback Form. The DEP Feedback Form can be found on the main page of
“DEPs on the Web”, available through the Global Technical Standards web portal
http://sww.shell.com/standards and on the main page of the DEPs DVD-ROM.

1.6 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
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2. EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND SERVICES SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER

Equipment, materials and services supplied by the Purchaser are as follows:
1. Configuration and structural design and the selection of materials of construction.
2. Determination of the relevant stored product properties, the data sheet showing the
bin, hopper or silo configuration including all required nozzles, and the general
arrangement drawing.
3. Unloading, storage and erection at the job-site, of shop-assembled equipment unless
specified for the Supplier’s account.
4. All piping, piping design and piping fabrication.
5. All motor controls, 120V control and 480V power supply, control and power wiring,
lighting, conduit, grounding, and all electrical design.
6. Foundation design, foundations, and anchor bolts.
7. Plant air supply and other utilities.
8. Selection of insulation materials and their installation.

3. EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND SERVICES SUPPLIED BY THE SUPPLIER

Equipment, materials and services supplied by the Supplier are as follows:
1. All bins, hoppers, silos and associated chutes and supports identified by item number
and made a part of this specification.
2. Preparation and supply of all shop detail drawings and erection drawings required for
fabrication, final assembly and erection.
3. All labour, materials, tools, equipment and supervision required for fabricating, erecting
and coat field erected equipment.
4. Unloading and storage of field erected equipment materials at the job-site, unless
specified for the purchaser’s account. If the purchaser is to install the equipment, the
Supplier is to supply detailed installation instructions.
5. Removal of all internal fixtures used for the purpose of fabrication, erection and fit-up,
and restoration of all affected surfaces.
6. Control devices where shown on the attached drawings and made a part of this
specification.
7. All supports where specified; all stairs, ladders, walkways, handrails, grating, chutes,
skirts, doors or covers where specified; and all other items required for a complete
assembly.
8. Structural calculations and documentation.
9. All shop and field erection bolts, all machinery fasteners, and all shims.
10. Shop preparation and painting of all fabricated equipment and structural steel in
accordance with attached painting specifications.
11. Pre-assembly, prior to shipment from the fabricator’s shop, of all items to the greatest
extent possible that will permit shipment to the job-site.
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4. EQUIPMENT WARRANTY BY THE SUPPLIER

Equipment warranty supplied by the Supplier is as follows:
1. The Supplier shall guarantee that the equipment supplied, when operated under the
conditions specified in the data sheets and drawings, shall maintain structural integrity
and meet all operating and structural requirements outlined in this specification and
attachments.
2. All equipment and component parts shall be warranted by the Supplier against
defective or improper materials, poor workmanship and failure from normal usage for a
period of one year after being put in the specified service, but not to exceed 18 months
from the date of shipment.
3. The entire cost, including freight, of modifying, repairing, or replacing any equipment or
materials, or components in order to meet the Equipment Warranty shall be borne by
the Supplier.

5. REQUIREMENTS

5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. The Principal and/or Contractor shall provide the Product Material Characteristics as
shown in Table 1 and the process design information as shown in Table 2. Design
documents by the Manufacturer/Supplier shall include a general arrangement drawing
and data sheet showing the bin, hopper or silo configuration including all required
nozzles and appurtenances in sufficient detail to permit fabrication by a third party.
2. Equipment covered by this DEP shall be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in
accordance with API Std. 620 with modifications as outlined in this DEP, and
applicable federal, state, and local ordinances.
3. Rectangular bins shall not be used unless specifically requested and/or approved by
the Principal.
4. Dimensional tolerances shall conform to Figure 1 unless specifically approved by the
Principal.
5. If API Std. 620 is not applicable, the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1 shall be used.
This applies to the following:
a. Computation of allowable tensile and compressive stresses at operating
temperatures greater than 93°C (200°F).
b. Computation of shell thickness due to pressures caused by contained solids
under static (no flow) and mass flow conditions.
c. Design of conical hoppers.
d. Computation of allowable buckling stresses.
6. In addition to the dead load, live load, wind and seismic loads, the design shall
accommodate loads imposed by the static and dynamic forces caused by the
contained bulk solids and gas pressure (or vacuum) at any operating condition and
solids level within the bin or hopper.
7. Designer shall select materials of construction suitable for the product to be stored,
and shall identify all materials in data sheets, drawings or other documents.
8. Design documents shall permit Suppliers to propose alternate materials. Such
alternates shall be clearly identified. Chemical and physical properties shall be
provided for materials having only a trade name designation.
9. Use of alternate materials shall be contingent on the formal approval of the purchaser.
10. Design volume and equipment dimensions shall be based on the design storage
capacity and the minimum bulk density of the contained product.
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11. Design metal temperature for the bin, hopper or silo shall be determined by the
designer on the basis of the contained product feed temperature, process conditions
and environment.
12. If the feed product is at ambient temperature, the design metal temperature for the bin,
hopper or silo shall be the lowest one-day mean ambient temperature for the locality
where the equipment is sited, plus 10°C (15°F). Isothermal lines of lowest one-day
mean temperatures are shown on Figure 2-1 of API Std. 620.

5.2 DESIGN FOR FLOW

1. Bins, hoppers and silos shall be constructed so as to present a smooth internal surface
to the contained product. No ledges, protrusions or other obstructions shall be present
within the equipment. All interior welds shall be ground smooth. All interior
circumferential weld seams shall be ground smooth and flush with the adjacent
surface.
2. The geometric configuration and critical dimensions may be provided by the Principal.
When the geometric configuration and critical dimensions are not provided by the
Principal, the designer shall select mass flow as the flow pattern within the bin, hopper
or silo unless approved by the Principal.
3. The funnel flow pattern may be an acceptable design for coarse, free-flowing, and
stable contained products which do not segregate, or for very abrasive products. The
designer may consider a geometric configuration and critical dimensions which cause
funnel flow where practical, only with the approval of the Principal.
4. When the geometric configuration and critical dimensions are not provided by the
Principal, the designer shall ascertain the relevant strength and flow properties of the
bulk solid to be contained by the bin, hopper or silo. These shall be the properties at
the worst case conditions that are likely to occur in practice. This shall include factors
such as the minimum particle size, highest moisture content, temperature range, and
maximum storage time “at rest”.
5. The contained product’s strength and flow properties will be provided by the Principal
as shown in Table 1, and shall be determined by testing a representative sample of the
product.
6. Where the contained product is a well-known commodity, having well-known flow
characteristics, the designer may select the geometric configuration and critical
dimensions on the basis of previous experience with that product, subject to approval
of the Purchaser and Principal.
7. Where tests are required to determine the contained product characteristics, they shall
be determined by the Johanson Indicizer or the Jenike Shear Cell Tester.
8. The designer may select wall materials, coatings, liners, and surface finishes that shall
be tested with the contained product to determine which is most favourable.
9. The tests shall be used to determine these parameters for the hopper design:
a. minimum wall slope for mass flow,
b. minimum discharge opening to avoid a stable arch in mass flow,
c. minimum discharge opening to avoid a stable pipe in funnel flow, and
d. specific discharge rate.
10. Where the discharge opening must be much larger (to avoid an arch or pipe) than is
required to attain the desired discharge rate, the use of a feeder to control flow without
affecting the desired flow pattern is indicated. The designer shall select a hopper
configuration and corresponding discharge shape and dimensions in conjunction with
a practical discharge device, subject to the Principal’s approval.
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5.3 DESIGN LOAD REQUIREMENTS

1. When the geometric configuration and critical dimensions to assure flow are provided
by the Principal, the designer shall assure that the structural design will sustain the
loads caused by internal and external factors without deformation of the bin, hopper or
silo walls.
2. Loads shall be determined in accordance with ISO 11697 and ISC 91.080.01, and as
supplemented by the requirements listed below.
3. The equipment and its supports shall be designed to sustain the following combined
loading conditions:
a. Erection - empty erection weight, plus wind or seismic load for the
computation of uplift.
b. Normal Operating Load - dead load, plus operating load, plus snow load,
plus wind or seismic load, plus operating pressure, if any.
c. Test Load - dead load, plus hydrostatic test load, if required.
4. The operating load shall include the maximum weight of the contained product and the
internal pressure, if any. The maximum weight of the contained product shall be
calculated on the basis of the equipment dimensions, the angle of repose of the
contained product, and the maximum bulk density of the contained product.
5. The maximum bulk density of the product will be provided by the Principal, or shall be
determined by test (Johanson Indicizer). The value of the maximum bulk density
shall be shown on Data Sheets or on the design drawings.
6. The design shall sustain the axial load on the shell and hopper walls due to vertical
friction caused by the contained product. This internal dead load is additive to other
dead loads such as the weight of the containing walls and roof above the support
point, and to external live loads such as wind and seismic load.
7. The total axial load shall be used to compute the tensile stress and buckling resistance
of the shell at the point of support and other critical points such as the hopper-shell
intersection and all other discontinuities.
8. The internal vertical friction force shall be computed in accordance with
ACI Standard 313, using Janssen’s method.
9. The design shall sustain the pressure exerted on the bin and hopper walls by the
contained product under conditions of mass flow, acting normal to the wall surface,
placing the shell in tension.
10. The preferred method to calculate mass flow loads on the shell is in accordance with
ASME Publication No. 72-MH-2.
11. The designer may use other methods to calculate mass flow loads only with the
approval of the Purchaser and Principal.
12. Where the inside surface of the shell has circumferential welds which are ground
smooth, but not “flush” (non-flush must be approved by Principal), then the designer
shall consider the maximum local pressure acting over an area 50mm (2 in) above and
below the weld seam or other circumferential protrusion.
13. The designer shall assess the possibility of impact loading on the hopper and
supporting structure due to collapse of bridged product (“arching”). Where this
condition is possible, the equipment shall be able to sustain these loads, as follows:
14. Impact loads are not additive to the dynamic loads of paragraph No. 8 and No. 9
above.
15. Impact loads are additive to the equipment dead load, but shall not be considered to
act concurrently with wind and seismic loads.
16. The design shall sustain the pressure exerted on the bin and hopper walls by the
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contained product under static conditions of no flow, acting normal to the wall surface,
placing the shell in tension. The static pressures shall be computed in accordance with
ACI 313, using Janssen’s method.
17. The designer shall assess the possibility of fluidization of the contained product.
Where fluidization is a possibility, the equipment shall sustain the hydrostatic
pressures caused by the contained product. The computation of pressures shall be
based on the aerated bulk density of the product as determined by a fluidization test.
18. Roofs without operator platforms shall be designed for a minimum live load of
120 kg/m2 (25 lb/ft2) or environmental loads such as snow whichever is greater.
19. Roof platforms and platform framing and supports shall be designed for a minimum
live load of 490 kg/m2 (100 lb/ft2), or a moving concentrated load of 450 kg (1000 lbs),
whichever causes greater stress.
20. The designer shall consider additional concentrated roof loads resulting from top
mounted equipment.
21. Miscellaneous loads as a result of ductwork, piping, and other facilities attached to the
shell, roof, hopper or bin shall be applicable.

5.4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1. The minimum material thickness exclusive of corrosion allowance shall be as follows:
a. shells up to 2 m (84 in) diameter..........................5 mm (3/16 in)
b. shells over 2 m to 3.6 m (84 in to 144 in).............6.35 mm (1/4 in)
c. shells over 3.6 m (144 in).....................................8 mm (5/16 in)
d. roof plates ............................................................6.35 (1/4 in)
e. hopper liners ........................................................3.4 mm (0.1345 “ = 10 ga).
f. external stiffeners .................................................6.35mm (1/4 in)
2. The designer shall evaluate the requirement for a corrosion allowance to be added to
all parts of the bin or hopper contacting the contained product. The minimum corrosion
allowance for carbon steel shall be as follows:
a. shell, hoppers and heads .....................................1.6 mm (1/16 in)
b. nozzles .................................................................3.2 mm (1/8 in)
3. Horizontal stiffener members shall be oriented so as to avoid build-up of material and
water on the stiffeners. Channels and angles shall have flanges/legs turned
downwards, and beams and tees shall have drain holes.
4. Nozzle and man way openings shall not be made in weld seams.
5. Reinforcement pads shall not overlap plate joints.
6. The designer shall determine the need for reinforcement for all openings larger than
50 mm (2 in,) in accordance with API 620.
7. All inside edges of nozzles, manways and other connections shall be rounded to a
minimum 6 mm (1/4 in) radius.
8. The minimum size flanged connection shall be 40 mm (1-1/2 in)
9. Connections smaller than 40 mm (1-1/2 in) shall be 6000# rated screwed couplings.
10. Manholes for equipment operating at atmospheric pressure may be fabricated in
accordance with API 650.
11. Where the bin, hopper or silo is supported by a skirt, the skirt shall be provided with a
minimum 500 mm (20 in) opening.
12. Where the supporting skirt encloses auxiliary running equipment, the minimum
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opening shall be a door having dimensions in accordance with site requirements.

13. Welding of carbon steel shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1.
14. Welding of stainless steel shall be in accordance with AWS A5.4.
15. All weld seams shall normally be full penetration, double-welded butt joints.
16. All weld joints shall be continuous seal welds. Intermediate or skip welding will not be
acceptable.
17. Weld seams of the shell internal surfaces shall be ground smooth for all flow designs.
18. Circumferential weld seams of the shell internal surfaces shall be ground smooth and
flush for all designs unless approved by the Principal.
19. The designer shall consider the requirement for post weld heat treatment where the
service may subject the equipment to stress corrosion.
20. Where hopper liners are required for flow design, they shall be welded to the shell.
21. Where polymeric hopper linings are required for flow design or abrasion resistance,
they shall be attached by means of mechanical fasteners. Adhesives shall not be
used.
22. Dimensional tolerances shall be as shown in Figure 1, made a part of this document.
23. Roof platforms shall be provided for access to top-mounted dust collectors or bin vent
filters.

5.5 MATERIALS
1. The designer shall consider the angle of friction of the selected hopper material with
the contained product, which will affect the selected hopper wall slopes, in his design.
The angle of friction shall be determined by test of representative samples of hopper
wall material and the contained product.
2. Where carbon steel is the selected material, the following grades shall be specified:
a. Shell Plate - A-283 Gr. C or A-285 Gr. C or A-516.
b. Reinforcing Plates - same as shell.
c. Nozzles - A-53 Gr. A or Gr. B, A-106 Gr. A or Gr. B. Very large nozzles may
be fabricated from rolled plate.
d. Flange Connectors - A-307 Gr. A.
3. Structural steel and floor plate shall be new domestic steel conforming to ASTM A36.
4. Field joints shall be bolted with ASTM A325 bolts, except that connections for girts,
purlins, and stairs may be made with ASTM A307 bolts. Connections shall be bearing
type with threads included in the shear plane.
5. Welding shall conform to AWS D1.1 using AWS A5.1 or AWS A5.5 E70XX electrodes.
6. Anchor bolts shall be A36 or ASTM A307.
7. Anchor bolts and nuts shall be hot dip galvanized with thread re-cut.
8. Gratings shall be hot dip galvanized steel with 5 mm X 32 mm (3/16 in X 1-1/4 in)
bearing bars at 30 mm (1-3/16 in) spacing and interlocking crossbars at 200 mm (4 in)
spacing. The construction is welded.
9. Stair treads shall be abrasive nosing and anti-skid surface. The construction is welded.
10. Concrete for silo foundations shall develop 28 MPa (4000 psi) minimum compressive
strength in 28 days, unless a greater strength is indicated by local site requirements.
11. Concrete reinforcement shall be deformed bar conforming to ASTM A615, including
Supplementary Requirement S1.
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12. Galvanizing shall be in accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.

13. Structural members which cannot be galvanized shall be surface prepared and coated
in accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
Table 1 Product material characteristics
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Table 2 Pressure vessel data sheet

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Figure 1 Dimensional tolerances for bins and hoppers

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6. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.

SHELL STANDARDS
Protective coatings for onshore facilities DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.

AMERICAN STANDARDS
Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Concrete Silos ACI 313
and Stacking Tubes for Storing Granular Materials Recommended
Practice for Design and Construction of Concrete Bins, Silos, and
Storing Granular Material.
Recommended Rules for the Design and Construction of Large, API 620
Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tanks
Welded Tanks for Oil Storage API 650
“Bin Loads - Part 3: Mass Flow Bins” by A.W. Jenike, ASME Publication
J. R. Johanson and J. W. Carson No. 72-MH-2.
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Div. 1 Pressure ASME Section 8
Vessels.
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, ASTM A307
60,000 psi Tensile
Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, ASTM A325
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength Specification for Structural
Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi
Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel Specification for ASTM A36
Structural Steel
Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete ASTM A615
Reinforcement
Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc AWS A5.1
Welding
Stainless Steel Welding Code AWS A5.4
Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc AWS A5.5
Welding
Structural Welding Code – Steel AWS D1.1

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Bases for design of structures - Loads due to bulk ISO 11697
Structures of buildings in general ICS 91.080.01