BACH KHOA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

REPORT
MECHATRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN

TOPIC:HYBRID BICYCLE

Author: Bui Ngoc Anh Huy – 1611236

Mai Thanh Nhan – 1612345
Ta Dien Minh An – 1610146
Nguyen Phuoc Thong – 1613402
These days, health is the foremost concern of every man or woman. Everyone wants
to live a healthy and long life which is why they look for ways to maintain their
physical and mental health.
However, busy modern lifestyle makes people have too little time to do sports or
exercise. This along with a fat-rich, high sugar fast food cause obese. According to
VN Express [1], Vietnam had a total of 8.1 million at 7.7 percent overweight or obese
adults in 2017. The number of obese youth and young adults has tripled over the past
years. We need a solution to reduce obesity
Therefore, the idea of hybrid bicycle was born. It is a good alternative transport to
motorcycles to go to work. Riding to work brings us a lot of benefit. Riding an
electric bicycle is a fantastic way to improve your fitness, as it is an exercise that
elevates your heart rate for an extended and sustained amount of time. As it increases
your heart rate, pumping oxygen-infused blood throughout your body more
efficiently. With decreased impact on joints, you’re able to walk away after a long
ride on an electric bike without the pain and soreness you’ll find with a standard
bike. That naturally makes going for a ride much more enticing, because you know
you’ll get the exercise you need without the painful side effects that typically follow.
When you’re able to avoid that pain, you’re more likely to pick up your e Bike to go
for a ride. As you would expect, the more you ride, the more you can improve your
health.
Besides, riding have very little impact on environment. Hybrid bikes use electric
which saves our gradually emptied source of fossil fuel. Hybrid has no emissions so
that this a good way to protect our planet from climate change, greenhouse effect.
In the 1890s, electric bicycles were documented within various U.S patents. For
example, on 31 December 1895, Ogden Bolton Jr. was granted U.S patent for a
battery-powered bicycle with 6 pole brush and commutator direct current (DC) hub
motor mounted in the rear wheel. There were no gear and the motor could draw up
to 100 amperes (A) from 10-volts battery. Nowadays, the hybrid bike development
is on the new level. Bywords of this development are Yamaha, Giant bicycle, Honda,
etc. [2]
Here is our group requirement list:
Requirement Value Unit Type
Size Height: 90 - 100 cm FF quan
Width: 55
Length: 180
Color dark/ bright - BF qual
Average speed 20 km/h FF
Max speed 40 km/h FF quan
Max power (when fully 750 watt FF quan
charged)
On-board power supply 12 - 36 V FF quan
Weight 30 - 60 kg FF quan
Motor power 250 Watt FF quan
Price range 8-12 VNĐ BF quan

Functional structure:

Pedals Gears

Users Drive
input wheel

Motor control Motor

Battery Vehicle
Charger
Battery
accessories
Let us explain all the solution for each function above:
1. Motor: The electric motor is the single most importance part of an electric bike.
The different type of motors that can be found on most electric bikes are at the front
hub, rear hub and mid drive motor [3]:

Below is the detail features of some of the most popular types of electric motors for
electric bikes [4]:
1.1. Crank Drive Motors
Crank drive motors were the first advanced electric bike motors, and were developed
in Japan in the early 1990s by Panasonic and Yamaha. As the name clearly indicates,
they are situated in the crank (the crank set being the round thing that cleverly
converts the energy from your legs into energy that moves the chain and therefore
moves the bike). These motors drive additional power (over and above our own leg
power) through the rear gear system.
Crank drive motors can be adjusted to suit different environments, and are widely
thought to be the best motors because they allow us to use the bike gears to get up
hills, or to haul heavy loads. The general wisdom is that if you know you are going
to have to climb very steep hills (more than 17%), we are better off with a crank
drive motor.
1.2. Hub Motors:
As the early crank drive motors were so expensive, hub motors were developed as a
cheaper alternative. These motors, again as the name indicates, are mounted in the
hub (the center part) of the wheel, usually the rear wheel. These are now the most
common motors. They basically have only one gear, so although some of them are
very powerful, they are not ideal for hilly areas. If you live in a flat city, these are
just fine.
That said, many of the large hub drive motors have amazing hill capacity. For
example, the high torque BionX motors cope very well with hills: I can vouch for
the fact that the latest BionX high-end, high-power systems take you up hills as if
you truly are bionic.
 1.3. Brushed and Brushless Motors:
Motors for electric bikes may be brushed, or they may be brushless DC motors
(BLDC motors). The industry default has become brushless motors, because
generally they are quieter, smaller, and lighter, and they don’t need to be serviced.
However, there are some knowledgeable people in the industry who support brushed
motors, maintaining that they are more robust and reliable, that they are a relatively
cheap way (in terms of cost and power) to gain hill-climbing ability, and that they
are cheap and simple to service and don’t have to be serviced often (some only at
intervals of 8,000 miles). Moreover, once they are serviced, they are as good as new.
Finally, brushed motors are very robust, and offer hill climbing capacity at a lower
price point.
Since the introduction of Sensorless or Permanent Magnet BLDC (brushless DC)
motors, the case in favor of brushed motors has been considerably weakened.
Comparing rating:
No. Name of criteria Weight Solution
1/ DC 2/ DC 3/ DC crank
hub brushless drive motor
motor motor
1 Power
2 Efficiency
3 Price
4 Maintenance
5 Climb slope 0.8 7
Sum

- Battery:
- Gear:
REFERENCES
[1] Vietnam has the lowest rate of adult obesity: global study. By VnExpress, AFP June
13, 2017 at 10:19 am GMT+7. Links: https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-
has-the-lowest-rate-of-adult-obesity-global-study-3598832.html
[2] Electric bike. By Wikipedia, last edit on 11 March 2019. Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_bicycle
[3] What are electric bicycles? By Evelo. Link:
https://www.evelo.com/electric-bikes-
101/?fbclid=IwAR0z74r0ARPEmcIxbUzFM85Bv_u1palhZYaTOkWFKZde8_ckz
vfoOvmDxE4
[4] Types of Electric Motors for Electric Bikes. By ElectronicBlog. Link:
https://electricbikeblog.com/types-of-electric-motors-for-electric-bikes