Key to ph onem ic and oth er sym bols

Vow e l s
E26 Short vowels Lon g vowels Di phthon g s
IT) pit, i t OD see, eat @] day, e i g h t
0 wet, e n d @D pa rt, a r m @D my, eyes
� ca t, a pple @D saw, a lways @!J boy, jo i n
0 ru n, u p @D too, you [ gu ] low, o pen
� hot, o pposite @D her, ea r ly t au] how, o u t
@] pu t, wou l d � nea r, here
l eg ] ha i r, where
0 a go, doctor l u g] tau rist, su re
DJ happy, cosy
[ill influence, a n n u a l

Co n s o n a nts
E27
CliJ bee, about [BD m a p, lam p � l OO, loves
W d o, sid e W n ose, any (ili] g enera l , ag e
CIJ fat, safe W pen, stop [ill hang , hoping
[]] g o, big CD red, arou nd [[) th at, oth e r
0iJ h at, beh ind IT] soon, us []] t h i n , bath
rn yet, you CD ten, last CD sh ip, push
W key, week G vet, l ive W meas u re, usual
DJ l ed, a l l ow 0 w et, sw i m ern c h i n , catch

Oth e r sym b o l s u sed in t h i s book

/71 a glottal stop, as in l'fu?bo:V ( 'football' ) . See Section E4 Glossary for more
information.
I�I shows that I:JI can be pronounced or not pronounced, as in l'rev�nd31 (average) .
fTI shows that in BBC English Irl is pronounced when it is followed by a vowel sound but
not when it is followed by a consonant sound, as in l'brAo:Jrl (brother) . In some
other varieties, such as North American English, Irl is always pronounced.
II I put before the syllable with main stress, as in fI ' ventl (elvent) .
1.1 put before the syllable with secondary stress, as in l,retm:Js ' fenk/ ( . atmos ' pheric) .
III
I shows a syllabic consonant, as in I' bnt llI (bottle) . See Section E4 Glossary for more
information.
I. I shows syllable divisions within a word, as in l'dIf . :JI (differ) .

1 92 English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)