NATURAL

RESOURCES
OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Natural resources
 Which of these are resources?

 Wind energy
 Sunlight

 Plants and trees

 Water
 Which of these are resources?

 Forests
 Mountains and volcanoes

 Minerals
 Coal and fossil fuel products
 Which of these are resources?

 Information and knowledge

 Expert skills

 Local currency
 Gold reserves
 Which of these are resources?

 People

 Domestic and wild animals

 Poultry and livestock
What are resources?
a : a source of supply or support
b : a natural source of wealth or revenue
c : a natural feature or phenomenon that enhances the quality
of human life
d : computable wealth
e : a source of information or expertise
Natural resources
• resources that exist without
actions of humankind.
• materials and components
(something that can be used)
that can be found within the
environment.
Types of natural
resources
 Types of natural resources
Abiotic resources Biotic resources
non-living chemical and obtained from the
physical parts of the biosphere (living and
environment that affect organic material), such as
living organisms and the forests and animals, and the
functioning of ecosystems. materials that can be
•Energy resources obtained from them.
•Water resources •Flora (plants)
•Soil resources •Fauna (animals)
•Fossil fuel
 Types of natural resources
• Renewable resources • Non-renewable resources
resources which can be resources of economic
used repeatedly and value that cannot be
replaced naturally. readily replaced by natural
• Air means on a level equal to
• Water its consumption.
• Soil • Fossil fuel – natural gas, oil,
• Sunlight coal
• Wood
• Biomass
Performance Task 1 – Infographics (collab/ by group)
Topics (drawlots):
• What is climate change?
• Philippines’ natural resources
• Philippines’ biodiversity
• Climate change in the Philippines
• Energy resources in the Philippines
• Global warming and climate change
• How to conserve natural resources
• Recent disasters in the Philippines
• Climate change and disasters
Output:
 Infographics printed and laminated on a long bond paper
Performance Task 1 – Infographics (collab/ by group)
Groupings:
 at most 8 groups in a class ( ~5 members per group)
 1 group : 1 topic
Output should contain:
• relevant, credible and current information,
• graphical illustrations,
• appropriate design and layout,
• references,
• list of members’ names and section
Deadline/presentation: July 3-7 (Week 3)
Prepare for a quiz
next meeting…
ENERGY,
WATER AND
SOIL
RESOURCES
Facts:
• In 2009, we imported 7.76 billion
Abiotic resources:
short tons of coal and burned 111 Energy in the
billion cubic feet of natural gas from Philippines
the Malampaya Deepwater
platform.
• In 2010, 77% of our electricity came
from fossil fuels,(coal and natural
gas as our primary sources).
• The total primary energy
consumption of the Philippines in
2012 was 30.2 Mtoe (million Tonnes
of oil equivalent), most of which
came from fossil fuels.
Things to consider:
• The population of the Philippines is
Abiotic resources:
over 101 million people. Energy in the
• Given its large population and rapidly Philippines
growing economy, the country's
energy needs are significant and
growing rapidly.

ENERGY CRISIS!

July 22, 2012 Footer text here

Fossil fuels Abiotic resources:
• Coal - largest reserve and is often Energy in the
the cheapest fossil fuel.
Throughout the years the demand Philippines
for it has become steady despite the (NON-RENEWABLE)
growing environmental concerns.
Power generation by source as of 2014
Source Percentage
Coal 42.8%
Oil-Based 7.4%
Natural Gas 24.2%
Hydro 11.8%
Geothermal 13.3%
Other Renewable Sources (Wind, Solar,
0.5%
Biomass)
AES Corp. (Masinloc Power Plant), Zambales
 Fossil fuels Abiotic resources:
• Oil and natural gas - The estimated Energy in the
total oil production in June 2011 in
the Philippines was 63 million Philippines
barrels. (NON-RENEWABLE)

Sucat Thermal Power Plant (oil), Muntinlupa

Ilijan Combined-Cycle Power Plant (natural gas), Batangas
 Abiotic resources:
*Nuclear - use the element Energy in the
uranium as source of nuclear Philippines
energy (U-235, a rare type of (NON-RENEWABLE)
uranium). Uranium is a non-
renewable resource.
• Bataan Nuclear Power Plant was
completed but never fueled or
used.  WHY?
• It was the Philippines' only
attempt at building a nuclear
power plant.
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, Bataan
• Geothermal power - dominant Abiotic resources:
renewable energy resource in the Energy in the
Philippines. Philippines
• According to DOE, the Philippines is (RENEWABLE)
second largest geothermal power
producer in the world. • Hydropower- is the second
dominant renewable energy
resource in the Philippines.

Palinpinon Geothermal Power Plant, Negros Oriental

Magat Power Plant, Isabela
• Wind power - The Philippines Abiotic resources:
being situated on the fringes of the
Asia-Pacific monsoon belt, exhibits a Energy in the
promising potential for wind energy. Philippines
Wind power plants are the third most (RENEWABLE)
operated renewable energy source in
the country.

Bangui Wind Farm, Ilocos Norte • Biomass power- The

Philippines has an abundant supply
of biomass resources including
agricultural crop residues, forest
residues, animal wastes, agro-
industrial wastes, municipal solid
wastes and aquatic biomass.
• Solar power - In 2015, three solar Abiotic resources:
farms were constructed in the
Philippines. Energy in the
• Solar power may be limited in the Philippines
Philippines due to cloudy cover. The (RENEWABLE)
nation has an average of 144 rainy
days per year. THE CHALLENGE:
Solving the energy crisis is a
two-step process:
1) shifting to renewable
energy; and
2) decreasing our energy
demand
San Carlos Solar Energy Inc. (SaCaSol) Negros Occidental
Facts: Abiotic resources:
• The Philippines’ main sources of Water supply in
water are rivers, lakes, river basins,
and groundwater reservoirs. the Philippines
• Groundwater reserves are abundant
and replenished by rainfall and
seepage from rivers and lakes.
• The lakes are utilized mainly for fish
cultivation.
• Dams and reservoirs are mainly used
for: water storage, water supply,
irrigation, regulation of flood, and
hydropower.
Uses: Abiotic resources:
1. Agricultural - Agricultural water Water supply in
management in the Philippines
primarily focuses on the subject of the Philippines
irrigation.
Water withdrawal by sector (2009)
Uses:
2. Industrial - utilization of water in Abiotic resources:
factories, industrial plants and mines, Water supply in
and the use of water as an ingredient
of a finished product. the Philippines
• Thousands of tons solvent wastes,
heavy metals, lubricants, and
intractable wastes are improperly
disposed of annually in Metro Manila.
Uses:
3. Domestic - the medium of Abiotic resources:
water provision is dependent on the Water supply in
income class of a certain household
(David and Inocencio, 1996). the Philippines
• Higher income brackets usually
rely on private waterworks as a
source, while lower income
brackets usually consume less by
depending on vended water.
• Lower income households pay
much higher water prices than
higher income households
because of their lack of access to
water service providers.
Facts: Abiotic resources:
• The Philippines is an Soil and land use
archipelago that consists of in the Philippines
7,641 islands with a total land
area of 301,780 square
kilometers (116,518 sq mi).
• The islands are volcanic in
origin, being part of the Pacific
Ring of Fire, and are mostly
mountainous.
Facts: Abiotic resources:
• The Philippines’ primary source Soil and land use
of livelihood is its fertile land. in the Philippines
• The country’s six major crops are
rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut, Land use
abaca and tobacco. Except for
rice and corn, all these products
are exported, along with bananas 19%
and pineapples. Arable land

• Almost half of the country’s total 64%

17% Permanent
crops
land area is forested. Sixty Other

percent (60%) of these forests are

found in Mindanao.
 Biotic resources:
Biodiversity in
the Philippines
Facts:
• The Philippines is considered a
mega-diversity country when it
comes to variety of ecosystems,
species and genetic resources.
• The country hosts more than 52,177
described species of which more
than half is found nowhere else in
the world (Philippine Biodiversity
Conservation Priorities: A Second Iteration
of the National Biodiversity Strategy and
Action Plan, 2002).
31
Biotic resources: Facts:
Biodiversity in the • The country is also considered
Philippines a biodiversity hotspot.
• This is because the Philippines
continues to experience an
alarming rate of destruction
of these important resources
brought about by:
• overexploitation
• deforestation
• land degradation
• pollution (including biological
pollution)
• climate change
Issues on utilizing
resources
Trace the source 1. Paper

Find a partner and

consider each item
carefully. Based from
your previous knowledge 2. Ingredients for adobo
and understanding, trace
the source of each end
product by creating a
simple step-by-step
diagram (include the 3. Copper wire
major steps only). Place it
in your notebooks. (10
mins.)
Extraction
• Resource extraction involves any activity that withdraws
resources from nature.
• Produces raw material which is then processed to add
value.
• Examples of extractive industries:
•Hunting
•Trapping
•Mining
•Oil and gas drilling
•Forestry
July 22, 2012 Footer text here 37
Extraction of resources hunting

forestry

trapping

oil and gas drilling

mining
July 22, 2012 Footer text here 38
Depletion deforestation

• The depletion of natural

resources is considered to be a
sustainable development
issue.
• Sustainable development –
“to ensure that it meets the mining
needs of the present without
compromising the ability of
future generations to meet
their own needs.”
July 22, 2012 Footer text here 39
 • Depletion has the ability to
Depletion degrade current environments
and potential to impact the need
of future generations.
• The depletion of natural resources
is caused by:
• 'direct drivers of change’ - mining,
petroleum extraction, fishing and
forestry
• 'indirect drivers of change' -
demography, economy, society,
politics and technology of future
generations.
July 22, 2012 Footer text here 40
Protection
• World Charter for Nature (developed by
the United Nations) recognized the need
to protect nature from further depletion
due to human activity.
• It outlines the need for sustainable use
of natural resources and suggests that
the protection of resources should be
incorporated into national and
international systems of law.

July 22, 2012 Footer text here 41

Management
• Natural resource management (i.e. land,
water, soil, plants and animals) focuses on
how management affects the quality of life
for both present and future generations.
• Management of natural resources involves
identifying who has the right to use the
resources and who does not for defining the
boundaries of the resource.
• The users or parties accountable to the users
have to actively monitor and ensure the
utilization of the resource compliance with
the rules and to impose penalty on those
peoples who violates the rules.
July 22, 2012 Footer text here 42
 Something to think about…
• The Philippines is a country blessed with
abundant natural resources and diverse plants
and animals but why is the Philippines considered
a “poor” country?
• Does the depletion of natural resources have an
impact on the people of the Philippines? How are
we affected by this?
• As an FEU Senior High School student, what are
the possible ways for you to help in the
conservation and preservation of the country’s
resources?

43 July 22, 2012 Footer text here

Climate change
 What words come to mind when you hear the word
“climate change”? Create a word cloud out of those
words. (10 mins)
Conditions:
1. It should take a creative shape.
2. The more relevant the word, the
Work by pair. Place you
bigger the size. word cloud in a yellow
paper.
3. The word “CLIMATE CHANGE”
must be in the middle.
Guide Questions (15 mins.):
1. What is the primary cause of global warming?
2. What is the connection between global warming and
climate change?
3. How much increase in degree of temperature is considered
to be dangerous for life forms on Earth?
4. What were some of the mentioned effects of climate
change on living organisms?
5. In your opinion, is it still possible to “reverse” climate
change? How?
 Climate change
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC):
“directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of
the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods”.
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) :
“a change in the state of the climate that can be identified ... by
changes in the mean and / or the variability of its properties, and that
persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer”.
Weather and climate
• Weather is the set of
meteorological
conditions – wind, rain,
snow, sunshine,
temperature, etc. – at a
particular time and place.
• Climate describes the
overall long-term
characteristics of the
weather experienced at a
place.
The IPCC has examined the published results from many different
models and on the basis of the evidence has estimated that by 2100:

Sea level rise simulation:

http://flood.firetree.net/?ll=12.4103,122.4099
 Climate change and disasters
• Natural hazards by themselves do not cause disasters – it is
the combination of an exposed, vulnerable and ill-prepared
population or community with a hazard event that results in a
disaster.
• Climate change will therefore affect disaster risks in two ways:
1. increase in weather and climate hazards;
2. increases in the vulnerability of communities to natural hazards -
through ecosystem degradation, reductions in water and food
availability, and changes to livelihoods.
Meaning…
• Climate change may lead to:
 More frequent and stronger typhoons
 Longer periods of drought
 Changes in rainfall
 Changes in climate patterns
 Loss of sea ice
 Increase in sea levels
 That’s why…
• Learning about global warming and climate change is
important in addressing concerns and issues about disaster.
• Understanding risks, hazards and disasters should be related
with caring for our environment and natural resources.
• We must realize that the ‘natural’ environment is affected
and influenced by human activities.
• Also, the natural environment is two-faced – it can be a
source of opportunities and also of dangers.
• Therefore, management of the natural environment should
be coupled with management of its potential hazards as well.
So…
Are you ready
for disasters?