Drainage System

Drainage
System
Building Services-I (AR142)

Prepared by
Ar. Shubhajit Sadhukhan
Assistant Professor
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology Patna

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Technical Terms
Soil Appliances: Water Closets (W.C.), Urinals, Bed-pan, Washers, etc.
Soil Pipe: A pipe which carries discharge from W.C., Urinals, or any other soil appliances
Waste Appliances: Wash basins, sinks, bath tubs, washing trough, drinking water fountain
Waste Pipe: A pipe which carries discharge from kitchen, bathroom, floor traps, nahani trap
or any other waste appliances
Rain Water Pipe: A pipe provided to carry rain water
Vent Pipe: A pipe that ventilates drainage system
Stack: Any vertical pipe line of a drainage system
House Drain: Underground Horizontal pipes for drainage of discharge from soil pipes, waste
pipes
Sewage: Combination of discharge from soil pipe, waste pipe with or without rain water
Sewer: A system of underground pipe belonging to local municipal authority that collects
discharge from drains or house drains
Trunk Sewer: Main sewer which receives discharges from all smaller sewers
Inspection Chamber and Manhole: Masonry chambers provided for inspection

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Drainage System
1. Drainage below the ground

2. Drainage above the ground

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Drainage System
1. Drainage below the ground

1.1 Combined System: In this system storm water is completely

mixed with the sanitary sewage and conveyed through a single
drain

1.2 Separate System: In this system the storm is not allowed to get
mixed with sanitary sewage. Two separate drains are provided,
one for sanitary sewage and other for storm water drainage

1.3 Partially Combined System: In this system part of storm water

(run-off from roof paved yards, street etc.) is mixed with
sanitary sewage and conveyed through sewer and remaining
storm water conveyed through separate surface drains

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Drainage System
2. Drainage above the ground

This consists of a system of vertical stacks, horizontal

branches, floor traps, etc. provided for conveying sanitary
sewage ( soil water and waste water), storm water (rain water)
etc. to the under ground drainage system for final disposal

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Plumbing System
1. One Pipe System

2. Two Pipe System

3. Single Stack System

4. Partially Ventilated Single Stack System

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

One Pipe System

• The system of plumbing in which soil

and wastes from the sinks, baths and MVP: Main Vent Pipe
wash basins, and soil pipe branches MSWP: Main Soil & Waste Pipe
are all collected into one main pipe.

• The main pipe is connected directly to

the drainage system.

• Gully traps and waste pipes are

completely dispersed with, but all the
traps of the water closets, basins, etc.
are completely ventilated to preserve
the water seal.

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Two Pipe System

• The system of plumbing in which soil

MVP: Main Vent Pipe
and waste pipes are distinct and
MSP: Main Soil Pipe
Separate
MWP: Main Waste Pipe
• The soil pipes being connected to the
drain direct and waste pipes through a
trapped gully.

• All traps of all appliances are

completely ventilated in this system

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Single Stack System

• The one pipe system in which there is

no trap ventilation

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Partially Ventilated Single Stack System

• A system in which there is one soil

pipe into which all water closets,
baths, sinks, and basins discharge.

• There is a relief vent, which ventilates

only the traps of water closet

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Pipes

Material:
For Underground Drainage system may be of

• Cast Iron

• Reinforced Concrete

• Pre-stressed Concrete

• Mild Steel

• Wrought Iron

• Asbestors

• P.V.C.

• Stoneware

For Work above ground system may be of

• Cast Iron

• Asbestors

• P.V.C.

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Pipes

Minimum Size:

Underground horizontal pipes laid to slope 100 mm dia.

Vertical soil pipe (above ground) 100 mm dia.

Vertical waste pipe (above ground) 50 to 75 mm dia.

Branch soil pipe 60 to 75 mm dia.

Vent pipe 50 mm dia.

Rain water pipe 75 mm dia.

Waste pipe from individual kitchen, sink, wash basin 40 mm dia.

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Traps

• A fitting provided in a drainage system to prevent entry of foul air or gases from the sewer or drain into
the building
• The barrier to the passage of foul air is provided by the water seal in the trap
• A trap is merely a double bend or loop in sanitary fitting
• The depth of the seal is the distance between the top of the first bend and bottom of the second

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Traps
Essentials of a good trap

• It should maintain an efficient water seal under all conditions of flow, both during the water

flow as well as in the absence of water flow

• It should be self cleansing

• It should not have any internal projections, angles or contractions so as to permit unobstructed

flow through it

• It should have a smooth inner surface so that each part is automatically secured by flow of

water and there is no possibility of dust, dirt, etc. getting struck to it

• It should be provided with suitable means of access for cleaning purpose

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Traps
Causes of loss or breaking of Water Seal

• Evaporation of water in the trap caused on account of not using the appliances for a long time

• Use of defective trap, defective installation of trap or development of crack in the trap after
installation

• Creation of partial vacuum caused due to discharge of another fitting connected to the same
stack leading to emptying of the water of the seal by induced siphonage

• build up of back pressure of sewer gas in the drain forcing up the water of the trap seal

• Pressure on seal of trap due to sudden discharge of water in large quantity into the fitting (
bucketful water into a W.C.) forcing the seal to break due to self siphonage

• Due to capillary action caused by the piece of some porous material getting struck at the outlet
of the trap in such a manner that one end of the piece remains in water of the seal and the other
end of the piece remains hanging over outlet

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Shapes of Traps

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Traps
• Floor Trap or Nahani Trap

• Gully Trap

• Intercepting Trap

• Grease Trap

• Silt Trap

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Traps
Floor Trap or Nahani Trap

• Trap provided in floors to collect used water from floors of bathroom, kitchen or washing floor etc.

• It has a removable grating on top which intercepts dust or other solid matter and prevent blockage

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Traps
Gully Trap
• A deep seal trap which is provided on the
external face of wall for disconnecting the
waste water flowing from kitchen, bath, wash
basin and floors from main drainage system

• It prevent the passage of foul air from house

drain to the inside of the building

• It has a removable grating on top which

intercepts dust or other solid matter and
prevent blockage

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Traps
Intercepting Trap
• Provided at the junction of house drain (inspection chamber) and street sewer to prevent
entry of foul gases from sewer into the house drain

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Traps
Grease Trap
• Provided in large hotels, restaurant or other
industries producing large quantity of greasy
waste with primary aim of removing the grease
content of waste before discharging the same into
drain

• The velocity of waste water flow gets reduced on

entering the grease trap and that results in
separation of oily or greasy material

• Greasy materials are removed periodically with

the help of a grease tray

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

Type of Traps
Silt Trap
• Silt traps are provided only in situations
where waste water carries large amount of
silt, sand, coarse particles, etc.

• It is masonry chamber which functions like a

girt chamber

• Silt, sand, coarse are settled down in the

bottom of the chember

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna
 Drainage System

To be continued….

Department of Architecture Building Services-I (AR142)

National Institute of Technology Patna