CHIRGAON (JHANSI)

Session- 2019-20
CLASS-12th(science)

Submitted by:
Submitted to:
Priyanshu
Mr.Sourabh shrivastava
ACKNWOLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my teacher
Mr._______________ as well as our
principal sir who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic “ _____________
______________________”, which also
helped me in doing a lot of research
and I came to know about so many
new things I am really thankful to
them. Secondly, I would also like to
thanks to my parents who helped me a
lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.

Principal sir……………………
Subject
Teacher………………………………..

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “Priyanshu”, a
student of class XII (science-PCM) has
successfully completed the project on
“______________________”, under the
guidance of Mr.
___________________(Subject Teacher),
during the academic session 2019-
2020 as per the guideline issues by the
C.B.S.E.(Central Board of Secondary
Education),New Delhi.
 Signature of
Signature of
External Examiner
Subject Teacher

_________________ ________________

Bibliography
 Ncert textbooks
 www.reasearchgate.com
 www.scribd.com
 www.azooptics.com
 pradeep’s fundamental of physics
 CONTENT
Page No.
Introduction 2
Optical description
3
Critical angle
4
Phase shift upon Total Internal
Reflection
6
Total Internal Reflection in Diamond
7
Examples in Everyday Life
9
Total Internal reflection in a Soda Bottle
10
Application of Total Internal Reflection
14
 Totally Reflection Prism
 Mirage
 Optical fibres
 Looming
 Endoscopes
Distinction between Total Internal
Reflection and Reflection from a
plane
Mirror
19
Frustrated Total Internal Reflection
20
 Evanescent waves
21

Evanescent waves
Evanescent" means "tending to vanish", which is appropriate because the
intensity of evanescent waves decays exponentially (rather than sinusoidally)
with distance from the interface at which they are formed. Evanescent waves
are formed when sinusoidal waves are (internally) reflected
off an interface at an angle greater than the critical angle so
that total internal reflection occurs.

The colors in the image at right indicate the instantaneous

electric field magnitude of the incident light. In this view,
the plane of the page is the plane of incidence (contains the wave vector ki and
the normal to the interface, the latter indicated by the black line). Surfaces on
which the electric field magnitude is uniform are planes normal to the wave
vector ki. Hence the incident light is a linearly polarized plane wave (LPPW).
As time progresses, these planes move at the speed of light in a direction
given by the wave vector ki. A LPPW is the type of wave
produced by a laser.The next image at right shows the
reflected wave, which is also a LPPW. The direction of the
wave vector kr is determined such that the angle of
incidence equals the angle of reflection.

A wave (called the refracted wave) also arises on the other side of the
interface where the reflection occurs. The three arrows in the sketch at left
represent the 3 wave vectors for the incident, reflected
and refracted waves. All 3 wave vectors lie in the
same plane (the plane of incidence). The angle of
incidence qi and the angle of refraction qr are related
by Snell's law:

where n1 and n2 are indexes of refraction on either side of the interface.

When n1 < n2 Snell’s law predicts that the refracted wave vector will be bent
toward to the normal. This is called an external reflection because it often
occurs when the incident light strikes the outside surface of a solid object.
External reflections of LPPW's always produce a refracted wave which is also
a LPPW.