The Major Branches of Science

Science is a systematic study of the nature and manners of an object and the natural universe that
is established around measurement, experiment, observation and formulation of laws. There are
four major branches of science; each branch is categorized in different type of subjects that
covers different areas of studies such us chemistry, physics, math, astronomy etc. The four major
branches of science are, Mathematics and logic, biological science, physical science and social
science.

The first branch is mathematics & logic. Mathematics and logic deals with abstract concepts. It
goes hand in hand as both are needed in relation to finding out how social sciences and natural
sciences work. They are also both needed in forming laws, theories and hypothesis. Even
scientist needs this branch of science, as they would not come to a conclusion without any
formulation.

Another branch of science is Biological science. This on the other hand deals with the study of
living things. Biological science is divided into different sub topics. One of them is Zoology. It is
a category under biology that focuses on the study of animal life. The study includes, and are not
limited to, evolution, classification of both extinct and the living, structure and habits. Zoology
also deals with embryology, which is the study of the animals’ development of the embryo, from
fertilization to fetus.

Another category is Botany. This category is the scientific study of plants and its life cycle.
Including in this study are the plants diseases, reproduction, growth, chemical properties,
structure and relationship. Ecology on the other hand deals with the study of the environment and
its cultural, social and physical aspects. Economics is another category under social science; this
science studies goods and services, how they are being manufactured, distributed and consumed.
Sociology meanwhile is the study of human society; it is more concerned in group activities and
urban studies. This study is part of the social science branch, although synonymous when it
comes to the name, sociology is more compound since it uses different methods of critical
analysis and investigation to come up with a conclusion.

The study of earth's phenomena, its land and features is what Geology is all about. Another
category of social science, it can be divided into two parts, which are the physical geography that
deals with the land and human geography that deals with the land's inhabitants. Philosophy on
the other hand is the pursuit of knowledge by means of moral, intellectual and self- discipline.
Studying human behavior according to its principles is what psychology is all about.

Physical science, the last in four major branches of science, has geology, physics, chemistry and
astronomy as its categories. Astronomy is the study of the heavenly bodies, like the stars,
galaxies, comets and planets, while chemistry is the study of different substances, the changes
they undergo and their compositions. It can be divided as well into two, which are the organic
and inorganic chemistry. Physics is the study of matter and geology is the study of the physical
property and composition of the earth.
What are elements and compounds?

Water is a liquid. But what is it made of?

If we pass an electric current through electric current through water it splits into two gases:
hydrogen and oxygen.

So what are hydrogen and oxygen made of?

No matter how hard we try, we can't split them up into anything simpler. They are elements.

What is an element?
Elements are substances (like hydrogen and oxygen) that can't be split into simpler substances.
A substance like water, that is made up of two or more elements, is called a compound.

What is a compound?
Compounds are usually very different from the elements that have combined together to make
them. Water, for example, is a liquid that we can use to put out fires. Both oxygen and hydrogen
are gases, and hydrogen easily catches fire. Evaporation, the process by which an element or
compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it
boils; in particular, the process by which liquid water enters the atmosphere as water vapour.
Evaporation, mostly from the sea and from vegetation, replenishes the humidity of the air. It is
an important part of the exchange of energy in the Earth-atmosphere system that produces
atmospheric motion, and therefore weather and climate. The rate of evaporation depends
on the temperature difference between the evaporating surface and the air, the relative humidity,
and wind. See also vaporization.

Pure Substance vs Mixture

Seawater, cooking oil, steel, bronze, oxygen, salt, soil “when you look at these things
individually, do you think that you can recognize whether they fall under the ‘pure substance’ or
‘mixture’ category? Let us learn about the distinct differences and similarities, if any, between a
pure substance and a mixture.

Firstly, a pure substance is matter which cannot be separated into any other kind of matter when
using the physical or chemical process. All the particles which make up a pure substance have
the same color, taste, composition and texture. In other words, it can be an element or a
compound, which consists of only one component with a definite composition, chemical and
physical properties. Secondly, a mixture is a combination of two or more substances which are
not substances which are not united using a chemical procedure. The components that make up a
mixture do not exist in fixed proportions, and most of the natural substances that you are
familiar with, are mixtures. Examples of mixtures include water, alcohol, oil, and dye.

So what are the distinct differences between these two? With regards to a mixture, it can be
physically separated into pure compounds or elements. This is something that is not possible
with a pure substance, because it is already a type of matter which exists in its most basic, or
purest form. Another distinct characteristic of a pure substance is that, no matter how physically
impossible it may be to isolate a pure substance, it can only be considered as pure if no
impurities are detected. When it comes to their physical properties, such as their boiling or
melting points, pure substances are non- changing, while mixtures are varying. For example, the
boiling point of pure water is at 100 degrees Celsius, while the boiling point of alcohol mixed
with water may be at a range of temperatures. To put it simply, pure substances are exactly what
the name implies — pure, while mixtures are impure.

Summary:

1. Pure substances cannot be separated into any other kinds of matter, while a mixture is a
combination of two or more pure substances.

2. A pure substance has constant physical and chemical properties, while mixtures have varying
physical and chemical properties (i.e., boiling point and melting point).

3.A pure substance is pure, while a mixture is impure.

In science, matter is the term for any type of material. Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space. At a minimum, matter requires at least one subatomic particle, although most matter
consists of atoms. The word matter is sometimes used to refer to a pure substance.

Examples of Matter
Matter can include any of the following (and more, of course):

Proton
Atoms (e.g., a helium atom)
Molecules (e.g., water, sugar)
Compounds (e.g., table salt, Silicon dioxide)
Cat
Tree
House
Computer

In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current
(DC) to drive an otherwise non- spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially
important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores
using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the
decomposition potential.

Why Do the Moon and Stars Appear Only at Night?

401 px- Clementine Observes The Moon Solar Corona And Venus

A long time ago, when the universe was still young, the sun and the moon were married to each
other. One day, the moon asked her husband, the sun, to keep watch over their sleeping children,
since she had to his wife and feared, the children slowly started to melt. Although the sun wanted
to hide from his wife, his brightness always gave him away. His wife, the moon, became cold to
him and endlessly blamed him for deforming their children. She often harped about his self-
centeredness and feelings of self-importance, just because the entire universe revolved around
him.

This occurred until one day, the sun's fiery temper got the better of him — he struck his wife's
face to stop her endless nagging. Again, he felt sorry for having done so, since his action had left
the moon with scars and pockmarks on her face.

Since then, the moon and the sun became estranged, and the former took her children with her as
far as she could, to get away from the sun. She and the children showed up only during the night
when everyone was asleep, so they wouldn't notice the pockmarks on her surface or the
imperfection of her children, the little twinkling stars.

Why Does a Rainbow Appear After a Drizzle? 450px-Over the rainbow

One day, a woodsman found a beautiful star fairy lying unconscious near the river bend. He
discovered that her wings were broken and readily surmised that she must have fallen
unconscious upon hitting the ground. The woodsman brought her home and did everything he
could to nurse her back to life. The star fairy finally regained consciousness and thanked the
woodsman for saving her life.

However, she was still weak and her wings were still broken, although the woodcutter
improvised some form of brace to help the wings heal properly. Months passed and the
inevitable happened, the woodsman and the star fairy fell in love with each other. The lovers
decided to get married so they could raise a family and have children.

But alas, the day came when the fairy’s wings started fluttering on its own, so the woodsman had
to remove the improvised braces. As soon as the wings became free, the star fairy was carried off
to high heavens and the woodsman never saw his beloved star fairy again. He was so devastated
that each day he went to the river bend, hoping that his wife would be there with her wings once
again broken.

The star fairy was back at the star kingdom and could see her beloved husband pining every day
for her at the river bend. However, the king had taken away her wings as her punishment for
straying too far away from the kingdom. She can only have them back if she learns how to
behave like a real star fairy.

One day, the king chanced upon the beautiful fairy crying and looking forlorn as she watched the
river bend below. Looking down, he also saw the woodsman near the river bend who was also
looking equally forlorn and with tears streaming down his face. Now the star king couldn't stand
the sight of the lovers’ hopeless situation but the union between an Earth creature and a star fairy
is strictly forbidden and impossible.

The king finally came up with a bright idea; he stretched out the tails of his multi- colored g-
string (this is not the risqué version) so that it would hang down until it formed an arch that
would reach the river bend. He told the star fairy that she could go down via the multi-colored
arch to visit her beloved woodsman but only for a few minutes. Otherwise, the arch would
disappear and she could never go back. If she stayed too long on Earth she will become a mortal
and will soon die. It turned out that the fairy is already more than
a thousand years old, basing on Earth's life period.

Therefore, if you see a rainbow after a brief rain shower, it means the star king took pity on the
lovers again and had let down the tails of his colorful g-string. The drizzle is actually the star
fairy's tears, while the woodsman called the multi- colored arch “bahag hari” or the king’s g-
strings.

Why Does the Philippines Have 7,000 Islands? 800px Homeward bound

At a time when there was only a single great mass of land between the great sky and an equally
great water, a large prehistoric bird got bored of circling around the same area for millions of
years. It had made several attempts to fly as far as it could, to discover what lies beyond the far
horizons. However, the big bird was always forced to go back, because there was no other land
on where he could rest his tired wings.

One day, the bird came up with a clever idea. The scheming bird told the water that the sky was
irritated by the way the water keeps on copying the sky's hue. If it decides to don a blue color,
then water also becomes blue, if the sky is clear and white, the water becomes clear and neutral
too. The sky hates it the most that the water imitates even the former’s dark mood, because the
water also turns gray and somewhat murky. Water of course became indignant upon hearing this;
and it heaved a deep breath to which great amounts of water rose up in the form of gigantic
waves, high enough to reach the sky and fill its clouds with water.

The sky was puzzled at the water’s behavior because it seemed that it was intentionally pelting
the sky. The scheming bird approached the sky and told the latter that the water was resenting the
fact that the sky often made the decisions on what color they had to have. Even if water wants to
try other colors, the sky keeps on reflecting itself on the water’s surface.

Sky, of course, was furious upon hearing this that it let out loud roars of thunder and flashes of
lightning that hit not only water but also the large mass of land. It drained out all the waters
carried in its clouds while water continued to pelt huge waves the latter that the water was
resenting the fact that the sky often made the decisions on what color they had to have. Even if
water wants to try other colors, the sky keeps on reflecting itself on the water’s surface.

Sky, of course, was furious upon hearing this that it let out loud roars of thunder and flashes of
lightning that hit not only water but also the large mass of land. It drained out all the waters
carried in its clouds while water continued to pelt huge waves against the sky. All these affected
the great mass of land because it slowly softened and weakened as sky and water fought against
each other's might.
Soon enough, the great mass of land started to break into little pieces much to the delight of the
big bird. Sky and water saw what had happened, and as a result stopped fighting and tried with
all their might to bring back the pieces of land together. It was too late
because there were about 7,000 pieces of land that were too far away from the main land. The
bird of course finally fulfilled his wish of travelling far and wide, beyond the horizons.