Psychological Key points

Perspectives
 Three levels of consciousness
1. Unconscious mind- Unaware.
2. Pre-conscious mind- Information can be recalled even if you are not
Sigmund Freud’s aware.
Psychoanalytic Theory 3. Conscious mind- State of awareness.
 Three parts of the personality
1. Id- Selfish and needy.
2. Superego- Our conscience.
3. Ego- Makes the decision.

 Reciprocal Causation Model- The influence of behavior, environment and

Albert Bandura’s Social- person depend on which factor is strongest in a particular moment.
Cognitive Theory and  Vicarious- Arouse emotional reactions in the observer.
Vicarious Learning  Vicarious reinforcement and punishment play a role in determining
whether an individual will choose to engage in a behavior or not.

 Personality develops through thee eight stages of psychosocial

Erik Erikson’s development, infancy to adulthood. The psychosocial crisis which are
Psychosocial the trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs.
Development inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs.
stagnation, and integrity vs. despair, could have a positive or negative
outcome for personality development.

 Three levels of moral development

Lawrence Kohlberg’s
Moral Development
1. Pre-moral- Children obey the rules of authority figures to avoid
punishment and judge an action based on its consequences.
2. Conventional- Children obey the rules of authority figures, but it is
because they believe that it is necessary to ensure positive
relationships and societal order.
3. Post-conventional- People now believe that some laws are unjust
and should be changed or eliminated.

 Self-Concept is a term used to refer to how individuals evaluate

themselves. The two aspect of this are: The existential self which is the
sense of being separate and distinct from others and the awareness of the
Self-Concept Self constancy of the self, and the categorical self which is the realization that
Identity and Social he or she exists as a separate experiencing being.
Identity  Social Identity has two parts: The personal identity which is the things
that are unique to each person and the social identity which is the groups
you belong to in a community.

 The true self is by nature asocial and amoral. It isn’t interested in the
feelings of others, it isn’t socialized. It is a sense of self based on
Donald Winnicott’s The spontaneous authentic experience, and a feeling of being alive, having a
True and The False Self real self.
 The false self is a capacity to behave according to the demands of external
reality to maintain the relationship.