Society of Petroleum Engineers

SPE 29978

Design and Performance of Chuchupa 14 - First Horizontal Gas Well,

Offshore Colombia
w. s. "Bill" Huang, Mike R. French, Barry N. Markitell
SPE Members

COPYright 1995, Society 01 Petroleum Engineers, Inc.

This paper was prepared lor presentation at the International Meeting on Petroleum Engineering held in Beijing, PR China, 14-17 November 1995.

This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents althe paper. as presented,
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ABSTRACT
90% of the gas supply for electricity generation in the
In November 1992, a 2000-ft horizontal well was drilled coastal area. While the Ballena Field is partially onshore,
in the Chuchupa Field, offshore Colombia. Chuchupa is the Chuchupa Field is about 7 miles offshore. The
a major gas field in Colombia, contributing about 90% original gas in place for Ballena and Chuchupa are 1.5
of the gas supply for electricity generation on the and 4.2 TCF, respectively. Gas recovery in both fields is
northern coast of Colombia. This paper documents the 30% and less than 30%, for Ballena and Chuchupa,
selection, planning, reservoir simulation, drilling, respectively.
completion and operation phases of this project. The
horizontal well, Chuchupa 14, was successfully drilled According to a previous reservoir simulation study,
from an offshore platform in 200 ft of water with a total some of the existing wells in the Chuchupa Field may
horizontal displacement of 2000 ft. The entry point of face water breakthrough in a near future, therefore
the horizontal well is 6300 ft away from the platform. replacement wells are needed to insure a continuous
The formation is a semi-consolidated Chuchupa supply of gas from this field. Horizontal wells are one of
sandstone at a depth of 5325 ft sub sea, with average the option to be considered.
thickness of 167 ft, and average permeability of 209
md. Initial production test indicated that the well could BACKGROUND
be produced at 60 MMSCF/day on a 44/64" choke. This
production rate is 4 to 6 times that of a conventional Figure 2 shows the isopach map of the Chuchupa Field
vertical well. Currently, the well is being produced from with its discovery well Chuchupa 1 near the center of the
40 to 60 MMSCF/day. In this application, the horizontal field and the 8 vertical producers drilled from the
well can replace at least four vertical wells. With the platform. When the field was first placed on production
development of horizontal wells, a significant amount of in October 1979, the rate was at about 100 MMSCF/day.
savings can be realized with fewer platforms and wells As of December 1991, 450 BCF of gas had been
needed to develop the remainder of the field. produced from the field with the average production
rate of 104 MMSCF/day or 13 MMSCF/day/well for the
INTRODUCTION 12 year period. Before the horizontal well was drilled,
production from the eight vertical wells was 140
The natural gas in the northern coast of Colombia is MMSCF/day.
primarily supplied by two gas fields jointly operated by
the Texas Petroleum Company and Ecopetrol. The The group of vertical producers are in the eastern
Ballena Gas Field and the Chuchupa Gas Field in the portion of the field where an aquifer is known to exist.
Guajira area, shown in Figure 1, provided more than Figure 3 shows the extent of the aquifer interpreted by

11
2 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF CHUCHUPA 14-
FIRST HORIZONTAL GAS WELL, OFFSHORE COLOMBIA
geologists. As can be seen, the vertical wells have to be
perforated in the upper portion of the formation to
delay water coning. According to a previous reservoir
simulation study, water breakthrough will occur soon in
several wells. In order to maintain uninterrupted gas
production from this field, a reservoir management team
from Texaco Colombia and Texaco Exploration and
Production Technology Department (EPTD) was
formed in January 1992 to investigate the feasibility of
drilling additional wells.
INITIAL SCREENING
The objective of the initial screening was to determine
the production potential of a horizontal well in this
reservoir. Of the 8 existing producing wells, Wells 2, 7, 8,
12 and 13 have thicknesses ranging from 139 to 196 ft
whereas wells 9, 10 and 11 range from 65 to 87 ft.
A verage information from the five wells in the thicker
pay sands were used for history matches. These wells
have been producing at an average rate of 13 to 15
MMSCF/day with pressure drops ranging from 20 to 80
psig over the 12 year period.
Joshi's PC based analytical horizontal well model,
JTI.HORIZONT AL was used to history match the
vertical well and predict horizontal well production.
A verage reservoir parameters input to the model are
shown in Table 1. By adjusting flowing bottomhole
pressure, skin factor, and decline exponent after the
pseudo steady state time, average production rates as a
function of time and cumulative gas production for a 12
year period were matched. Results indicated that the
production rates varied from 15 MMSCF/day to 12
MMSCF/day and the cumulative gas production was 58
BCF which was close to the 57.2 BCF observed data.
With average parameters derived from the vertical well
history match, a horizontal well projection was generated
using the same model with different horizontal well
lengths and Kv/Kh ratios. The initial rates and 12 year
cumulative for horizontal well lengths from 1000 to
3000 ft. and Ky!Kh ratios from 0.06 to 1.0 were:
Rate, MMSCF/day/well 16 to 87
Cum, BCF/well 57 to 238
Figures 4 and 5 show the comparisons of these cases.
They clearly indicate that horizontal wells could
improve the deliverability of the reservoir.
PROJECT PLANNING
From the encouraging results, several action items were
taken:
1) A multi-disciplined task force consisting of reservoir,
12
SPE 29978
production, drilling and geological personnel was
formed to manage the project.
2) An in-depth evaluation of reservoir performance was
initiated concurrently to design the horizontal wells.
Items to be determined would include:
a) number of horizontal wells to be drilled from
the existing platform,
b) orientation and depth of well,
c) deliverability projections which would include
tubular design,
d) water breakthrough time and critical production
rate.
3) The drilling program and cost estimates for
horizontal wells would be commenced as soon as
preliminary well design was established.
4) Modification of the platform for horizontal well
drilling would take place with the assistance of
Texaco Central Offshore Engineering.
Sufficient lead time was required for ordering and
shipping drilling and production equipment to
Colombia for the horizontal well. In order to complete
the drilling of the horizontal well by the end of 1992, a
project flow chart shown in Table 2 was established.
RESERVOIR SIMULATION
To facilitate the in-depth study, a reservoir simulation
study was initiated with the existing geology and
production data. A single well model was chosen to
conduct a vertical well history match. After a satisfactory
history match was made, different operating scenarios
were evaluated. Reservoir pressure support was simulated
by placing water injectors on the boundary of the
drainage area. Injected water volumes were adjusted to
maintain the observed reservoir pressure while the
vertical well was being produced.
Reservoir Model
A Western Atlas International black oil simulator, VIP-
ENCORE, was used for this study. VIP-ENCORE is a
three-phase, three-dimensional, vectorized, fully-implicit
(or IMPES) simulator. The horizontal well option,
HVWELL, was used to predict horizontal well and
vertical well prediction performance.
HVWELL, which was created by Texaco, consists of
three modules: a pre-processor (input panels), a
single/dual porosity model, and a post-processor. The
pre-processor requires minimum reservoir and fluid
information to create a complete input data set, with
SPE 29978 W.S."BILL" HUANG, M.R. FRENCH, BARRY MARKITELL
PVT and rock correlations, for running a single porosity
(or dual porosity) simulator. An automatic grid set-up
option is also built into HVWELL to create correct grid
geometry for modeling various vertical and horizontal
well length and well location relating to GOC/wOC, and
hydraulic fractures perpendicular to the horizontal
wellbore. Well block productivity indices for both
vertical and horizontal wells are automatically calculated
using the method of Peace man 1. These features greatly
save man-time and cpu-time for the data preparation in
reservoir simulation.
Reservoir Grid
A 3D model was used to represent the symmetric
element (one-quarter) of 430 ft thick, 3000 acre
drainage area with a horizontal well in the middle.
Figure 6 illustrates a 3D Cartesian grid case generated
by HVWELL for a 2,000 ft horizontal well with 130 ft
of pay and a 300 ft of water table. The drainage area of
3000 acres was represented by a square box of 11432 ft
on each side. Due to symmetry, only 114 of the volume
was simulated as shown in the figure. The horizontal
well was placed 20 ft below the top of the formation
which was 110ft above the water table to minimize
coning.
Note that to properly simulate water coning, the
program automatically creates fine grids adjacent to the
top and bottom of the horizontal well. Eight layers were
provided to describe the 130 ft pay sand with the
horizontal well in the second layer. Five layers were
allocated to represent the 300 ft water table. Half of the
horizontal well was represented by seven grid blocks in
the y-direction. Fine grid blocks of 10ft each are near
the tip of the horizontal well to better simulate water
coning and to monitor the fast pressure drop in the
region.
Reservoir and Fluid Properties
To establish a representative scenario in the Chuchupa
field, average properties of the eight existing producing
wells were used for the vertical well history match.
Properties shown in Table 1 were used except for the
average thickness which is 130 ft for the eight wells.
Other updated information included permeability of
210 md and porosity of 22%, as more data became
available. From core analysis, the vertical permeability
was determined to be 21 md. Many shale stringers were
observed in the aquifer. Through history matching of
the vertical well water production history, the
permeability of the aquifer were estimated to be 2 md
horizontal and 0.5 md vertical.
Connate water at 23.5% and residual gas saturation to
liquid at 32% were used for establishing end points of
13
3
the gas oil relative permeability curves. Other default
parameters were used for the rest of the relative
permeability curves.
Vertical Well History Match
Average production rates from the eight wells were input
to a single vertical well model. Aquifer support was
provided by using four water injectors at the periphery
of the drainage area. Vertical and horizontal
permeabilities in the water table were adjusted so that no
water production was observed at the end of the vertical
well history match. Strength of aquifer support was
adjusted so that the predicted reservoir pressure matched
with the observed reservoir pressures. Results of the
vertical well history match are shown in Figure 7.
Observed tubing head pressures during the vertical well
production period were used to run PIPEPHASE so that
an appropriate bottomhole flowing pressure history
could be constructed. The bottomhole flowing pressure
history calculated from the tubing head pressure data
was compared with the predicted bottomhole pressure
history. Results indicated that the bottomhole flowing
pressures agreed reasonably well.
Absolute Openhole Flowing Potential (AOFP)
After the vertical well history was completed, the same
reservoir parameters were used to set up horizontal well
models. Horizontal well length of 250, 500, 1000, 1500,
2000 and 3000 ft. were evaluated. A four-point
production test was simulated by producing the well at
20, 40, 60 and 80 psi pressure drawdown. From the
calculated flow rates, the AOFP of each horizontal well
with a different length was established. Figure 8 shows
the AOFP for the vertical and horizontal wells in
Chuchupa. Note that the AOFP for a 500 ft and 2000 ft
horizontal well would be 3 times and 8 times,
respectively, that of a vertical well.
Inflow/Outflow Curves
PIPEPHASE was used to estimate the flow rate
deliverability for tubing sizes from 3.5" to 7" at different
tubing head flowing pressures and a specified
bottomhole flowing pressure. The range of tubing head
pressures varied from 1800 psig to 1500 psig whereas
the bottomhole flowing pressures varied from 2280 psia
to 2150 psia. These served as outflow parameters
whereas the results from the AOFP calculation served as
the inflow parameters for the inflow/outflow curves.
Results of the inflow/outflow curves for tubing head
flowing pressures of 1800, 1700, 1600 and 1500 psig,
and horizontal well length of from 250 ft to 3000 ft
were obtained. Figure 9 illustrates the inflow/outflow
curves for a tubing head flowing pressure of 1800 psig
4 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF CHUCHUPA 14 -
FIRST HORIZONTAL GAS WELL, OFFSHORE COLOMBIA
case with horizontal well length varies from 300 to 2000
ft.
Horizontal Well Position in Pay Sand
A parametric study was made to investigate the effect of
horizontal well position within the pay sand. For a 2000
ft horizontal well case, the well was placed at 20 ft, 40 ft
or 65 ft from the top of the formation. The reservoir was
allowed to produce at 50 MMSCF/day for 20 years.
Results indicated that for the 20 ft case, water did not
appear until after 19 years of production. When the well
was placed in the center of the pay sand (65 ft), water
would have been produced after 15.2 years. The water
breakthrough times and amount of water produced after
20 years are shown in Table 3.
Selection of the Horizontal Well
Length
The criteria in selecting a horizontal well is to have a
maximum deliverable production rate with minimum
sand and water production. From Figure 9, it can be
seen that a longer well can provide higher rates.
We elected to use a 50 psi pressure drawdown, about half
of the drawdown in a vertical well, as a criteria to select
the horizontal well length. This was chosen to maximize
horizontal well productivity and reduce potential
problems for high gas production rate such as,
-turbulent effects
-sand production
-tubing erosion
-accelerating water coning
To minimize extensive platform modification for
drilling, we tried to avoid using 7" casing for
production. For 5.5" tubing the maximum erosional
velocity would be about 50 MMSCF/day. With these
constraints in mind, a 2000 ft horizontal well can be
selected for the case where the tubing head flowing
pressure is 1800 psig as can be seen in Figure 9.
Completion
The existing producers were cemented and perforated.
Sand production was minimized, when no significant
perturbation in pressure drawdown was introduced. In
the case of using horizontal wells, the pressure
drawdown would be smaller. Therefore, the possibility
of producing sand would be even smaller. We
recommended using slotted liners, which is a less
expensive sand control method.
14
SPE 29978
Position
Results from Table 3 indicate that horizontal wells
should be placed near the top of the formation to
minimize water coning. Positioning the well 20 ft from
the top of the formation will compensate for
uncertainties in picking the top of the pay sand and
providing a larger target window to facilitate drilling.
Reducing the distance from the top of the sand would
increase the risk of penetrating above the top of the
formation.
Location
Ideally the horizontal wells should be placed far away
from the existing wells to minimize interference of
production. Input from the drilling engineers indicated
that a practical distance for a horizontal well to enter the
pay sand would be about 8500 ft. from the platform.
From the reservoir point of view, this distance appears to
be adequate. We recommended 8000 ft. so that potential
drilling problems will be minimized.
Tubing Size
As mentioned before, large tubing should be used to
handle high flow rates. However, if 7" casing were to be
used, extensive platform modification would have been
required.
Production Rate
50 MMSCF/day was selected based on the maximum
erosional velocity of 5.5" tubing. This production rate
can also be delivered by the horizontal well within the
tolerance of pressure draw down limits.
DRILLING AND COMPLETION
The importance of pre-well planning can not be
overemphasized. In order to improve the chances of a
successful horizontal well application, potential
problems must be identified and contingency plans
formulated well ahead of the spud date. Several areas of
concern were reviewed by a team of experts consisting
of both Texaco Colombia and EPTD personnel. The
following are highlights of the final recommendations.
Casing Program
24" drive pipe had been pre-driven to a depth of 366'
(214' below the mud line) when the platform was
originally drilled. 18 5/8" conductor casing would be set
at a depth of 590'. 13 3/8" surface casing would be set at
3350' MD (2515' TVD) at an inclination of 60 0 • This
point was selected to case off the first build section prior
to drilling the long tangent section. 10 3/4" x 9 5/8"
SPE 29978 W.S."BILL" HUANG, M.R. FRENCH, BARRY MARKITELL
production casing would be the last string of pipe to be
cemented in place. The shoe would be set at 81 0 , 16'
TVD below the top of the Chuchupa sand. 10 3/4"
would be run from surface to 600' to permit the
installation of a surface controlled sub sea safety valve at
± 400' in the 7" production tubing.
Completion Program
A 7" liner with 1350' of solid wall casing followed by
2000' of slotted liner would be used as the production
string. A hydraulic packer would be used to hang the
liner and isolate the annulus. The top of the liner would
be placed in the 60 0 tangent section immediately above
the second kickoff point. This would permit wireline
access to the landing nipple run immediately below the
packer. A string of 2 7/8" tubing run inside the slotted
liner and stung into a seal sub would provide the
capability to circulate past any bridges while running the
liner and would also allow the mud in the annulus to be
displaced with completion fluid. A liner tie-back stem
and overshot assembly would be used to tieback 7"
tubing to the surface.
Directional Program
Directional targets for horizontal wells are three
dimensional. In addition to specifying a target area in
the horizontal plane, a target window must be specified
in the vertical plane. The target window in the vertical
plane is typically referenced to the top of the reservoir.
Since the exact depth at which the reservoir top will be
penetrated is seldom known, the target window is usually
a "moving target". A properly designed directional
program must provide adequate contingency to allow
hitting this moving target.
With the existing offset well data and seismic
interpretation, the geologists could only predict the
expected sand top, and thus vertical target window,
within + 85' TVD. With such a large sand top
uncertainty, a pilot hole through the reservoir would
usually be required prior to drilling horizontally. The
Chuchupa project differed from the norm in that the
areal extent of the structure and the thickness of the
reservoir permitted fairly liberal target constraints. This
generous target window would allow hitting the target
without first drilling a pilot hole, by using a technique
developed by Texaco in our Gulf of Mexico horizontal
wells.
The technique requires approaching the expected sand
top at a relatively high inclination, determined to be 81 0
for Chuchupa. The approach angle must be attained by
the shallowest depth at which the sand top may be
encountered. This angle is then maintained, using a
steerable motor, until penetration of the sand is verified.
15
5
Verification is provided by a real-time resistivity sensor
in the MWD package. Once sand penetration is verified,
the final build to horizontal is initiated.
When drilling the well, it would be very important to
utilize directional practices which would minimize
torque and drag. EPTD's experience has indicated that
significant increases in torque and drag are realized in
build sections when the directional driller uses a "pattern
drilling" technique in conjunction with a steerable
motor. Pattern drilling is the practice of alternately
sliding and rotating a steerable motor in order to achieve
the required build rate to follow a design line on a
vertical section plot.
EPTD has developed a directional technique that
reduces torque and drag in horizontal wells. The
technique utilizes a "design window" on the vertical
section plot as opposed to a design line. Minimum and
maximum acceptable build rates are specified as
opposed to specifying a single design build rate. The
minimum and maximum build rates define the lower
and upper boundaries of the design window. When the
well is kicked off, as long as the actual build rate is
between the minimum and maximum that have been
specified, the steerable motor is oriented the entire build
section. Adjustments are made in the tangent angle to
allow hitting the target. This results in a much smoother
build section and less drag, even though the dogleg
severities surveyed may be significantly higher than
those reported using a pattern drilling technique.
Texaco has used this technique successfully in our Gulf
Coast horizontal wells. This technique would be used on
the Chuchupa 14 well.
Mud Program
Several mud systems were designed to drill specific
sections of the well to handle the unique problems
associated with the formations penetrated. The vertical
section was drilled with two systems, one, a non-
dispersed, seawater/prehydrated bentonite, through the
conductor and surface holes, and the second, a
seawater/drispac to mechanically control the shales.
A mixed metal hydroxide (MMH) was used to drill the
horizontal section. It has an excellent carrying capacity
for hole cleaning purposes, and it also exhibits high but
fragile gel systems. Calcium carbonate was used as a
weighing material as well as a bridging agent to
minimize formation damage.
Formation Evaluation Program
All formation evaluation data would be gathered via
real-time logging while drilling tools (L WD) and/or
mudlog analyses. No wireline logs were programmed.
6 _DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF CHUCHUPA 14 -
FIRST HORIZONTAL GAS WELL, OFFSHORE COLOMBIA
No LWD data would be acquired above ± 5000' TVD.
On a bit trip at or near 5000' TVD, a 2 MHz
propagation resistivity LWD sub would be added to the
MWD package. The real-time resistivity measurements
would be used to correlate and confirm entry within the
Chuchupa sand.
A 2 MHz propagation resistivity sub would be run in the
horizontal section. After drilling approximately 1000' of
horizontal section, if hole conditions permitted, a real-
time neutron-density sub would be added to the MWD
package.
IMPLEMENTATION
The well was drilled according to schedule. A 2000'
horizontal section was successfully drilled and
completed, but not without incident. For examples
1) During the drilling of the 12 114" hole, sticking
problem occurred as gumbo formation prevented the
down-hole motors from performing as designed. A 9
5/8" casing had to be set at 7154 MD(4615 TVD) and
the 8-112" hole had to be sidetracked. As a result, a 7"
production liner had to be set in the formation and an
unplanned 6" hole had to be drilled in order to
complete the well. Therefore, a 5" slotted liner instead
of the originally designed 7" slotted liner had to be
used for production.
2) The top of the sand appeared 96' higher than
expected. However, due to the built-in contingency
plan taking this into consideration in the pre-drill
planning program, the horizontal well was
successfully placed 20 ft below the top of the sand as
designed.
The final completion of the well is shown in Figure 10.
The vertical 24" conductor pipe was set at 366'. 18 5/8",
87.5 Ib/ft, K-55 surface casing was set at 590 ft. It was
followed by a 13 3/8" 54.5 Ib/ft, J-55, buttress
intermediate casing at 3348'. 9 5/8", 43.5 Iblft, N-80
buttress production casing was set at 7154'. The
production liner is a 7", 26 lblft , N-80 buttress casing
wilhout slots, set at 8934' followed by a 5" , 15 Iblft, N-
80 slotted liner with 64 slots per foot. The total
production length is 1953 feet. The profile of the well is
shown in Figure 11. Note that the horizontal well
entered the pay sand 6000 feet away from the platform
and penetrated another 2000 feet.
PRODUCTION TESTING
The initial production testing indicated that 26
MMSCF/day could be produced through a 46/64" choke
at tubing head pressure of 1961 psig. About 400 grams
16
SPE 29978
of sand and 5.6 barrels of water per day were produced
for the first three days as the well was being cleaned up.
As different choke sizes were being tested, production
stabilized around 28 MMSCF/day on a 35/64" choke at
2000 psig with 5 barrels of water and 7 grams of sand
per day.
The well was also tested at 60 MMSCF/day on a 44/64"
choke with 1925 psig tubing head flowing pressure.
Water production was minimal at 7 bbls of water per day
and no sand was produced. The 60 MMSCF/day test was
sustained for 3 days. When the well was brought down to
44 MMSCF/day on a 42/64" choke at 1965 psig, no
measurable amount of water and sand were observed.
Production was maintained at 20 MMSCF/day because
of the limitation of the production facilities at that time.
The production testing and pressure history from
January 22, 1993 through May 4, 1993 are shown in
Figure 12.
CURRENT STATUS
Modification of the platform was completed in late 1993
to handle higher production rates. Entire production
history of the well since the inception of the production
is shown in Figure 13. The production rate was set
according to demands. It had been produced for up to
60 MMSCF/day without sand and water production.
CONCLUSIONS
1. A multidisciplined team has successfully designed,
drilled and produced the first horizontal well in
offshore Colombia. The observed production
matches closely the predicted production.
2. It is possible to drill a horizontal well with a large
sand top uncertainty without first drilling a pilot hole.
This technique requires a high approach angle, real-
time logging while drilling (LWD) sensors, and fairly
liberal target constraints.
3. The detailed pre-well contingency planning allowed
the target to successfully be entered, even when the
sand top was penetrated 96' higher than originally
estimated.
4. It is feasible to drill and complete a horizontal well in
unconsolidated sand and produce at high rates
without sand production.
5. Application of horizontal wells in the Chuchupa field
can reduce the number of required wells and
platforms in developing this gas field.
SPE 29978 W.S."BILL" HUANG, M.R. FRENCH, BARRY MARKITELL 7

Table 1
Chuchupa Gas Field
Key Parameters used for PC screening model

Reservoir Pressure, psia 2529

Pay thickness, ft 167
Reservoir Porosity, % 23.9
Reservoir Permeability, md 209
Initial Water Saturation, % 24.8
Reservoir Temperature, of 158
Gas Gravity, fraction 0.563
Total Compressibility, 1/psi 0.000392
Initial Gas Viscosity, cp 0.017
well bore Radius, inches 4.25
Drainage Area, Acres 3000
KvfK h, fraction 0.06

Table 2
Horizontal Drilling at Chuchupa - Preliminary
Flowcharting
January I FabrUlry I Match I April I ""'y I June I July I Auguol ISaplamberi Oclober INovamberl Docamber
111111111 11111111 I 1I]ltjll I "1"111 I "1111!! I II!IIIII I Iljltjll I Iqlljll I 111"111 I 111"1" I l!julll 111111[11
10 20: III 20 ~ 10 20 : IQ 20 : 10 20 : 10 20 : 1(1 20 : 10 20 : 10 20 : 10 20 : 10 20 : 10 20
Reservoir EvalUllion I I I I I I I I I
I I ! I I 1 I I I I I

Orlq. eosi Evaluation By EPTO: : : : : : : : :

I I I I I I 1 I I I J
I I I I I I I I t I I
I I PIaHormMod. ByCOE I I I I I I I I
: : I I Order Drillina Equipment I I : : :
I I I I I I I !
I I Order PrOduction Eauipment 1 1 I
I I I I I I ! I
I J I 1 I ' I [
I I I I t PIa~Mod. J I
t I I I I I I
I I I I I I Ortq.WtlIChu-14 I
I I I I I I I
I I I I I I Dng.WellChu·1

Table 3

Horizontal Well Initial water Cumulative

distance from breakthrough water
top of formation time production
(ft) (years) (MSTB)

20 19.2 19
40 18.2 99
65 15.2 289

17
Figure 1. Guajira joint operation - location map. Figure 2. Chuchupa Field, Colombia - Horizontal well location.

90 ,
,
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Chuchupa - 5 Chuchupa - 1 Chuchupa - 2 :E 50

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---I-------------~------
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20 -------~-------------,------
,
,
10
1,000 2,000 3,000
Horizontal Well Length, Feet

Figure 3. Chuchupa cross-sections. Figure 4. Chuchupa Field - Preliminary horizontal well evaluation (3,000
acre spacing, H = 167 Ft., Initial Rate vs. Well Length).

240 , ,

220 ---- -- -~, -- -- -b --- --:--

, ----
Formation Thickness = 130 Ft
______ Il-.. _____ ~_-,-- I
Water Column = 300 Ft
200 , ,
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180 ------ ----r-
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:::I
140
120
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, NY= 17
NZ = 13
60 -----------~-------------~------
, ,
, ,
(Not To Scale)
40
1,000 2,000 3,000
Horizontal Well Length, Feet

Figure 5. Chuchupa Field - Preliminary horizontal well evaluation (3,000 Figure 6. Horizontal well gridding system - 114 representation.
acre spacing, H = 167 Ft., 12-yr. Cum. vs. Well Length).
18
 2,800 1-;---;------:---:-----;-------:--;=:::::;==1 1,000E +07
1\1
'iii
u:Q
I
Q, ----r----r----'T
15
!!! 2,600 ()
:J
1/1 I I
rJ)
:e N 'i 1,000,000
.....no.
1/1
~ 2,400 .
_~ _ _ _ _ J ____
I
~

I
----.-~----~--------
____ ~

I
_ _ _ _ _ I __ _
10 :e no
no
...
'0
I
I I I I
~
a: 100,000 - - --
Cii 2,200· ====~====~====~===~----~----~--.
I
> I I I Simulated Pressue - =:= == 5 ~
I • Measured Pres9ua o
III
Gl _ _ Rate Sch.
I
I u::
a:
2,000 -+---+--+---+---+--+---+---1--' 0 10,000
o 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 10 100 1,000 10,000
Days Gas Rate, MMSCF/D

Figure 7. Chuchupa Gas Field - Horizontal well reservoir study (Vertical Figure 8. Chuchupa Gas Field - Horizontal well reservoir study (Vertical
well history match). and horizontal well flow potential).

IL 366, 24" Conductor

~90'
400' Safety
Valve Surface Casing
.~ 2,350-.-------~----~--~--~----~--~1----~-------. Shoe lS 518",
c.. I I I
730',10314", S7.5 LblFt,
I I I I I I I
K-55, Butt
~.. 2,300 -0 ::.3.S'·i'L~.t.}.L O-=5~'~ - - ~ - - - O=I.o'~ ~- -- ~- ___ ~- -- 4----
51.0 LblFt,
N·SO, Butt
rJ) I I Intermediate Casing
rJ) Shoe 13 3IS",
l!! 54.5 LblFt,
Q, 2,250 - J-5S, Butt
01
C Production Casing
.~ 2,200 Shoe 95/S',
43.5 LblFt,
u: I
Production Liner
7", 26 Lb/Ft,
N-SO, Butt
GI ___ .1 ___ _
'0 2,150 -- - N-80, Butt
~
Without Slot
J: ':
!5
:s2,100·
I -

m 02040 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Flow Rate, MMSCF/D
Slotted Liner 5",
15 LblFt, N-80, Butt
64 Slots per Foot

Figure 9. Chuchupa Gas Field - Horizontal well reservoir study (lnflow/ Figure 10. Chuchupa 14 - Well completion.
Outflow Curves [THFP = 1800 psigJ).

_ Plan View

~
C)
-iii
100 ,------------------------------------------, 2,500 Q,

>- !!!
1\1 80 2,000 ;
Q

I
u:
() ----~
III
~
no
rJ) 60 --------------- 1,500 C)
iI :E ----- THFP, psig c
:E 'i
I
5555' I

I
-Gi
1\1
a:
1/1
.. - - .. - - - Gas Rate, MMSCF/day :- 1,000 o
u::
'C
:g
I 1\1
(!J J:
I C)
c
OmrrrrmmTI~rrmrrmmm~rrmmmmmmmTImTImmmnmTImTIfumm~~O :0

8204'
j 1/22 2121 3/23
Date, 1993
4/22
~

Figure 11. Chuchupa 14 profile. Figure 12. Chuchupa 14 - Production testing and pressure history.
19
 60,000~---------------'''----------'

55,000 1=1 0 Ave, Monthly Prod. (MCFD) J

50,000 1=1- Cum. Production (MMCF) r-------l 1------ f~
45,000 ___________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r---

c::: 40,000 - ,------ - I--

0
:g 35,000 +---------..:----1 r- I--
t---- -
'"e
"0
30,000 -1-----------1 r- r----
f---- -
WW IH 1--H-1
I--
a..
en 25,000 -1-----------1 r- t---;;-- I--
to I--
(!J
20,000 + - - - i l - l 1--1 1-1 I-- I--
-- r-
15,000 r-
10,000 I--
5,000

M
ri I M
r ftf
M
l-
M
~
~
~
'!'
"
"7 ~
en Iz ~ ~
~
'"
f
~
~
"7
i.,
en
~
z
;;; ;;; 6M 6
M
;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; g g
Figure 13. Chuchupa No. 14 - Average monthly and cumulative gas
production history.

20