Assignment (M(CSE)301)

Probability Theory
4 2
1. The probability that Ashok can solve a problem in Business Statistics is 5 ,that Amal can solve tit is 3 ,
3
and that Abdul can solve it is . If all of them try independently, find the probability that problem is
7
solved.

2. A and B throw alternatively with a pair of dice. A wins if he throws 8 before B throws 5 and B wihe
throws 5 before A throws 8. Find the probability that A wins.
3. In a bolt factory machines A,B,C manufacture respectively 25%,35%,40% of the total. Of their output
5,4,2 percent are defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from their product and is found to be
defective. What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines A, B and C?

4. Three machines 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍 produce respectively 60%, 30% and 10% of the total number of items of
a factory. Of this output 2%, 3% and 4% are defective. An item is selected at random and is found
defective. Find the probability that the item was produced by machine Z.

5. A random variable 𝑋 has the following probability function

𝑋=𝑥 ∶ -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑃 𝑥 ∶ 0.1 𝑘 0.2 2𝑘 0.3 3𝑘
(i) Find 𝑘

(ii) Evaluate 𝑃 𝑋 < 2 , 𝑃 𝑋 ≤ 2 , 𝑃(−2 < 𝑋 < 2)

(iii) Find mean and variance.

6. A discrete random variable X has the following p.m.f.

Values 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
of x
P(x) 0 k 2k 2k 3k k2 2k2 7k2+k

i) Find the value of k

ii) Evaluate P(X<6), P (X≥6) and P(0<X<5)

7. Find k such that the function f (x) given by

f ( x )  kx , 0  x  1
2

= 0 , elsewhere

is a probability density function of some random variable 𝑋. Find the corresponding distribution
function𝐹(𝑥). Determine P (1 / 3  X  1 / 2 ).

1  x
8. If the p.d.f of a random variable X is defined by f (x )  e ,   x   , evaluate mean and variance
2
of X.
9. Find the mean and variance of a Binomial variate X with parameter n and p.

10. Find the mean and variance of a Poisson variate X with parameter .

11. If 𝑋 is 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎) variate then find E (X ) and V a r ( X ) .

12. If a random variable 𝑋 follows Poisson distribution such that 𝑃 1 = 𝑃(2), then find the followings

(i) mean of the distribution,

(ii) standard deviation of the distribution,
(iii)𝑃(𝑋 = 4),
(iv) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 4),
(v) 𝑃(𝑋 = 1 or 0)

13. The life of tyre manufactured by a company is normally distributed with mean 34,000 miles and
standard deviation 4,000 miles. Find the probability that such a tyre lasts over 40,000 miles. (Given that
Φ 1.5 = 0.9332).

14. A car hire firm has two cars which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for a car on each
day is distributed as a poisson distribution with average number of demand per day 1.5. Calculate the
proportion of days on which neither car is used and the proportion of days on which some demand is
refused. (Given that e-1.5=0.2231).

15. If the mean of a binomial distribution is 3 and the variance is 3/2, find the probability of obtaining
atmost 3 success.

16. The mean and variance of a binomial distribution with parameter (𝑛, 𝑝) are respectively 3and2. Find
the values of 𝑛 and 𝑝. Also find the probability 𝑃(𝑋 = 5).
17. If 5% of the electric bulbs manufactured by a company are defective, use Poisson distribution to find
the probability that in a sample of 100 bulbs , i) none is defective ii) 5 bulbs are defective. [Given
5
that e  0 .0 0 0 7 ].
18. For a random variable X prove that 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏 = 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 , where a and b are constant.

19. If the weekly wage of 10,000 workers in a factory follows normal distribution with mean and standard
deviation Rs 70 and Rs 5 respectively. Find the expected number of workers whose weekly wage is
i) between Rs 66 and Rs 72 ii) less than Rs. 66
1 𝑧 −𝑡 2 /2
Given that 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 0.1554 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0.2881 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠 𝑧 = 0.4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 0.8
2𝜋 0

20. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability that the mean of
a sample of size 900 will be negative.(given that P( 𝑧 < 1.43) = 0.847 )

21. A fair coin is tossed 400 times. Using normal approximation to binomial distribution find the
probability of obtaining i) exactly 200 heads ii) between 190 and 210 heads ,both inclusive. [Given
that the area under standard normal curve between z = 0 and z = 0.05 is 0.0199 and between z = 0 and z =
1.05 is 0.3531].