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Contents
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w w w . am e r i c anb e e j our nal. c om
Editor-K irsten T raynor Advertising Manager-Marta Menn
Publishing Department- Dianne Behnke & Susan Nichols
A H on eye d G r eek
C h r i st ma s F ea st — 1 3 3 1
T h er e’ s A New B uzz i n DC
K ar e n N i e ls on L or e nc e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 7 5
● B ug P h ob i c t o B eeke ep er
Suza nne D . C ohe n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 7 7
Not es f or t h e L a b : T h e L a t est B ee S ic en e c Di st i lled
Sc ot t M c Ar t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 3
T h er e’ s A New B uzz i n DC — 1 2 7 5
Articles
● T a xe s f or B eeke ep er s i n 2017
H ow ar d Sc ot t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 7
M i so ur i o J i n s t h e Na t i on a l H on ey B ee Di se a e s S ur ve y L et t er s t o t h e
Departments
C har lot t e E kke r W i g g i ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 9 5 Ed i t or . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 9
● H i ve of S ic en ce f or B ees: New sn ot es . . . . . . 1 2 6 3
R ep or t F r om a n In t er n a t i on a l P olli n a t or W or ksh op
Ali s on M c Af e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 9 7 B eeke ep er s—T h e
Va r r oa P r ob lem—P a r t 13 U— is n g t h e M i t e M od el Next G en er a t i on . . 1 3 1 0
R andy O li v e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 0 3
Classified
● C a n B eeke ep i n g S a ve a L i f e? A d ve r t i si n g . . . . . . 1 3 4 1
M alc om T. Sanf or d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 7
H on ey’ s M a g i ca l P ow er : F our W a ys t o S la y M i cr ob es 2017 Y ea r En d
R us t y Bur le w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 2 5 In d ex . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 4 5
● A H on ey ed G r eek C h r i st ma s F ea ts A d e v r t i si n g
T’ L e e Solle nb e r g e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3 1
In d ex . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 5 0
Columns
T h e C la s s r oom F or t h e L ov e of B ees a n d B eek eep i n g
Je r r y H aye s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6 9 K e i t h D e lap lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 3
F I R ST Y E AR BE E K E E P E R S Minnesota to say that bees don’t cant practical and scientific benefits
freeze was a huge relief to me. I’m will come from transforming our bee
Hello: from Minnesota originally, and I yards into smart worlds. Think of a
My husband and I are first year know first hand how harsh and beehive as an immobile robot that
beekeepers. We live in the Washing- long the winter is there. So our bees monitors the health of the bee col-
ton, DC area and have a weekend should be just fine (temperature ony inside, analyzes the data from
place in West Virginia. We set up wise) in West Virginia! its sensors, and alerts the beekeeper
two beehives in the spring of 2017 of any deviations from the norm
at our place in WV. There’s a small Thank you, through the Internet of Things.
stream nearby and more wildflow- Roxanne Rothschild To make this vision of beehives as
ers all spring, summer and fall than intelligent immobile robots a reality,
you can imagine. I’m including a we need terabytes of good quality
photo from the end of September data collected over multiple years
of one of our bees busily harvesting AR TI F I C I AL I N TE L L I G E N C E and at multiple locations. We need
pollen from daisy fleabane. F O R H O N E Y BE E H I V E S this data to develop automated di-
We’ve had our ups and downs agnostic bee health models. In other
this first year. For example, at one We wanted to share with your words, the BeePi system is all about
point we installed a queen excluder readers that we are currently run- putting artificial intelligence (AI)
in one of the hives only to discover ning a Kickstarter online fundrais- into beekeeping.
a few weeks later that we’d ac- ing campaign to raise funds for BeePi is a multi-sensor electronic
cidentally “excluded” the queen our electronic beehive monitoring beehive monitor all of whose com-
above the excluder! Oops! project. ponents fit in a standard Langstroth
Learning about the incredibly We all know the threats facing shallow or medium super. While
complex world of honey bees has bees and beekeepers today. It was there are other electronic beehive
been very interesting and reward- the 2013 Time magazine cover “A monitors available today, BeePi is
ing. We’re now focused on getting World Without Bees” and the ac- unique, because it uses computer vi-
them through the winter. We at- companying article that first stirred sion and video analysis to estimate
tended a honey bee lecture in Min- me to consider how I as a computer forager bee traffic levels. Another
nesota put on by the University of scientist and a beekeeper could help unique feature is sensor fusion, be-
Minnesota “Bee Squad” who said improve the health of bee colonies. cause the system combines informa-
that bees don’t freeze during the Our electronic beehive monitor, tion extracted from video, audio,
winter - if they die it’s because they called BeePi, is based on the hy- and temperature signals to make
ran out of food. For someone from pothesis that in the future signifi- estimates of the beehive’s health.
All BeePi hardware components are
completely off-the-shelf.
We assembled and tested the first
pilot version in September 2014. In
2015, we tested two units for two
weeks. Then in 2016, we tested a
total of four units (two each at two
different bee yards) for approxi-
mately two months. This year we
have been running four units in four
beehives (two each at two different
yards) since early May and have col-
lected 125GB of video, audio, and
temperature data.
We are continuing our fundrais-
ing campaign until it officially ends
November 14, 2017. Since we have
raised enough money to assemble
several more monitors to deploy in
the next beekeeping season, thanks
Photo by Bryan Burnett to the generous support of our Kick-
Waterer - 2 jar
Waterer - 1 jar
Waterer - close-up
New s
200 pounds [of honey] off of each hive,” said Delaney.
The way the program operates, the local partners
will get the colonies, pull their honey off and bring it
Not es
to the experts at the Appalachian Beekeeping Collec-
tive to extract.
“I’ve been helping them design a big honey process-
ing building that will be able to process 100,000 pounds
of honey and then we will bottle it, we’ll market it and
we’ll sell it to a higher end community,” said Delaney.
C O AL M I N E R S SH I F T TO BE E K E E P I N G “We’re not just selling the honey but also a story which
is really cool.”
UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE RESEARCHER HELPS Kate Asquith, program director at Appalachian
ESTABLISH SOCIOECONOMIC GROWTH PROGRAM Headwaters, said that starting a beekeeping opera-
FOR DISPLACED MINERS IN WEST VIRGINIA tion can be a risky and expensive endeavor and they
wanted to help the first-time beekeepers get over those
University of Delaware hurdles.
“This is a way to make sure that they’re getting as
Former coal miners or citizens whose lives have been much profit from their beekeeping as they can,” said
shaped by the coal mining industry in southern West Asquith. “Our hope is that we can help people get a lot
Virginia spent their summer learning how to establish more money for the work that they’re doing and Deb-
and operate bee colonies thanks to help from the Uni- bie is a really big part of all of it. She’s been a wonder-
versity of Delaware’s Debbie Delaney. ful piece of helping us plan out the program.”
Delaney, associate professor of entomology in UD’s Appalachian Beekeeping Collective is headquartered
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, spent at an old camp that was once owned and operated by
her summer in Summers County working as a con- coal mining companies that saw thousands of kids of
sultant through Appalachian Headwaters which is a coal miners go through the camp from different min-
non-profit organization that formed the Appalachian ing states.
Beekeeping Collective. Delaney said that the goal was “These people are so tied to this place. When I was
to help get the socioeconomic growth program up and there over the summer, at least twice a week somebody
running for displaced miners in 14 counties in southern would drive by and say, ‘I went to camp here 50 years
West Virginia. ago. This place means so much to me’ so it’s a really
“We got about 500 nucleus colonies or nucs, which special spot,” said Delaney. “There’s so much rich his-
are small colonies of bees, and a queen and all summer tory there.”
we’ve been erecting bear fences and creating bee yards Because the people are tied to the land and invested
so we can grow the colonies over the season and get in the history of the area, Delaney said that it made
them through the winter,” said Delaney. sense to get them involved in beekeeping.
Beginning next year, local partners will come on “They’re native and they’ve been there for genera-
board and get hives which will be a way for them to tions and they know every mountain, every hill has a
generate income. name even though it might not be on a map. Because
Delaney said that how much income will vary de- they’re so tied to the land, this operation had to be
pending on what kind of forage is available during something that was sustainable and that was also very
connected to the environment and beekeeping is defi-
nitely both of those things,” said Delaney.
The area also has a rich history of beekeeping as Del-
aney said she would find antique beekeeping equip-
ment at area flea markets.
“Everybody’s grandfather had bees. It’s because it’s
all hardwood forests there, which all produce nectar
and pollen and so it’s a really good area for beekeep-
ing, really high quality forage. I think both of those
things make it ideal,” said Delaney.
The plan is for those beekeepers to keep their own
apiaries but get bees raised by the Appalachian Bee
University of Delaware’s Debbie Delaney is helping for- Keeping Collective.
mer coal miners learn a new trade -- beekeeping. “We’re trying to raise a strain of Appalachian honey
Credit: University of Delaware bee that is mite resistant and that’s a big piece of what
L U R I N G H O R N E TS: SC I E N TI STS Asian hornets attracted by sex pheromone caught on the sticky
U N L O C K SE X P H E R O M O N E O F trap. Photo by Ping Wen
N O TO R I O U S H O N E Y BE E P R E D ATO R Nieh noted that recently Turkey and Balkan nations
have been invaded by Asian hornets, with much of
TRAPS BAITED WITH SYNTHETIC
Western Europe at risk. A single hornet can bite and
PHEROMONE COULD BECOME SOLUTION
kill hundreds of honey bees in its quest to obtain honey
TO INVASIVE ASIAN HORNET
bee larvae. European honey bees have not evolved
with this deadly predator and have poor defenses. As
Over the past decade, Asian hornets, predatory in-
a result, “the European economic impact is high,” said
sects with a widespread and expanding population,
Nieh, and “major colony losses have led some beekeep-
have invaded parts of Europe and Korea. Vespa velu- ers to abandon apiculture.”
tina has a growing reputation as a species that prolifer- Nieh noted that Asian hornets are difficult to con-
ates rapidly, preys on honey bees and poses risks to trol because their colonies can spread rapidly and their
humans. nests are difficult to find in non-urban areas. They pose
Now a biologist at the University of California San dangers to humans with stings that are painful and, in
Diego and his colleagues in Asia have developed a so- rare cases, deadly.
lution for controlling Asian hornets derived from the Pheromones are chemical signals that transmit in-
insect’s natural chemical mating instincts. formation between members of the same species. Sex
As reported in Scientific Reports, UC San Diego’s pheromones play a key role in mating and the contin-
James Nieh and researchers at the Chinese Academy of ued survival of the species. In the case of Asian hornets,
Sciences and Yunnan Agricultural University discov- which have limited vision, sex pheromones likely play
a key role in long-distance attraction. The new research
demonstrates a simple, reliable way to monitor and
potentially reduce the populations of these invading
insects.
M O R E TH AN 7 5 % D E C R E ASE
I N TO TAL F L Y I N G I N SE C T
BI O M ASS O V E R 2 7 Y E AR S
We often hear from gardeners and friends that they
don’t see the bees they used to on their property.
With all the headlines about bee declines, are people
just looking more closely? Or has the insect popula-
tion truly decreased in the last few decades?
According to new research from Germany, the total
flying insect biomass decreased by more than 75 per-
cent over 27 years in protected areas. Insects play a
crucial role in ecosystem functioning, pollinating 80
percent of wild plants and providing a food source
Asian hornet attacking an Asian honey bee. Photo by Ping Wen for 60 percent of birds. Previous research has shown
AR I Z O N A
11th Annual Organic Beekeepers Conference is now
accepting speakers and attendees for the March 2-4,
2018 conference, held at Triangle YMCA Ranch in
Oracle, AZ. Registration fee is $240 per person and
includes 2 nights lodging, 6 catered meals, all refresh-
ments during conference, and free vendor space.
Topics include chemical free beekeeping, bee breed-
ing, field hive management, and apitherapy. Contact
This is a malaise trap in a nature protection area in Germany. Dee Lusby to register at deealusby1@aol.com or by
Credit: Hallmann et al (2017) phone in the evenings 520 748 0542.
O BI TU AR Y C O L O R AD O
LAWRENCE JAMES “JIM” KUEHL The Colorado State Beekeepers Assoc. will host
their winter meeting at Island Grove State Park, in the
Lawrence James “Jim” Kuehl of Loup City, Nebraska city of Greeley Colorado on Saturday, December 2nd
died Friday, October 20, 2017 at the age of 92. from 9am to 5pm. Keynote speaker will be Meghan
Jim & Ruby owned and operated Cook & Beals, Inc Milbrath. A research associate at Michigan State Uni-
from 1962 – 1991. Jim was instrumental in the invent- versity, Meghan is active in multiple beekeeping orga-
ing of the Spin Float Honey Wax Separator in the early nizations, writes for multiple beekeeping journals, and
‘60’s. The Spin Float was patented on November 16th, speaks about bees all over the country. She currently
1965 (Patent # 3,217,979). Jim at Cook & Beals, Inc. also runs the Northern Bee Network, and is passionate
held US patents on the Honey Comb Handler and the about keeping and promoting healthy bees. Also not
Q VENTILATION
I've made a Lang hive ventilator.
I stapled a plastic queen excluder
to prevent the hardware cloth from
sagging. I then put a layer of thin
A
First, in true Jerry fashion. Why
burlap, then shavings. The frame this device? Why do you want to
has holes drilled with screen on trap moisture in burlap and shav-
them. I’m having a tough decision ings inside the beehive?
on one thing. Do I put my ventilator Why not just prop up one corner
on top of the inner cover, or should of your lid with a pencil diameter
I put it directly on the frames. I’ve size stick laid on its side to create a
always struggled with this choice. small ¼ inch vent opening? Creates
What do you suggest? a small opening so the chimney like
effect of our vertical Langstroth hive
Thank you hardware can move warm moist
Mark air up and out. Warm moist air is
removed, keeps mold and fungus
from growing in a warm humid en-
vironment and can’t freeze because
it isn’t there. And when ambient
(outside) temp goes up the frozen JERRY
water that might be on the under- If your colony is so weak it can’t
side of the lid without upper venti- defend itself and a relatively tiny
lation can’t melt and rain on colony. entrance you have created on one
If you really think you want to use corner of the hive lid against robber
the device I would put it on top of honey bees or other insects then you
frames. need to condense the colony into 1
box so there is 1 bee on every inch
MARK'S COMMENT of comb. Then determine why they
OK, I understand your comment. were so weak that you had to do
That makes a lot of sense. But what this management.
about wasps and robbers. If I put a I am assuming you treated
stick under the lid, they can fly in for Varroa back in August. Just
and get into the inner cover hole? about every bad thing with
Thank you for the discussion honey bee health in 2017 cascades
down from high levels of Varroa
Mark parasitism.
A A
store in a single deep.
A
says, “Honey collected during Api-
Guard treatment can be fed back to
the bees". I did not see any restric-
tions on feeding honey to bees or
humans in 2014 EPA registration If we try to duplicate in all ways
but let’s just stay with feeding it how a honey bee swarm might se-
back to bees. lect a cavity of an optimum size in
Some honeys will crystallize faster the wild there are some highs and
than others. Cool temperatures, like lows but the average is around 40
in a basement, will hasten that pro- liters. Volume = Length X Width X
cess. The honey is simply separating Height
out some sugars by forming sugar A deep Langstroth hive body has
crystals. The one thing you need to a volume of 42.75 liters. Sooo, in
check on: if the honey in the comb theory 1 hive body should work if
has crystallized, it won't be able to it includes a min of 50 lbs. of honey.
be extracted. It will not be a liquid The size of the colony going into
but rather a solid. winter indicates food needs, tem-
D r . E l in a N iñ o perature overall with swings from
Q
high to low as winter proceeds and
Q
honey health and vigor based on
STORED HONEY IN FRAME
WINTERING lack of stress diseases.
The challenge we beekeepers
In the fall of 2016 I applied Api- have in 2017 is honey bee health as
Guard to my hives after I had pulled I hope this finds you doing well. primarily related to control of Var-
the honey I planned to extract. Last Just a question to throw at you roa mites and all the other things
year was my best year after six years about the ancient subject of win- that cascade down from incomplete
Q
ony of thousands of bees. Mites can
P. Carolina (the only 2 red Polistes in
the eastern US), that has either de-
fall off because of grooming behav- G AR L I C , B AS I L
formed, damaged or missing wings.
ior or just fall off. All it tells you is
you have caught Varroa mites. Un-
F L AV O R E D H O N E Y
I've been fascinated by these partic- less you know how many bees are
ular wasps all of my life. The adults Dear Jerry
in that colony it really only gives If the bees feed on a large amount
feed on nectar and effect pollina- you a possibility not a real answer.
tion, while the larvae are fed meat; of Ornamental Garlic, will it give
If you use a jar / container that the honey an undesirable taste?
usually caterpillars chewed up into you have marked with a measure-
a gooey ball, thus controlling certain They sure like the plant.
ment line for 100 bees or buy a con- Also what about the plant African
insect pests. In 60+ years of close ob- tainer like the Varroa Easy Check
servations I have never seen a wasp Blue Basil?
system that is self-contained to col- Thank You
of this species catch or use honey lect, wash and count bees, then vi-
bees as food. So please beekeepers; sually count Varroa removed, you
do not start an eradication program Emmett Junkin
have the two needed pieces of data
against another insect ally thinking 1) number of bees and 2) number of
that you are somehow helping or mites on that number of bees.
protecting your bees. With this information you can
know with better certainty what
Terry Combs, your management decision should
Keyesport, IL be.
Q STORED
ANTIBIOTIC
We have a 2# unopened cardboard
A
container of Tetra Bee Mix that set
up over summer. It is a dough like
consistency. Can we liquefy this
JERRY and apply on top of the frames? In-
Very cool Terry. You are the first to gredients are sucrose, soy flour and I am going to assume (you know
ID this. Thank you. mineral oil Oxytetracycline dehy- what can happen with assume) that
Q
drate base equivalent to oxytetracy- these are small plantings around
cline hydrochloride. your home. The small amount of
MITE COUNT flavored nectar from ornamental
Steve Auchtung garlic or the cultivar of basil mixed
with the other flower nectars com-
A
Hi Jerry, ing in from the environment
Is a sticky board a good way to around you will all dilute each
get a mite count? other. Even at that, if you had pure
garlic nectar converted into honey
Mac in Maine Tetra Bee Mix is designed to be the flavor dissipates in a few weeks
applied as a dry powder. The anti- as the honey ages. You would need
biotic active ingredient must be kept acres and acres of garlic or basil to
dry or it breaks down and losses ac- get a distinct long term flavored
tivity. Refrigeration also helps keep honey.
the product dry with appropriate If you could get 10 acres of garlic
activity and quality. and 10 acres of basil and have the
It sounds like it is ready for the bees produce a garlic/basil honey
trash Steve. It is of no value if it has that would make a great meat mari-
absorbed moisture and is a dough. nade. Sales would be amazing! ☺
A Jeff
A
Alfalfa field
An “expert” is anyone that is more
than 250 miles away from home. JERRY
Yeah, one is a pyrethroid and one The insight and nuances of man-
is a neonic. I wonder what they are aging honey bees is always interest-
spraying for? Certainly just a guess but when ing. Yes it was nit picking but keep
The State Dept. of Ag. should be you use some miticides such as doing it.
able to tell you what they are spray- caustic acids it can damage the
ing for, why now, drying times and sense of smell organs which are lo- Take care. Jerry
residues. cated at the tips of the antenna. A
If they could move them 3+ miles very sensitive spot.
away to a safe place away from The Queen produces odors (pher-
other environmental impacts and
leave them there for 4-7 days before
omones) that are used to communi-
cate, “here I am, I am the Queen”. Sanders Honey
moving them back home that would
be perfect.
If some number of the young work-
ers have some level of damage to Queens
In theory they could screen the
entrances the night before to keep
their 'nose' then she will not be rec-
ognized as the Queen and perhaps
For Sale
the bees inside the next spraying
day but not knowing where the
even as a foreign invader or a non-
functioning Queen. If so this behav- Josh Sanders
trees are and what the drift or re-
sidual drying time may be it would
ior would not be unusual.
Little late to rear a Queen, have
7288 Perdie Lee Rd
make me nervous. drones to mate with and make the Nicholls GA 31554
Let me know if you need any-
thing else.
journey through winter. I would
plan on combining.
912-399-8480
1272 American Bee Journal
December 2017 1273
1274 American Bee Journal
I
t was at a Governors’ Confer- neighborhood there. In Washington, tor friendly flowers. She obtained a
ence several years ago where D.C., the hive is on the Naval Obser- list of flowers from a gardener. The
Mrs. Karen Pence learned about vatory, a 72 acre plot with an abun- Vice President’s residence has beau-
bees firsthand. She knew they exist- dance of floral choices. This hive tiful lush grounds, lending itself to
ed; she knew they were important, was just started in April of 2017. a pollinator specific garden. Cone
but Mrs. Pence did not realize ex- In D.C., there is a network of trav- Flowers, Yarrow, Butterfly Weed,
actly how exciting bees were until eling beekeepers managing bees Bee Balm, Hyssop, Salvia, Verbena
she attended this conference with for other people. According to Mrs. and Gaillardia abound. The beauty
her husband. Pence, the hive at the Naval Obser- of having one’s own hive, of course,
The National Governors’ Asso- vatory is four boxes high now and is that the essence of your honey
ciation sets up meetings for first will be condensed to three as winter reflects the fragrance and flavor of
spouses several times a year. Pre- approaches. your own flowers.
sentations showcase what is being The bees work mostly floral sourc- When asked if the family uses
accomplished in their own states, es with a concentration on pollina- much honey or has a favorite rec-
and that’s where she got the idea to
have a hive. First ladies from other
states were talking about how they
had started bees in their gardens
at their governor’s office. This was
four years ago, but that did it! She
was stung!
Up until this time, Mrs. Pence
had no experience whatsoever with
bees. No family members, friends,
or neighbors kept bees. She noted
that many acquaintances were fas-
cinated by it now but no one had
started their own hive. She had been
reading about Colony Collapse Dis-
order and had a nagging concern
about that. What a great example to
have a bee hive at the Indiana office,
and she jumped right on board. The unveiling of the bee hive at the Naval Observatory, home of Vice President and Mrs.
Although she knew nothing at all Pence, was attended this spring by many of the American Beekeeping Federation members.
about managing a bee hive, she con- Gabrielle Ludwig from the California Almond Board (blue top), Kevin Hackett, National Pro-
tacted a local beekeeper who helped gram Leader for USDA-AMS (tall man with beard), the beekeeper who takes care of the hive
her establish a hive. The Governor’s (just right of center), USDA Secretary Perdue and Mrs. Perdue, Mrs. Pence, Tim May (Vice
residence in Indiana is on six acres President of ABF), Roslyn James of the USDA-AMS National Programs, and Gene Brandi
and the bees travel throughout the (President of ABF). O cial White ouse hoto by Andrea anks.
ipe using honey, her response was Beekeeping Federation board mem-
that the Vice President (and she bers were invited to Washington
called him ‘Mike’) has a favorite D.C. to help Mrs. Pence with the GOT WAX? GET PAID!
snack - bananas covered with pea- unveiling of the hive. Gene Brandi I t’ s that simple!
nut butter and honey. Also favored, (President of ABF) and Tim May
however, is honey on toast, in tea (Vice President of ABF) accepted
L ight and dark.
or coffee, as a sweetener on a snack, the invitation to attend. Mr. Sonny Rendering services available.
and on ice cream. Perdue, newly appointed Secre-
Although not a “hands-on” bee- tary of Agriculture, also attended. BEE EX CEL L ENT
keeper at this point, Mrs. Pence All were photographed with the Phone ( 218) 7 7 6 -3593
is a wealth of information about new hive on the Naval Observatory
bees. One of the questions posed to property and were invited into the
F ax ( 218) 7 7 6 -3502
her was “What would you like the Vice Presidential residence for lem-
E-mail bexcel@gvtel.com
American public to take from your onade and cookies. Tim and Gene Global inquiries welcome.
example of being ecology minded both agreed a huge statement had
by keeping bees?” been made about the importance of
“I want the American public to bees in our economy simply by the
support bees,” Mrs. Pence said. choice made by Mrs. Pence to keep
“Knowing that one third of our bees on her property.
daily food comes from products According to ABF President Gene
resulting from bee pollination tells Brandi, “It was an honor to be invit-
us how important it is for us to ed to the Vice President’s residence
support bee health. If you have an in June for the unveiling of their bee
apartment, have flowers on your hive. We appreciated Mrs. Pence’s
balcony. In a yard, have a birdbath comments about the importance of
with rocks to enable bees to get a honey bees to the nation as pollina-
drink of water. Purchase honey and tors of approximately 1/3 of the food
honey products. Go to your local we eat. They also acknowledged
farmers’ market and take advan- the fact that honey bees are still not
tage of buying from local beekeep- healthy and need our help.”
ers. Get the benefits of eating local Because of Mrs. Pence’s inter-
honey including fewer problems est and subsequent advocacy for
with allergies.” honey bees and all pollinators to-
day, the American people are even
The American Beekeeping more aware of the crisis the honey
Federation is invited to D.C. bee is experiencing. Certainly this
The American Beekeeping Feder- positive publicity will inspire oth-
ation has fully supported the keep- ers to follow suit and support the
ing of bees by our politicians. This honey bee and insure its health and
past summer, two of the American survival.
job. The video Amie had taken of EAS in New Jersey last year. I pho- self standing in bits of my roof in
the contest was shown at our next tographed all of Joe Lelinho’s slides my kitchen! I’m still a novice bee-
Wednesday morning staff meet- and reviewed them with Dennis keeper, with much to learn. I wish
ing. Chris Cripps, the Betterbee co- when I got home. The nice thing I could say, after the way my bee-
owner who had accompanied us to about having my bees up on our keeping story began, that I always
Guelph, announced, “She found it roof is that they are pretty much re- find the queen in my own hive, now
in less than two minutes!” Everyone moved from predators. that I have one. That is not the case.
howled with laughter, watching me Actually becoming a beekeeper, But, when I can’t find her directly, I
do most everything wrong, like re- after two years of working at Better- know to look for her handiwork of
moving the medium super and plac- bee, helps me greatly as a customer eggs and larva.
ing it directly down in the grass. My service representative. Now, when Last winter I took Betterbee’s
win, together with a photo of me customers call with beekeeping Beginning Beekeeping Class, and
receiving my reward, was featured questions and ask, “Are you a bee- of course I learn a ton about bee-
in the 2016 Betterbee catalog. I still keeper?” I can proudly say, “Yes, I keeping just working at Betterbee.
keep my golden hive tool proudly am.” Having hands on experience It is such a luxury to have Better-
displayed over my desk. is invaluable. For instance, I used to bee’s owners, and my knowledge-
It was my honey (the human kind), tell customers buying plastic foun- able coworkers, to turn to with my
Dennis, who had the idea of putting dation for the first time, to install in own beekeeping questions. I would
our first hive up on the back roof of wood frames, “It’s easy. They just say that the most important thing I
our house. We have a very small pop right in!” Well, they do snap in, have learned is that beekeeping is
yard behind our home in the vil- but not quite as easily as I thought. hard work. There is a lot to learn to
lage of Greenwich, and I was afraid It took me a little while, when I did maintain healthy hives. And, like
our bees would be too close to our my first ones, to get the knack of Dennis says, the more a beekeeper
neighbors anywhere there. Bet- turning the frames upside down, learns the more you can find your-
terbee owner Joe Cali agreed that pulling up a bit on the bottom bar, self asking, “Why am I doing this,
it sounded like a good idea. Then, and gradually easing the founda- again?!”
by luck, I was able to attend Joe Le- tion into place. A hive can be lost to swarming,
linho‘s lecture, “Beekeeping in an I find my bees to be totally laid varroa mites, starvation, predators,
Urban Setting/Rooftop Hives,” at back when I’m photographing them and a slew of diseases. Monitoring
around my yard, or just in pass- and treating for diseases is serious
ing. But, I always wear a protective business. But, knock on wood, my
jacket and gloves to tend to my hive. first hive is thriving, entering the
And, after an early inspection when winter relatively varroa-free and
“my girls” were in a particularly well stocked with honey.
unfriendly mood, I have become My honey bees have been so
more careful about the timing of my productive that we’ve actually ex-
hive inspections. When able, I go tracted two full 10-frame medium
into my hive during peak foraging supers of honey! We extracted
hours, around 1 to 3 PM, and NOT one in August, and the second the
when my neighbor is using a lawn end of September. I didn’t expect
mower! to get any honey my first year, as
I opted to start with just one hive. is often the case. It was so exciting
We figure two to three will be our to get to use all the extracting tools
Photo by Suzanne Cohen. maximum, or I might find my- I had been stocking up on! I am a
O
ne thing I often hear from currently the most widely used The authors found that total aver-
beekeepers is that they’re insecticides in the world. Three age neonic concentrations in honey
interested in the emerging main factors lead to their accumu- were 1.8 nanograms per gram
science on pollinator health, but it’s lation in honey: Neonics are sys- (ng/g). They note that 0.1 ng/g is
hard to stay informed. They either temic insecticides, which means the lowest concentration at which
don’t have time to keep up with it they accumulate in all plant tis- an observed detrimental effect of a
or the scientific articles are simply sues, including nectar. neonicotinoid (thiamethoxam) has
too dense. To help remedy this situ- been shown in honey bees. How-
ation, we’ve decided to summarize 1) Neonics can stay in the soil ever, the study found low concen-
some hot-off-the-press research for several years before poten- trations (average <0.035 ng/g) of
in plain English, cutting through tially being taken up by crops the most toxic neonicotinoids (clo-
the dry jargon and complicated or other plants. thianidin, imidacloprid, thiameth-
methods. We want to highlight the 2) Bees collect nectar across great oxam) and higher concentrations
most exciting science that impacts distances (on average ~1.5 km (average <2.40 ng/g) of the less
beekeepers in a concise, accessible, from their colonies). Thus, toxic neonicotinoids (acetamiprid
easy-to-read column. pesticide residues in honey and thiacloprid). Without knowing
Our first featured article has re- bee colonies are considered the specific neonic composition of
ceived a lot of chatter in both the an excellent measure of con- individual honey samples, unfor-
scientific community and beekeep- tamination in the surrounding tunately we are left without a criti-
ing blogosphere: “A worldwide landscape. cal piece of information to assess
survey of neonicotinoids in honey” risk. Some of the honey the authors
written by Edward Mitchell and Are the neonic concentrations tested clearly posed a risk to bees,
colleagues, published in the journal they found in honey dangerous since maximum concentrations of
Science [358: 109-111 ( 2017) ]. to bees? When evaluating risk, it’s the highly toxic neonics were ob-
The authors tested nearly 200 important to consider that the 5 served up to 6.3 ng/g. But more
honey samples from around the neonicotinoids tested vary greatly information than is contained in the
world for 5 different neonicoti- in toxicity. Toxicity is typically re- paper is needed to understand the
noid (a.k.a. “neonic”) insecticides: ported as an LD50, the dose that pervasiveness of risk to bees among
acetamiprid, clothianidin, imida- kills 50% of adult bees in a cage the 198 honey samples tested.
cloprid, thiacloprid, and thiameth- study. The LD50 for thiamethoxam Are the neonic concentrations
oxam. They found traces of at least is 5 ng, which means if one worker they found in honey dangerous
one insecticide in 75% of samples, bee consumes that amount, it has a to humans? One reason neonic-
two or more insecticides in 45% of 50% chance of surviving. But that otinoids have been widely adopted
samples and 4-5 insecticides in 10% same bee would have to consume owes to their low toxicity to humans
of samples. 1,732 ng of thiacloprid to reach the compared to other classes of insec-
Wow, neonics in 75% of world- same chance of surviving. In other ticides. Neonic residues are found
wide honey… where do they words, thiamethoxam is roughly 346 in many foods we eat, especially
come from? Neonicotinoids are times as toxic as thiacloprid. some fruits and vegetables. None
Se e m or e av ai lab le i t e m s on our w e b s i t e
W e b s i t e : ht t p : / / w w w . w i nt e r s unc he m i c al. c om
D
uring a dark and bitter cold picture. Driven by the intense pain These 12-comb observation hives
morning of last January in my hands, I just bolted for the were still relatively new to me for
2017, I had just sprinted to house, aiming for the backdoor winter observations. They were
the back door of the house. I was light, just a dim spot from the bee nothing like my usual single-comb
running from the bee house by my house, which promised warmth observation hives. I have managed
home apiary. Not because of the and recovery. I had to return as dozens of them in the bee house.
bees, but rather I ran from seven soon as possible. The clusters were (The bee house can hold 30 of them.)
measly degrees above zero, the only behaving in strange ways that I had I was still testing out a pair of 12-
ones remaining at 4:00 a.m. I had never seen. comb observation hives (see Figure
been inside the bee house where I
keep observation top-bar hives of
various sizes.
Classes were on break over the
holiday. Suzanne was away visiting
her relatives, and I was book writing
and bee watching 24/7. For this late-
night session of bee watching, I was
taking thermal images of winter
clusters in observation hives with 12
combs, which are more like a regular-
sized colony. I had a Flir thermal
camera attached to my iPhone. After
a stealthy and tedious photo session
being careful not to disturb the
clusters, my fingers stung with cold.
The delicate little touch controls on
the iPhone quit responding to my
light tapping. Maybe the little phone
thinks I’m frozen–dead, I thought,
in the darkness of the bee house.
Feeling the burning in my fingers
growing, I wondered if my phone Figure 1. A pair of observation hives seen as a thermal image in my work space
might be right. in part of the bee house. The thermal camera codes different levels of warmth into
I slipped quietly out of the bee different colors. Here white is the warmest, followed by red, yellow, green, and blue is
house and tried the controls again. the coolest. The warmth from the clusters emanates from the hives. Note the pieces
Nothing. I could not even take a of duct tape that hold the glass on the hive. A circular lamp is over the closer hive.
(L) Figure 3. The winter cluster seen as a thermal image. The bees appear as slices of warmth. (R) Figure 4. The winter cluster in
close up. Unless there are holes in the combs, the cluster becomes partitioned into slices of bees divided by combs. It is far too cold
for a typical bee to walk around the cold edge of the comb and join the neighboring bees.
top-bar hives there to see about insulating panels around them on In the past, listening to strangely
the feasibility of insulating top-bar the top and sides. For the other buzzing colonies in the cold was
hives for the winter. Two of the two hives with wooden floors, I left about the extent of my inquiry into
hives had screened floors (enclosed them as not insulated. Apparently, this unusual behavior. Now if one
at the bottom for sticky boards). the different hive situations did considers the cluster of Figure 5 as
The other two hives had regular not matter because all four winter a reference colony, it suggested the
wooden floors. clusters were buzzing restlessly. outer layers of the other four winter
For the two hives with screen They were not as loud, but of course clusters in the apiary were not only
floors, I located their winter clusters the hive body and insulating panels active (the buzzing), they could be
with a thermal camera. I positioned absorbed some of the sound. disorganized to a similar degree.
Q ue e ns av ai lab le Ap r i l t hr oug h O c t ob e r
F or i nf or m at i on, p r i c i ng or or de r i ng
c all E r i c ( 5 3 0 ) 2 2 8 -3 1 9 7
A
s my sons Eric and Ian take over the beekeep- progress of my attempt to demonstrate an eco-
ing operation in which they grew up, I look back nomically and practical breeding program.
over the challenges and changes in beekeeping 3. And finally, for mite management during the tran-
over the course of their lives. The invasions of tracheal sition to naturally-resistant stock, to find a sustain-
mite, varroa, the Small Hive Beetle, and Nosema cera- able and safe varroa control product for use during
nae—each with devastating consequences. A changing the heat of summer—one that doesn’t contaminate
climate, with shorter winters and longer droughts. A the honey or the combs. For this I’m focusing upon
shift from focusing upon honey production to almond obtaining registration of the extended-release ap-
pollination income. The change from moving my hives plication method for oxalic acid in glycerin.
to idyllic summertime pastures of weedy, long-bloom-
ing alfalfa, to supplemental feeding of pollen subs and I’m happy to report that I feel that I’m now on track
sugar syrup. And most importantly, being a witness towards achieving all the above goals1—and it feels
to, and participant in, the rapidly-occurring coevolu- pretty good! So let’s return to see what we can learn
tion between our bees, the varroa mite, its associated from my varroa model.
viruses, and beekeeping practices.
The stopgap measure for varroa management relied STILL A WORK IN PROGRESS
upon by most professional beekeepers—regular appli- When an artist completes a masterpiece, no one
cations of effective synthetic miticides—does not appear would think to add another brushstroke. This is not the
to be sustainable. On the other hand, there are more and case for my mite model! I’m under no illusion that it is
more reports of bees naturally evolving some degree of a “done thing”—I’ve already uploaded several revised
resistance to the mite. Some time ago, I consulted my versions since first posting it.2
crystal ball for a peek into the future, and decided that Most beekeepers using the model need not go be-
I needed to focus upon three goals: yond simply choosing an appropriate “Colony” type,
entering a mite number to reflect their observed alcohol
1. To better understand varroa, its population dy- wash counts, and then seeing the effects of applying
namics, and the biological ways by which bees de- treatments. Other, more motivated beekeepers, will, I
velop resistance to the mite. This led me to create hope, send me spreadsheets with observed in-hive val-
the mite model which this article is about. ues for frames of bees, amount of brood, and percent
2. To get serious about figuring out how to selec- drone brood over the course of the year for their specific
tively breed for mite-resistant bees. To this end I ecoregion—which would then allow us to customize
will continue my Walking the Walk reports on my the model for beekeeping anywhere in the world.
Figure 3. Two identical simulations for a colony started from a nuc in April—changing only the amount of mite immigration. The
1200 mite figure is high, but unfortunately quite realistic if one’s apiary is surrounded by apiaries suffering from late-season colony
losses due to lack of mite management.10
F rom:__
Return to: American Bee Journal G i f t C ar d
w i ll b e
51 S. 2nd St.
s e nt i n
H amilton, I L 6 2341 USA
your
Ph. 1-888-922-1293
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An sw e rs t o l a st m on t h ’ s crossw ord p u z z l e .
The Nectar Navigator was created by Louise Lynch, PhD. You can download a free student &
teacher lesson packet from beeslouise.com, click on lesson plans, then scroll to the one on honey
bee communication. The student packet contains a printable version of the nectar navigator.
B E E H I V E T H E R M AL
IN D U S T R IE S
O A I I A IO
O A OA I
A O A
www.beehivethermalindustries.com
803 50 313
lynn beehivethermalindustries.com
Genetic relationships within a honey bee colony. Numbers are percentage of genes held in common by descent. Situations are given
for a monandrous colony (queen mated to one male) on the left and polyandrous colony (queen mated to multiple males) on right.
Each situation is simplified for this drawing; in nature, it is rare for a queen to mate with only one male or as few as two, but this does
not alter the values presented nor the concepts. Q=queen; D=drone, and W=worker. Drones colored blue or red are represented
in the queen’s spermatheca and indicate fathers of their respective blue or red patrilines and descendants. Non-colored (black and
white) drones derive entirely from the queen’s genome and have no necessary kinship with spermathecal drones. Because drones
are haploid, each possessing only one set of chromosomes, there is no chromosomal crossing-over during sperm formation as
occurs in diploid animals. Each of a drone’s sperm thus carries his entire nuclear genome; it is this “hyper-relatedness” of a drone
with his daughters that is the basis for supersisters – workers sharing the same father – possessing 75% of their genes in common.
A relationship of zero does not mean there are no genes in common, only that the relationship is no closer than that of the popula-
tion average. Anarchist workers are those that evade the colony’s normal constraints against worker egg laying and produce sons.
G
reek Christmas traditions erected in the village square and fes- Turkey has also become quite popu-
are a bit different than the tooned with lights during the twelve lar. Vegetable appetizers, vegetable
usual Christian Christmas celebratory days of Christmas. and meat pies made with wafer
celebration. Firstly, the Greek pop- Religious fasting is also responsi- thin phyllo, breads decorated with
ulation is largely Greek Orthodox ble for the evolution of many clever crosses (christopsomo), sweets
and originally, very much a sea- vegetable concoctions to substi- made with honey and nuts are all
faring nation comprised of 227 in- tute for meat. Vegetables make up typical feast foods. Many of these
habited islands and a mountainous an enormous portion of all foods dishes are made with traditional
mainland. Greeks fast meatless for consumed and the Greeks are well spices grown throughout the year
forty days in front of Christmas and versed in making the most from for the occasion like cinnamon and
start the religious holiday on the wild foraged greens (horta), and cloves or use citrus in simple sauces
Feast of the Nativity of Jesus, De- produce from the home garden. Ad- and syrups.
cember 25 and end it all on Epiph- ditionally, locally produced cheeses The one thing most indicative of
any Day, the Blessing of the Waters and other milk based products like Greek cooking is it is seasonal. You
(the baptism of Jesus as an adult) yogurt make up many unusual veg- won’t find an eggplant dish on a
on January 6. Secondly, the holiday etable pies for which the Greeks are winter menu. The Greeks are most
gift exchange is done on the 1st of famous. Barley, wheat and other adept at using what is readily avail-
January, the day honoring St. Basil grains form the basis for making able—locally grown, from their gar-
the Great, instead of December 25, bread and pasta. Bulgur, rice and dens or in the wild, rather than pur-
when most Christian households potatoes also play a significant role chasing a multitude of out of season
exchange presents. in both the day to day diet as well as ingredients (now available in major
Thirdly, even with the homogeni- in making celebratory foods. Sweets cities).
zation of cultures, the Greeks con- are served primarily on name days, The recipes below are taste-teas-
tinue the tradition of displaying a weddings and feast days with hon- ers showing the wide diversity of
small wooden boat decorated with ey playing a significant role in their Greek cooking using simple ingre-
lights at home rather than the Euro- composition. dients. The addition of honey to a
pean custom of a Christmas tree. It Ancestral feasting foods follow- dish is a means of reducing the acid-
is not uncommon for a large replica ing the forty day fast usually in- ity of the dish, as a final glaze, or the
of a three masted sailing ship to be clude spit roasted lamb and pig. basis for a soaking syrup. Enjoy!!
Domatokeftedes
ightly adapted from The Foods of Greece
Serves 4
IN G R E D IE N T S M E T H O D
1 bsp olive oil, reek, if available • Sauté the scallions and garlic briefly in a tablespoon of
3 cup minced scallions olive oil in a large frying pan. Place the mixture in a mix-
1 clove garlic, minced ing bowl or food processor, leftover oil and all.
1 cup fresh tomatoes, peeled, seed
ed, finely chopped, then drained • Wipe out and set the frying pan aside.
1 cup minced sun dried tomatoes • The object here is to emphasize the tomato flavor, so
1 cup minced Italian parsley make sure you peel, seed and drain the fresh tomatoes.
1 cup minced mint leaves Mix the tomatoes, herbs and honey with the sautéed
1 tsp honey scallions and garlic. Add 3/4 cup flour and baking pow-
1 1 tsp dried oregano der, salt and pepper. Mix well by hand or pulse once or
3 to 1 cup all purpose flour twice in the food processor to make a thick batter. Add
1 1 tsp baking powder more flour if needed to accomplish this task.
3 tsp salt
1 8 tsp pepper • In the large frying pan, add enough olive oil to deep fry
Additional reek olive oil for frying the patties. Heat until hot and fragrant. Fry a spoonful
of batter mixture until golden brown. Turn over and fry
the second side. Remove and drain on paper towels.
Taste and add additional salt and pepper to your liking.
• Finish frying up spoonfuls of batter. Keep warm. Serve
warm with shots of ouzo or a glass of Greek wine.
Skordomakarona
S
ightly adapted from The Foods of the Greek Island
Serves 4
IN G R E D IE N T S
1 cup reek olive oil
1 cup chopped onions
3 5 cloves of garlic to taste
1 tsp red pepper flakes
1 cup dry red wine
1 tsp honey
1 1 o can diced tomatoes
5 cups chicken stock
Salt and pepper to taste
1 pound of penne, iti or other hollow tube macaroni, fresh or dried
1 cup reek kefalotyri, pecorino omano or armigiano eggiano cheese
3 bsp chopped flat leafed parsley
M E T H O D
Main Course
Stuffed poultry is definitely a
Greek specialty. Pungent herbs, veg-
etables, bread and grains are all used
to flavor a wide variety of birds. This
unusual herb mixture, aspetsa, comes
from a medieval village on the Greek
Island of Chios and is slightly adapt-
ed from The Foods of the Greek Islands.
As citrus also plays a large part in
most Greek recipes, I’ve added honey
glazed orange slices as an optional
tasty garnish.
essert
ike almost all reek desserts, honey plays a ma or role in
the sweetening department. elomakarona photo above is a
traditional reek olive oil hristmas oney ookie stuffed with
a walnut filling soaked in citrusy honey syrup and then rolled
in crushed walnuts. It has the added advantage of improving
with age and many reeks make them several weeks ahead of
hristmas.
• Using an electric mixer or food processor beat the oil, sugar, brandy, orange
juice and zests together until well blended.
• In a separate bowl, mix flours, baking powder and spices; add to oil mixture.
Beat or pulse together until the dough gathers up into a ball. It should be
smooth, soft, silky-looking and oily, but not sticky. To test: Pull a piece from
the dough. Roll and flatten it in the palm of your hand. If it is workable and
looks smooth, you are done. If it is too sticky, place on a lightly floured sur-
face and knead in additional flour until it is smooth and pliable.
• Cover dough with plastic wrap; rest for 20 minutes at room temperature. Greek Christmas
This allows the gluten in the flour to relax and makes it easier to shape.
Religion is such a major fac-
• Preheat oven to 350°F.
tor in Greek cooking with twelve
• Prepare filling by finely grinding the spices with the walnuts in a small food major feast days, including the
processor. Set aside. three I’ve mentioned here, which
next to Easter, are the most im-
• Make the syrup by simmering together sugar, honey, water and citrus peels portant to the average Greek.
for 10 minutes. Set aside. The regional cooking from island
to island to mainland reflect the
• Divide dough into 4 equal pieces by weight. Cover 2 sections with plastic diversity of necessity faced with
wrap. a limited amount of available
ingredient choices for the home
• Divide the other two dough sections into 10 equal balls per section about golf cook in order to follow the reli-
ball size. gious dictates of meatless fasting
and meat-full feasting. Hopefully,
• Flatten each ball into an oval about 2 1/2” long, three fingers wide. Indent this small sampling of taste-teas-
the center with your thumb the long way. ers will further encourage you to
explore the immense creativity of
• Drop a scant 1 tsp of the walnut-spice filling into the indent. Gather up the Greek Cooking! Happy feasting!
sides and pinch together. Turn over; flatten slightly and shape into oblong
ovals. REFERENCES
St. Paul’s Greek Orthodox Church. The
• Place the first 20 cookies seam side down on an ungreased cookie sheet. Bake Art of Greek Cookery. Garden City,
for 30 minutes until lightly browned. NY:Doubleday & Co. 1963.
Kremezi, Aglaia. The Foods of Greece. New
• While the first batch is cooking, shape the second half of your dough. Hold York, NY: Stewart, Tabouri & Chang, Inc.
1993.
until the first batch comes out of the oven. Then bake the second batch. Re- Kremezi, Aglaia. The Foods of the Greek Is-
serve any leftover walnut-spice mixture. lands. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt. 2015.
• Remove the first batch of cookies from the baking pan and place in a 2” high
rectangular baking dish filled with half the warm honey syrup mixture. Soak www.whychristmas.com
the cookies for 15 minutes; turn over and soak an additional 15 minutes.
www.edtech2.boisestate.edu
• Remove cookies from syrup; shake off excess and then roll the topside in the www.mygreekdish.com
reserved walnut-spice mixture. Place finished cookies in an airtight container
or gift tin with each layer divided by parchment or wax paper. www.lemonandolives.com
• Repeat with your second batch of cookies adding the rest of the honey syrup www.mapleleaffarms.com/Chef Dale Miller
to your soaking pan. As before, drain and sprinkle with reserved walnut-
spice mix.
• Refrain from eating for at least 24 hours. These cookies improve as they age.
They can be held for up to 30 days. 1230 - 40th St. NW
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AL L ORDERS
SH I PPED ASAP
SS S e ri e . er r er i er i . i i , e er i ree re , e i i i r . er i e e e e r e h
r . e hi e. B i i e ii . i i e i hi h re e re re e he BJ he r r e he er i er. re e re
i e er i e i e i hi he re i i i er i er , he i her r ee er i e e . r er e he h he e h re e i er
date. Send typed copy to : Advertising Dept., American Bee Journal, 51 S. 2nd St., Hamilton, IL 62341 or FAX to 217-847-3660 or e-mail to: abjads@dadant.com.
Missouri Joins the National Honey Bee Dis- Improve Queen Quality – 657 Bees—Pipedream or Plausible?, The
ease Survey – 1295 Surveying and Reporting Bee Losses – 167 – 53; Part 5—Striking a Deal with Var-
Music and Honey Bees—an Unlikely Alli- Syrup Mixing System for Backyard Bee- roa – 147; Part 6a—Bee Breeding for
ance – 791 keepers, A – 853 Dummies – 265, Part 6b—Small-scale
My Advice for Hiving Bees – 427 Breeding – 375; Part 7—Walking the
T Walk – 509; ; Part 8 – Regulatory Cas-
N Taxes for Beekeepers in 2017 – 1287 cades, Varroa Tolerance, and a Moon
Natural Beekeeping and Ideal Hives—Dr. Test of Using CO2 for Bee-friendly Mite Shot – 613; Part 9—Knowing Thine En-
Tom Seeley Interview – 739 Monitoring, A – 411 emy – 835; Part 10—Smokin’- hot Mite
New Jersey’s Rick Hoglen Strives for Certi- There’s a New Buzz in D.C. Thanks to Mrs. Washin’ – 949; Part 11—The Math of the
fied Natural Beekeeping – 673 Pence – 1275 Mite – 1071; Part 12—Building a Model
New Look at Splits, A – 307 Treasurers Are Key to the Reputation of any – 1217; Part 13—Using the Mite Model
Newsnotes – 13, 125, 227, 347, 473, 585, Organization – 1111 - 1303
701, 813, 921, 1027, 1143, 1263 Two Safety Nets for Beekeepers—ELAP
North Carolina Beekeepers Win Interna- Program and Crop Insurance – 435 W
tional Black Jar Honey Contest – 561 WWelcome Kirsten Traynor, our New Edi-
Notes from the Lab: The Latest Bee Science U tor – 1021
Distilled – 1283 U.S. Honey Crops and Markets – 25, 137, What Makes a Good Bee Club Leader –
239, 357, 487, 593, 709, 827, 935, 1039, 1213
O 1169 When Is a Colony Worth Saving? Beekeep-
Other Side of Beekeeping, The – 99, 201, 676 U.S. Honey Production Up 3 Percent to Op- ing Finance – 645
erations with Five or More Colonies in Where Does Your Bee Club Want to Go, and
P 2016 - 485 How Are You Getting There? – 787
Package Bee Installation – 311 Why Do Honey Bees Like Dirty Water? –
Pesticide Policy Proposal for Pollinators – V 315
173 Varroa Problem—Part 4—Mite-resistant Why Newly Mated Queens Get Lost – 985
Points of Debate: Exploring Pollinator Mis-
conceptions – 537
Q
Queens Rule! Growing Canada’s Queen
Breeding Industry: Results from the
2016-2017 Queen Breeder Survey – 893
R
Requeening Hot Hives – 873
Requeening: Why, When & How – 765
Rescuing Bees Is a Great Business – 747
S
Search of the Best Swarm Lure, In – 381
Sensory Analysis of Honey - 75
Soil Conservation and Honey Bees Circa
1948 – 1001
So You Want to Sell at the Farm Market? –
405
Stimulative Feeding vs. Maintenance Feed-
ing of Honey Bees—Facts and Thoughts
– 969
Strategies for Small-scale Queen Breeders to