Department of Mathematics, Bennett University

Engineering Calculus (EMAT101L)

Solutions for Tutorial Sheet 3

1. (a) Consider the sequence of partial sums {Sn }. Then

n n n  
X 4 X 4 X 1 1
Sn = 2 + 3k + 2
= = 4 −
k=1
k k=1
(k + 1)(k + 2) k=1
k+1 k+2
 
1 1
=4 − → 2.
2 n+2
∞
P 4
Thus the series converges and it converges to 2.
n=1 n2
+ 3n + 2
(b) Consider the sequence of partial sums {Sn }. Then
n    
2 1 1 2 1 1 1
X
2 2 2 2
Sn = sin − sin = sin 1 + sin − sin − sin
k=1
n n+2 2 n+1 n+2

1
→ sin2 1 + sin2 .
2
∞
sin2 1
− sin2 n+2
1
converges and it converges to sin2 1 +
P

Thus the series n
n=1
sin2 21 .
1
2. (a) lim 5 n = 1 6= 0.
n→∞
(b) lim an = ex 6= 0.
n→∞
∞
P
(c) Let {Sn } be the sequence of partial sum of the series an . Then Sn =
n=1
log(n + 1) → ∞ as n → ∞ and hence diverges.
(d) Let
n
Sn = a + (a + b) + (a + 2b) + · · · + a + (n − 1)b = (a + (n − 1)b), n ∈ N.
2
∞
P
Here lim Sn = ∞, thus the series (a + (n − 1)b) is divergent.
n→∞ n=1
(e) If 0 ≤ an ≤ 1 (n ≥ 1) and 0 ≤ x < 1, then |an xn | ≤ |x|n for all n. Now use
comparison test.
log n 1
3. (a) Take an = 3/2
and b n = α
where 1 < α < 23 . By limit comparison test series
n n
converges. (one
P can also use Cauchy condensation test i.e find the behaviour
of the series 2n a2n .)

1
 1
(b) Take bn = . By limit comparison test series diverges.
n
1
(c) Take bn = 2 . By limit comparison test series converges.
n
(d) Converges, |an | ≤ 2πn , use comparison test.
1
(e) Converges, |an | ≤ n3/2
.
√
n 2
4. (a) Take an = n . Then lim | an+1
an
| = 12 < 1. Hence series converges.
2 n→∞
n!
(b) Take an = n . Then lim | an+1 | = ∞ > 1. Hence series diverges.
10 n→∞ an
n!
(c) Take an = . Then lim | an+1 | = 0 < 1. Hence series converges.
(2n + 1)! n→∞ an

5. (a) Conditionally convergent.

1
(b) Absolutely convergent, as |an | ≤ n2
.
(c) Conditionally convergent.

6. (a) Let an = (n + 1 + 2n )xn . Then lim | an+1

an
| = 2|x| and series converges for
n→∞
|x| < 21 .
(b) lim | an+1
an
| = |x|
e
, series converges if |x| < e.
n→∞

n
|x − 1| = |x−1| |x−1|
p n
(c) lim n |an | = lim n+1 e
, series converges if e
< 1.
n→∞ n→∞

∞
P ∞
P
7. By comparison test, |an | is convergent (i.e, an is absolutely convergent ) if
n=1 n=1
∞
P ∞
P
|bn | is convergent , (i.e, bn is absolutely convergent) and so (c) is true. Again,
n=1 n=1
∞ ∞ 1
1 1
P P
we know that n2
convergent and is not convergent. Also, since { } is
n
n=1 n=1 n
1
a decreasing sequence of positive real numbers with → 0, by Leibniz’s test,
∞
n
1 1
(−1)n is convergent. Hence to see that (a) is false, we can take an = , bn =
P
n=1 n n
1 1
(−1)n for all n ∈ N and to see that (b) and (d) are false, we can take an = 2 , bn =
n n
1
for all n ∈ N.
n