PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH

GRADE 12

THREE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

a) Health-related physical fitness (HRPF) consists of specific components that have a relationship with good
health, or a lower risk of illness.
HRPF includes body composition, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility, muscular
endurance and muscle strength
b) Skill-related physical fitness (SRPF) pertains to components related with learning motor skills quickly and
ability to achieve high level of performance in sports.
SRPF includes agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time and speed
c) Physiological Fitness relates to biological systems that are influenced by one’s level of habitual physical
activity
Physiological Fitness includes Metabolic Fitness (MetF), Morphological Fitness (MorF)
and bone integrity (BI)

Note: Relate the importance of dance in the improvement of the three components of fitness.

DANCE AS AN ART
Dance is a rhythmic and expressive movement of the body in successive movement usually accompanied by
music. It has been said to be the mother of the arts, for it’s the oldest of the art which actually reflects man’s
age old need to communicate different emotions such as joy, grief, excitement and others. Dance simply
started as man’s own life for almost all occasions, in whatever aspects, as birth, death, healing of the sick,
asking for forgiveness, war, marriage – were celebrated by dancing. There are dances that express
thankfulness for a good harvest, in celebration of religious festivities, or just a mere pleasurable expression of
the body. It uniquely intensifies different moods and emotions that somehow deepen everybody’s feelings.

REASONS WHY DO PEOPLE DANCE

(a) It has been used in worship.
(b) It plays a role in courtship.
(c) It serves as a form of acquaintance for a man and woman.
(d) It is an expression of the joy one feels.
(e) As in old times, it brings magical power s to people.
(f) It brings victory or somehow restores health to life.
(g) It even breaks the monotony of the daily activities.
(h) It serves to entertain others.
(i) It gives beauty and inspiration to others.
(j) It provides personal and effectiveness of communication.

SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF THE DANCE AS A FORM

Two kinds of movement
1.Movement within the body which includes the hand and arms.
2.Movement from one space to another.

FEATURES OF DANCE
1.MUSIC – It is closely related to dance for it plays a significant role in it. It is used as accompaniment
that somehow motivates the dancer’s movement.
2.MOVEMENT – It refers to action of dances with the use of their bodies to create organized patterns.
3.THEME – It pertains to the content or main ingredient of the dance. It actually conveys the message
of the dance.
4.TECHNIQUES - It refers to the skill in executing movement. As a dancer, one needs to have a
complete control over the muscles of his body for him to be said technically proficient.
5.DESIGN – It refers to the arrangement of movements according to pattern in time (either fast or slow)
and space (one’s position in relation to his background).
6.PROPERTIES AND COSTUME – These contribute to the visual effect of dance. The costumes can
somehow relate closely to the beliefs and environment of people.

KINDS OF DANCE
1. ETHNOLOGIC DANCE – This dance is indigenous to a certain race or country. The term “ethnic” is
used to distinguish religious dances, and designed as hymns of praise to a god, or to bring on good fortune in
peace and war. They are symbolic in meaning that cannot be understood easily by persons who do not belong
to the ethnic group.
 2. SOCIAL DANCE – These are popular type of dancing for pleasure as generally performed by pairs
or group of people following a definite step or pattern. Most of these have specific rhythms and coordinated
with the movement and steps of the body, hand, foot and head.
a. BALLROOM DANCE – It actually originated as square dance, which was followed by waltz,
tango, foxtrot, swing, etc.
b. FOLK DANCE – It usually derived from ethnic dances. People all over the world have their
own folk dances as distinct to their specific culture.

3. SPECTACULAR OR THEATRICAL DANCE – These are dances which are intended for viewing
audience. Usually, these are performed for the entertainment of spectators.
a. BALLET – It is the ultimate expression of art in dance, which originated in the royal courts
during the middle ages. The term ballet refers to series of solo and converted dances with poses and
steps combined with light flowing figures, music accompaniment and expressive scenic accessories of
a dramatic atmosphere. The movement of the dance is subject to definite discipline of the body, hands,
legs and others. Usually a ballet includes staging, scenery, costumes dancing and music; but no
singing and dialogue.
b. MODERNDANCE – It is often characterized as something natural and free. It is also been
called as expressional dance. This dance emerged as a form of a revolt against the strictness
governing the old forms of dance. It has varied styles of movements based on the new trend; therefore,
it does not stick to conventions. The major emphasis of this dance is on the expression through the
dancer’s execution.

THE ELEMENTS OF DANCE

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DANCES

Key Difference: Dance is a beautiful art in which body movements are set in accordance to the rhythm
of music. There are many different types of dances in the world, which can be primarily differentiated
based on style.

Dances hold a special place in most of the cultures and societies. There are different types of dances and
differ in many context like, place of origin, pace, types of steps, etc. However, we can still list some popular
types of dances based on their difference in styles–

Jazz Dance – This style of dance has originated from American vernacular dance.
However, the modern jazz dance shares its roots from Caribbean traditional dance. It is
done by using some energetic and rapid moves.

It includes turn like pencil turn, barrel turn, Piruette and Triplet turn. Satin clothes are
recommended during dancing in this particular style. It also gives full scope for
showcasing individual unique dancing style.

Ballet Dance – This dance requires a lot of dedication and hard work as it is not easy to
master this style of dance. Generally, an artist performs this dance on music, which
narrates a story. It is often preferred for romantic style lovers. Many of the steps in ballet
are performed on the toes and therefore pointe shoes are preferred. These shoes have a stiff sole, and with a
piece of fabric that covered it.

Ballet dance can narrate a story, express a certain mood or can be performed simply on some kind of music. It
is known for being a very graceful dance. A good amount of flexibility and body control is required to be a good
ballet dancer.

Hip Hop Dance – It is officially considered that this style originated in New York
City during late 1960s. It uses the natural instinct for movement. It is a popular
form of street dancing and known for its originality. It seems to be inspired by the
down to earth movement style from African dancing. This extremely energetic
dance has its root in hip-hop music and street jazz. Moves like Humpty dance
made it more popular. Unlike ballet, it does not keep chest in upright position and
body is not stiff. It mainly involves moves in which a particular body part is moved
in isolation. Styles like breaking, locking, and popping have become very popular.

Ballroom Dance – It is a popular type of social dancing. It emerged in

Europe and the United States initially and gradually spread in other parts of
the world. This type of dance is performed with partner. This is often
performed in closed dance positions between the couples. Waltz, swing,
salsa and tango are some popular types of this Ballroom dance.

 Walt – It follows a slow rhythm. It is also included in the

International style ballroom dance group
 Tango – It originated in Argentina. The American style of tango
gives more freedom to dancers than in comparison to Tango.
 Swing – it is often known by its movements in which a partner often
lifts the other. It is performed on a peppy beat.
 Salsa – it is performed on salsa style of music, which is basically a fusion of many Cuban styles like
son. It is performed on eight beats music, where performers dance on three beats and then pause for
one. Then repeat the same sequence of three beats movement and 1
beat pause.

Folk Dance – It is a popular dance form, which is not associated with

any particular type of style. It covers all dances, which have become
inseparable with the traditions of people from a particular region. These
dances are generally performed at social or ritual events.

These dances bring the essence of the region from which they are
associated. It is often performed for sheer enjoyment. People prefer to
wear traditional clothes while performing these dances. It generally
involves steps, which are not very difficult to learn, and often includes
repetitive moves.

Tap Dance – This dance is based on the sound created by the tap
shoe. This tap shoe is a special type of show, which consists of a plate
of metal at the heel and also a wider one across the ball of the foot into
the toe region. Some of the important steps or movements of tap dance
are Stamp, Spring, Step-heel, Ball-change, Drop, etc.

It is generally performed by using a combination of simple and complex

movements. The noise of tapping is generated in a certain way that it
becomes a rhythm.

Belly Dance – Belly dancing is supposed to have originated in the Middle

East and Africa. Then later it moved towards the west. It has emerged as a
cultural dance as well as a form for exotic entertainment.

Movements are generally localized to hip and pelvic region with focus on
abdominal movements. It is generally considered as a torso driven
dance. Movements like percussive, fluid and vibrations are common in belly
dancing. It is also recommended for its health benefits. This dance has
gained lots of popularity by performances of some superstars like Shakira.
 Break Dance – It is also known as B-boying. It is also a type of street dance,
which originated in the New York City. Performers use hip-hop or funk music for
this dance. Four important movements of B-boying are downrock, toprock,
freezes and power moves. It can also be considered as a form of hip-hop
dance.

It requires great skills of balancing and strength. This dance form is also
considered as one of the element of Hip-hop dance form.

Dances may vary in context to style, form, techniques, but still all dances are
performed for some kind of enjoyment. This art form is appreciated worldwide.
There are numerous dance forms in the world, and many of them share many
similarities with each other. The best part of a good dancing style is that it
becomes popular worldwide, and thus does not remain restricted within a
certain region.

“Filipino Folk Dances”

1. PANDANGO SA ILAW – It’s typical folk dance originated in Ilokano region. It’s a very
popular dance, which express in different versions. It is the most difficult for the female
dancers that they have to balance these oil lamps, one on her head and two on each
palm. It is a dance of grace and skill. (adjacent right image)

2. ITIK-ITIK – This fascinating dance originated from a dance called sibay. It is a

native dance interpreting the playfulness if duckling wading in the river. (adjacent
left image)

3.HABANERA SOLTERA – This dance is from Ilocos Sur. The bride to be and her
close friends at the traditional social gathering on
the eve of the wedding perform this dance. This is
bride’s farewell to the state of single blessedness.

4. SINGKIL – It’s a dance based on the Maranao epic “Bantugan”. It features a

beautiful princess dancing gracefully over clashing bamboo pole nimble
followed by a nimble prince. It is a Lanao court dance which women of royal
blood have to learn. (adjacent right image)

5. TINIKLING – It is a native dance presenting using long bamboo sticks from which the dancers hop from one
pole to another.

6. JOTABAL - is derived from the words Jota and valse. Jota is a popular dance introduced in the Philippines
by the Spaniards. Valse means waltz, a step or dance in ¾ times. The lively festival originated in Camohagum,
Gumaca, Quezon(formerly Tayabas).

7. PANDIWATA - of the Tagbanwa of Palawan which is a thanksgiving ritual and is linked with harvest time
and full-moon. A respected babaylan is endowed with an “aura of magic-religious potential”. Before an altar
laden with offerings, she dances armed with a hood, palaspas (fronds), kris or dagger, to the accompaniment
of gongs. Dancing or swaying in a swing, she goes into a trance to commune with a spirit, especially the one
called Maguindusa.

8. OBANDO - named after a town in Bulacan. Obando Dance is a dance of

rural Philippines. Attire is the native "balintawak" and "salakot" for the ladies
and "barong tagalog and "buntal" hats for the gentlemen. (image on the
upper left)

9. SAKUTING - a folk dance of the Ilocanos usually performed during

Christmas. Groups of boys and girls go to perform from house to house
receiving many gifts in return. Note the two sticks used to produce the
rhythmic sound. (Barangay Folk dance Troupe Philippine Normal College).
(image on the lower left)

10. KAPPA MALONG MALONG - Also called Sambi sa Malong, this

Maranao dance shows themany ways of wearing a malong, a simple tubular
yet highlyfunctional piece of cloth. The traditional women’s version shows
this cloth of countless colorful designs.
11. BINANOGBANOG - A dance in imitation of the hawk. Held in reverence to the bird for it not to do harm to
the community. (image on the left)

12. DUGSU - is a ceremonial dance among the Manobo people in Bukidnon, Agusan and Misamis Oriental.
(image on the middle)

13. KUMENTANG - The graceful hand movements from the wrist going clock or counter clockwise while
danding. This is a typical Characteristic movement of the hands in Philippine folk dances. (image on the right)

Prepared by:

ANDREW A. CALSO
SHS Teacher

Electronic Sources:

http://www.differencebetween.info/different-types-of-dances
https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/dance-121027005738-phpapp02.pdf
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4yeAKmdcHnbaXNMeGQyS0xQbGs/view?usp=sharing