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TYPES OF
MECHANICS
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Statics- deals with
the study of the external
effects of forces on rigid
bodies that are at rest
and remain at rest
before and after the
application of forces.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Dynamics- it is the
study of External Forces
applied on a body
inducing any motion.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Rigid Bodies
Basic requirement for the study of the
mechanics of deformable bodies and the
mechanics of fluids (advanced courses).
Essential for the design and analysis of many
types of structural members, mechanical
components, electrical devices, etc, encountered
in engineering.
A rigid body does not under load!
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
FORCES
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Magnitude-
Amount of force
Direction-
Orientation of the
Path where the force will
be imposed.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Scalar- Is a physical
quantity that can be
described by a single element
of a number field such as a
real number, of accompanied
by units of measurement.
- Is usually said to be
a physical quantity that only
has a magnitude and no other
characteristics.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Vector- A quantity that
has both magnitude and
direction.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Small contact area;
treat as a point
FR is One body
resultant of acting on
w(s) = area another
under curve,
acts at
centroid
One body
Acting on acting on
narrow area another w/o
contact
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Kinds of Loads
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Kinds of Loads:
Point Load
Loads that are concentratedly imposed at a point
on a Free Body Diagram
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Uniform Load
Series of concentrated loads with uniform
magnitude
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Varying Load
Series of concentrated loads with varying
magnitude.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Force Systems
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Parallel Forces
A set of forces having the same direction but do
not converge at a common point.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Coplanar Forces
A set of forces acting on a single plane
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Concurrent Forces
A set of forces having all its directions converge at
a common point
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Resultant Forces
Representative force of the cummulative effects
of forces
Component of a Force
Part of the Resultant force resolved at the
direction of the coordinate axes
Reaction
Reactive force developed by a body on which a
force or system of force acts
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Couple Forces
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment - Rotation of
a Force at a point or an
axis
Moment Arm-
Shortest distance of a
force from the point or axis
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
ƒ -frictional force
N -normal force
R -total surface
reaction
ф -angle of friction
μ -coefficient of friction
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
TRUSS ANALYSIS
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Truss Loading
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
1. Method of Joints
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
2. Method of Sections
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
SECTION
PROPERTIES
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Center of Gravity of Plane Areas
Centroid –
The center of mass
of a geometric
object of uniform
density. Center of
gravity of a plane
area
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Moment of Inertia of Plane Areas
Moment of otherwise known as the angular
mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid
Inertia - a quantity body is a tensor that determines
of a body’s tendency to the torque needed for a desired
resist angular angular acceleration about a
acceleration. It is the sum rotational axis.
of the products of the
mass of each particle in
the body with the square
of its distance from the
axis of rotation
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
QUESTIONS?
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
QUESTION #1
Study of External Forces
applied on a body inducing
any motion?
A.MOTION
B.DYNAMICS
C.AERODYNAMICS
D. KINETICS
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
B. DYNAMICS
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
QUESTION #2
Representative force of the
cummulative effects of
forces?
A. RESULTANT FORCE
B. REACTION
C. MAGNITUDE
D. COMPONENT FORCE
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
A. RESULTANT
FORCE
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
QUESTION #3
Basic requirement for the study
of the mechanics of
deformable bodies and the
mechanics of fluids?
A. MATTER
B. DEFORMABLE
C. FLUIDS
D. RIGID
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
D. RIGID
STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
•Branch of Engineering that deals with
the internal effects of forces on the body
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
It is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with
the behaviour of solid bodies subjected to various
types of loading
STRESS AND
STRAIN
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Stress
•It is the unit strength of
element, is the applied
force or system of forces
that tends to deform a
body
•The stress applied to a
material is the force per
unit area applied to the
material
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Strain - It is the unit
deformation of a
material subjected to
an applied load
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Stress Trajectories -Lines depicting the
direction but not the magnitude of the principal
stress of the beam
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Strain Gauge -Also called as extensometer
instrument to measure a minute deformation
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Ultimate Strength-
The maximum ordinate in
the stress-strain diagram is
the ultimate strength or
tensile strength.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Rupture Strength-
Rupture strength is the
strength of the material at
rupture. This is also known
as the breaking strength.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Elastic and Plastic
Ranges - The region in
stress-strain diagram from
O to P is called the elastic
range. The region from P to
R is called the plastic
range
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Modulus of
Resilience - is the
work done on a unit volume
of material as the force is
gradually increased from O
to P, in Nm/m3. This may be
calculated as the area under
the stress-strain curve from
the origin O to up to the
elastic limit E (the shaded
area in the figure). The
resilience of the material is its
ability to absorb energy
without creating a permanent
distortion.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Modulus of
Toughness - Modulus
of toughness is the work
done on a unit volume of
material as the force is
gradually increased from
O to R, in Nm/m3. This may
be calculated as the area
under the entire stress-
strain curve (from O to R).
The toughness of a
material is its ability to
absorb energy without
causing it to break.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Elasticity - Property that enables deformity upon the
force applied and recovers after removing such force
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Ductility - Property that enables the material to
deform under tensile load
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Malleability - The ability to deform under
compressive strength
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Toughness - The ability to absorb energy
before rupturing
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Modulus of Elasticity or Young’s Modulus
- It is the ratio between the unit stress and unit
deformation caused by stress
- Derived by Hooke’s law
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Shear Modulus of Elasticity - Also called
Modulus of Rigidity, Modulus of Torsion.
The ratio between shearing stress and the
shearing strain.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Poisson’s Ratio - IIs the ratio of the transverse
contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in the
direction of stretching force.
s the ratio of the transverse contraction strain to
longitudinal extension strain in the direction of stretching
force.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Strain Rate Effect - The behavior of increased
rate of load application can cause in normally
ductile material.
- Is the change in strain (deformation) of a material
with respect to time.
force.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Properties
Creep - Gradual permanent deformation
produced by continuous application of loads
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Material Failure
Stress Relaxation - The time-dependent
decrease in strength capacity in a constrained
material
TYPES OF
INTERNAL FORCES
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Axial Loads
Axial Forces - Forces
done along the
longitudinal axis or the
length of the material
Tension- Act of
stretching or state of
pulling apart
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Shear Loads
Shear Force - Forces
done perpendicular the
longitudinal axis or the
length of the material
QUESTIONS?
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
QUESTION #1
The capacity of the material to
absorb energy without danger of
being permanently deformed?
A. TEMPERATURE EFFECT
B. STRAIN RATE EFFECT
C. MODULUS OF RESISTANCE
D. MODULUS OF RESILIENCE
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
D. MODULUS
OF RESILIENCE
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
QUESTION #2
It is the stress caused by a pair of
opposing forces that acts along
parallel lines through the material?
A. COMPRESSIVE
B. ELONGATION
C. SHEAR
D. TENSILE
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
C. SHEAR
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
QUESTION #3
Gradual permanent deformation
produced by continuous
application of loads?
A. CREEP
B. PERMANENT SET
C. FATIGUE
D. STRESS RELAXATION
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
A. CREEP