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STRATEGIES/HEURISTICS
PROBLEM SOLVING
Refers to mental process that people go through
to discover, analyze, and solve problems.
A P B
DPQ : ABCD
=
Q 3:8
D C
Find the value of (x + y) if
x+y=2
POLYA’S PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY
One of the foremost recent mathematicians to make a study of
problem solving was George Polya (1887–1985). He was born in Hungary
and moved to the United States in 1940.
a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ?
b. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ?
INDUCTIVE REASONING
The type of reasoning that forms a conclusion
based on the examination of specific examples is
called inductive reasoning. The conclusion formed by
using inductive reasoning is a conjecture, since it
may or may not be correct.
Use inductive reasoning
to predict the next number
in each of the following
lists.
a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
b. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21
What number always
divides the sum of three
consecutive numbers?
a. Let x = 0. Then | 0| = 0.
Thus “for all numbers x, |x| > 0” is a false statement.
b. For x = 1 we have 12 = 1. Thus “for all numbers x, x2 > x” is a
false statement.
c. Consider x = –3. Thus “for all numbers x, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙” is a false
statement.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Deductive reasoning is distinguished from
inductive reasoning in that it is the process of
reaching a conclusion by applying general principles
and procedures.
Use deductive reasoning to show that the
following procedure produces a number that is
four times the original number.
2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work, is not the
editor.
3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time.
a. Let x = 0. Then | 0| = 0.
Thus “for all numbers x, |x| > 0” is a false statement.
b. For x = 1 we have 12 = 1. Thus “for all numbers x, x2 > x” is a
false statement.
c. Consider x = –3. Thus “for all numbers x, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙” is a false
statement.
14. Use deductive reasoning to show that
the following procedure produces a number
that is four times the original number.
Brianna – Treasurer
Ryan – Secretary
Tyler – President
Ashley – Vice President