Section 0.

2
Water Treatment Process

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
1. Properties of natural water

Surface water

Ground water

Pics obtained from Internet

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
1. Properties of natural water

Impurity: grit, bacteria, humics, salts, etc.

Unacceptable for domestic or industrial use

Treatment
River water
Meet water quality standards
(sample)
清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
2. Water quality standards （in China）

Drinking water
• “Standards for drinking water quality” (GB 5749-2006): 106 items
Industrial water
• Classified according to different use:
Industrial process, boiler, washing, cooling, etc.
• Water quality requirements differ in industries:
“Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water treatment” (GB 50050-2007)
“Water quality for industrial boilers” (GB 1576-2001)
……

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
 3. Drinking water treatment process
Uncontaminated surface water as the source:

Coagulant Disinfectant
Water
Influent Coagulation Sedimentation Filtration Disinfection supply
network
Clarification residual particles intercepted

To remove suspended solids, colloids and pathogenic microorganisms to meet the

turbidity and microbial quality standards.
• Total coliforms, heat-resistant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli should not be
detected in 100 mL water sample.
• The total bacteria < 100 CFU/mL
清华大学环境学院
• Turbidity < 1 NTU
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
3. Drinking water treatment process
Uncontaminated surface water as the source:

Beijing No. 9 waterworks

Water supply
Influent Clarification Filtration Disinfection
network
清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
3. Drinking water treatment process
Uncontaminated ground water (without specific pollutants) as the source:

The main objective: pathogenic microorganisms

Chlorine
Water supply
Well water Clean-water tank
network

To meet the water standards of microbial quality.

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
 3. Drinking water treatment process
Treatment process for micro-polluted source water
pretreatment
Pretreatment

Biological

Powdered Polluted source water (organics, ammonia, etc.)

activated
carbon Conventional treatment
(PAC)
Oxidant Coagulant Disinfectant
Water
Source Clean-water
Coagulation Sedimentation Filtration supply
water tank
network
Disinfector
•Additional pretreatment
Advanced Activated
•Enhanced conventional treatment treatment carbon
•Advanced treatment
清华大学环境学院
Ozone
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
3. Drinking water treatment process
Treatment processes for specific source water:
 For high turbidity water:
Pre-sedimentation
 For ground water with iron and manganese:
Remove iron and manganese
 For ground water with high hardness:
Softening
 For water from eutrophication lakes:
Enhanced removal of algae
清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
4. Industrial water treatment process
Softening & desalination

Filtration Cation Anion Desalinated

⇒ ⇒ ⇒
permeate exchange exchange water

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
5. Hot research topics

• Removal of trace organics

• Effective control of pathogenic microorganisms
• Control of disinfection by-products
• Improvement of biological stability
• ……

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology