NEET JEE 2019

Hydrogen
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 Hydrogen
HYDROGEN
Third most abundant on the surface of globe

Considered as future source of energy

By arvind Arora

The most abundant element in the universe.

CHEMISTR
Y
Before 17th Century
HYDROGEN
water was considered as an element
1766

Water is made by burning Hydrogen

ByWhich
arvind Arorathe idea of water
discarded
considered as element

CHEMISTR
Henry Cavendish Y
 In year 1783
HYDROGEN
Discovered that Water is compound made of

Oxygen and Hydrogen

In Greek
Hydro - gen

By arvind Arora
Water Producer

Antoine Lavoisier
CHEMISTR
As it produces water on burning with oxygen.
Y
Through out Periodic Table If u search for an element without Neutron
HYDROGEN
• Hydrogen is the only element Where in neutron is absent

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 HYDROGEN + Hydrogen cation
(Proton)

-
Ac e
ce ate
pt n
e- Do
Hydrogen anion By arvind Arora
(Hydride)

CHEMISTR
Hydrogen Y
 Since Hydrogen resembles both alkali metals and the
HYDROGEN
halogens So we say H resembles both group 1 & group 17
Where to place Hydrogen in Periodic table ?

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
Placed separately in the periodic
HYDROGEN

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Resemblance of H with alkali metals
Let’s study
HYDROGEN
1. Electronic configuration H,Li, Na their outermost electronic
configuration is same
1
1
H – 1s
2 1
3
Li – 1s 2s
2 2 6 1
11
Na – 1s 2s 2p 3s

2. Electropositive character By arvind Arora

Tendency to loose e- and gain a positive charge
Na Na+ + 1e– Alkali metals for e.g. sodium loses 1e- & forms sodium ion, Like

H H+ + 1e–
CHEMISTR
alkali metals, H also loose 1 e- and gains a +ve charge. So there is
similarity in electropositive character of H and alkali metals.
Y
 3. Oxidation state
HYDROGEN
As we know NaCl dissociates to give Na+ and Cl-
Charge on Na is +1
Na+Cl-, K+Br-, H+Cl-, Charge on K is +1

Charge on H is +1
By arvind Arora
Oxidation state of H is same as that of K, Na… i.e. alkali metals

CHEMISTR
Y
 4. Combination with electronegative elements
HYDROGEN
Alkali metals like Na, K reacts with O to form oxides

H also reacts with O to form H2O

O

O By arvind Arora Electronegative element

Na Na
O O
K K CHEMISTR
H
Y H
4. Combination with electronegative elements
HYDROGEN Cl
Alkali metals like Na, K reacts with
halogen to form halides
Electronegative element
H also reacts with halogens to form
hydrogen halide

By arvind Arora
Na Cl

H Cl CHEMISTR
K Y Cl
4. Combination with electronegative elements
HYDROGEN
Alkali metals like Na, K reacts with S to form sulphides
H also reacts with S to form hydrogen sulphide

S
S
Na NaBy arvind Arora Electronegative element
S S
K K H H
CHEMISTR
Y
 Resemblance of H with alkali metals

5. Liberation at cathode
HYDROGEN

If we carry out the electrolysis of the NaCl(aq ) Then sodium is liberated at

cathode & chlorine is Liberated at anode

2NaCl(aq) 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) + -

ByAno
arvind Arora Cath
de ode
Sodium
Chlorine
CHEMISTR
gas aq. Sodium chloride
Y
 5. Liberation at cathode
HYDROGEN
Similarly electrolysis of HCl aqueous Solution is Carried out

Cathode Anode
2HCl(aq) H2(g) + Cl2(g)
+
-
ByAno
arvind Arora Cath
de ode
Hydrogen
Chlorine
gas aq. Sodium chloride
CHEMISTR
Y
 Differences of H with alkali metals
1.Electropositivity HYDROGEN
H is less electropositive than alkali metals
2. Nature of oxides
H2O: Neutral Oxide of H is neutral

Li2O, Na2O, K2O: Basic Where as oxide of alkali metals is Basic

By arvind Arora
3. Nature of compounds
HF, HCl, HBr, HI : Low boiling covalent
compounds
CHEMISTR
LiF, NaCl, KBr, CsI : High melting ionic
solids Y
4. Size of ions
HYDROGEN

H+ ions
< alkali metal
cations

By arvind Arora
Size of H- ions is much smaller than

CHEMISTR
Y
 Resemblance with halogens
1. Electronic configuration: HYDROGEN
If we compare E.C. of F and Ne, In last
2 2 6 shell difference of electron is 1
F – 1s 2
2s 2
2p 5
, 10
Ne – 1s 2s 2p
9
1 He – 1s2
1
H – 1s , 2 Similarly the difference between H
and He is 1
2. Electronegative character
Cl + 1e– Cl–
By arvind Arora
H + 1e– H–
3. Oxidation state
Na+1Cl-1 Na+1H-1 CHEMISTR
Y
 Resemblance with halogens
4. Ionization enthalpy: HYDROGEN
Element Ionization enthalpy(kJ/mol)
Li 520
F Since the ionization enthalpy of
1680
‘H’ is close to ‘F’
H 1312
5. Liberation at anode ∴ H behaves like F according to
ionization enthalpy.
Anode
By arvind Arora
Cathode
NaCl(aq) Cl2(g)
+ 2Na
(s)
2NaH(aq) H2(g) + 2Na(s)
6. Atomicity and non-metallic character
Diatomic and typical non-metals.
CHEMISTR
Y
7. Formation of similar types of compounds
HYDROGEN
halogen reacts with many element to give halides similarly Hydrogen reacts
with different elements to give Hydrides
i. Halides: CCl4, SiCl4, NCl3
ii. Hydrides: CH4, SiH4, NH3
8. Combination with metals
By arvind Arora
Hydrogen reacts with alkali and alkaline earth metals we get Metal hydride

With alkali metals: NaH, NaCl

With alkaline earth metals:CHEMISTR
CaH2, CaCl2
Y
 Differences with halogens
HYDROGEN
1.Electronegativity
H has less electronegativity than halogens H Cl
2. Nature of oxides
H2O: Neutral Oxide of H is neutral and where as
Oxide of Cl is Acidic.
Cl2O7: Acidic
By arvind Arora
3. Absence of unshared pair of electrons
Hydrogen atom does not have any unshared
pair of electrons.
CHEMISTR
Each halogen atom has 3 unshared pair of electrons.
Y
 Differences with halogens
HYDROGEN
4. Size of ions

H- ions
< halide ions

By arvind Arora

Size of H- ions is much smaller than halide ions.

CHEMISTR
Y
 Isotopes of hydrogen
HYDROGEN
• There are 3 isotopes of
hydrogen
1 Protium

2 Deuterium
By arvind Arora
3 Tritium

CHEMISTR
Y
Comparison of the nucleus
HYDROGEN

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Comparison of Isotopes of hydrogen
HYDROGEN
sr.
Property Protium Deuterium Tritium
no.

1. Relative 99.985% 0.015% 10–15 %

abudance

Relative
By arvind Arora
1.007825 2.014102 3.016049
2.
atomic mass

Radioactive Non Non Radioactive

3. stability radioactiveCHEMISTR
radioactive (t1/2 = 12.334)

Y
 Laboratory preparation of dihydrogen
1)
HYDROGEN
Reaction of acids with metals

Eg : Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO + H2
By arvind
4 Arora

Salt
• Acids can be dil HCl, dil H2SO4 etc
Metals dil.acid
CHEMISTR
• Metals which are more electropositive than hydrogen such as zinc, iron,
magnesium etc Y
 Laboratory preparation of dihydrogen
HYDROGEN
2) Reaction of Base with Metal

Eg : Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2
Sodium Zincate

2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O

By arvind Arora
2KAlO + 3H
2 2

Potassium aluminium oxide

Also called as Uyeno’s method

CHEMISTR
Y
 Commercial production of dihydrogen
HYDROGEN
1) Electrolysis of water
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42–
H 2O H+ + OH–
At cathode At anode

2H+ + 2e– H2 4OH– 4OH + 4e-

4OH 2H2O + O2
By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
2) Preparation of highly pure dihydrogen (>99.95%)
Can be obtained by
HYDROGEN
electrolysing
between nickel electrodes.

By arvind Arora
warm aqueous
barium hydroxide
solution
CHEMISTR
Y
 3) Bosch process
HYDROGEN
Fe O + Cr2O3
2 3
CO(g) + H2(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g)
773K
Water gas Steam

This water gas is mixed with twice the volume of steam and the
mixture is passed over (Fe2O3) & (Cr2O3)
CO gets oxidized to CO2 By arvind Arora
▪ How to separate these two gases ?

Carbon dioxide is removed by dissolving it in water under

pressure(20 - 25 atm) and hydrogen left behind is collected
CHEMISTR
Y
 4) Electrolysis of brine solution(aq NaCl)
+ -
HYDROGEN Brine is a solution of salt in water

Anode Cathode

By arvind Arora
Hydrogen
Chlorine gas
gas Aqueous
Sodium
CHEMISTR
chloride
Y
 Cell Reactions
Dissociation: HYDROGEN
2NaCl(aq) 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl– (aq)
2H2O(l) 2H+(aq) + 2OH– (aq)
At anode:
2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e–
At cathode:
2H2O(l) + 2e– H2(g) By arvind
+ 2OH – Arora
(aq)

The overall reaction is:

2Na+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Cl2(g) + H2(g) + 2Na+ (aq)CHEMISTR
+ 2OH–(aq)
Y
 5) By oxidation of hydrocarbons
HYDROGEN
• Reaction of steam on hydrocarbons at high temperatures in the presence
of catalyst yields hydrogen.

Ni, 1270 K
CnH2n+2 + nH2O nCO + (2n+1)H2

By arvind
Ni, 1270 K Arora
Eg : CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)
(water gas/syngas)

CHEMISTR
Y
 6) From steam(Lane’s process)
HYDROGEN
Superheated steam is passed over iron fillings heated to 1023-1073K

1025 – 1270 K
3Fe + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4 + 4H2

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Physical properties of dihydrogen
HYDROGEN
• Colourless
• Odourless
• Tasteless
• Combustible
• Insoluble in water
By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Chemical properties
1) Reaction with halogensHYDROGEN
Forms hydrogen halides.
General reaction
H2(g) + X2(g) 2HX(g) (X = F, Cl, Br,
Reaction with fluorine occurs evenI) in the
dark,
By
Reaction with iodine requires arvind Arora
a catalyst
2) Reaction with dioxygen

2H2(g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(l) Highly exothermic

CHEMISTR
Y
3) Reaction with dinitrogen
HYDROGEN
673K Fe
3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)
200atm

Produces ammonia

This process is called Haber’s process.

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
4) Reaction with metals
HYDROGEN
Hydrogen combines with many metals at high temperatures to yield the
corresponding hydrides

2Na + H2 2NaH (sodium hydride)

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
5) Reactions with metal oxides
HYDROGEN
• Acts as a reducing agent
• Reduces oxides of metals less active than iron to the corresponding
metals
• Examples are oxides of copper, zinc, lead
and iron.
yH2(g) + MxOy(s) By
xM arvind
+ yH OArora
(s) 2 (l)

2H2 + Al2O3 2Al + 3 H 2O

CHEMISTR
Y
 6) Reaction with metal ions
HYDROGEN
Reduces some metal ions in aqueous solutions

H2(g) + Pd2+(aq) Pd(s) + 2H+(aq)

H2(g) + Cu2+(aq) Cu(s) + 2H+(aq)

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 7) Reactions with organic compounds :
a)
HYDROGEN
Hydrogenation of oils
• Oils contain many C = C bonds

Ni, 473K
Vegetable oil + H2 Vegetable fat

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
b) Hydroformylation of olefins
HYDROGEN
Alkene

Addition of
Hydrogen
Addition of Formyl group
By arvind Arora
Or aldehyde group
O
-CHO or -C H
CHEMISTR
Y
 b) Hydroformylation of
olefins HYDROGEN
• First yields aldehydes which further undergo reduction to give alcohols.
O
• H2 + CO + RCH = CH2 RCH2CH2C H

Alkene Aldehyde

O By arvindOArora
H

• H2 + RCH2CH2C H RCH2CH2C H

Aldehyde H
CHEMISTR
Alcohol
Y
Dihydrogen releases more energy than petrol
HYDROGEN 3X
Lots of air pollution Less air pollution

Car running on petrol Car running on Hydrogen

By arvind Arora
Here pollution can be further reduced, By addition of water which lowers the
temperature & stops reaction between the nitrogen & dioxygen
CHEMISTR
Y
 HYDROGEN
So this excess energy can be stored

Chemical Storage in the form of H2

By arvind Arora
Later used to generate electrical energy
Demand Production
Electricity CHEMISTR
Y
Production of electricity from hydrogen
HYDROGEN
Electron flow
Air H2 for recycling
Air 1
Anode reaction: O2+ H2O + 2e– → 2 OH–
or 2
O2 + – H2
Cathode reaction : H2 + 2OH– → 2H2 O + 2 e–

By arvind Arora
Porous
Carbon
electrode
KOH solutionCHEMISTR
Y
 Hydrogen as a fuel
HYDROGEN
Advantages
• Clean burning fuel

• The only pollutants will be the oxides of

dinitrogen (due to the presence of
dinitrogen as impurity with
Bydihydrogen).
arvind Arora
• Can be easily transported
• Limitless and renewable source of energy
CHEMISTR
Y
 Disadvantages
HYDROGEN
• It is expensive form of energy.

• Insulated tanks required for storing liquid

hydrogen will be expensive

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Uses of dihydrogen
HYDROGEN
1) In the manufacture of vanaspati fat by the hydrogenation of
vegetable oils.

2) Synthesis of ammonia NH3

By arvind
Nitric Arora
acid (HNO 3
)

Nitrogenous fertilizers like urea.

CHEMISTR
Y
 Uses of dihydrogen
HYDROGEN
3) It is used in the manufacture of organic chemicals
Example: methanol.

4) In the manufacture of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

By arvind
5) It is widely used in the manufacture of Arora
metal hydrides.

CHEMISTR
Y
6) As a fuel HYDROGEN
Liquid hydrogen mixed with liquid oxygen is used as a rocket fuel in space
research.

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
7) In fuel cells
HYDROGEN
Dihydrogen is used in fuel cells for generating electrical energy.

By arvind Arora

8) In metallurgy it is used to reduce

Metal oxides CHEMISTR
Metal
Y
 HYDROGEN
water

Human body has about 60%

By arvind Arora
It is a crucial compound for the survival of all life forms

It is a solvent of great importance

CHEMISTR
Y
 Hydrogen bonding in water molecules
+ HYDROGEN
.–. δ+ δ.. – .
δ+ δ –
..O.. δ
H δ .O. H O.
H

+H H H
δ δ+ δ+

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
Water Due to the presence of hydrogen bonding between its molecules
HYDROGEN
Physical properties
• High freezing
• High boiling point
• High heat of fusion
• High heat of vapourisation
By arvind Arora
• High specific heat
• High thermal conductivity
• High surface tension CHEMISTR
Y constant
• High dipole moment and dielectric
Universal solvent
HYDROGEN
Ionic compounds and even covalent compounds like alcohol
and carbohydrates dissolve in water.
It is an excellent solvent for transportation
of ions and molecules required for plant and
animal metabolism.
By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Structure of water
HYDROGEN
Gaseous state

• Water exists as seperate molecules

By arvind Arora
Liquid state

• Water exists as associated molecules

CHEMISTR
Y
 Structure of Ice
HYDROGEN
• Ice has a highly ordered three dimensional hydrogen bonded
structure
• Each oxygen atom is surrounded tetrahedrally by four
other oxygen atoms at a distance of 276 pm.
• Density of ice is less than that of water.
By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
Structure of ice
HYDROGEN

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Chemical Properties of Water
HYDROGEN
1) Amphoteric Nature

2) Redox Reactions Involving Water

3) Hydrolysis Reaction
By arvind Arora
4) Hydrates Formation

CHEMISTR
Y
 1) Amphoteric Nature It has the ability to act as acid as well as base
HYDROGEN
According to Bronsted concept it act as base with
strong acid and it act as acid with strong base

• H2O(l) + NH3(aq) OH–(aq) + NH4+(aq)

+ –
• H2O(l) + H2S(aq) H O
By3 arvind
(aq)
+ HS
Arora
(aq) Water also undergoes
self ionization
• The auto-protolysis (self-ionization)
of water takes place as follows :
CHEMISTR
• H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH–(aq)
Y
2) Redox Reactions Involving Water
With electropositive metalsHYDROGEN
In this reaction water is easily reduced to dihydrogen by
highly electropositive metal

2H2O(l) + 2Na(s) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Photosynthesis Water is oxidized to O2 during photosynthesis

By arvind Arora
6CO2(g) + 12H2O(l) C6H12O6(aq) + 6H2O(l) + 6O2(g)

With fluorine With fluorine water gets oxidised to O

2

2F2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4HCHEMISTR

+
(aq)
+ 4F-(aq) + O2(g)
Y
 3) Hydrolysis Reaction :
HYDROGEN
Due to high dielectric concept water has very strong solvating tendency

However, Some covalent and ionic compounds are hydrolysed in water .

Examples :

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(aq)

By arvind Arora
SiCl4(l) + 2H2O(l) SiO2(s) + 4HCl(aq)

N3−(s) + 3H2O(l) NH3(g) + 3OH−(aq)

CHEMISTR
Y
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
HYDROGEN
CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

Na2CO3 + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2CO3

By arvind Arora
Mg3 N2 + 6H2O 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3

CHEMISTR
Y
4) Hydrates Formation :

Many salts crystallise fromHYDROGEN

water with one or more molecules of water
associated with them.
Such an association of water is of different types

(i) Coordinated water eg: [Cr(H2O)6]3+ 3Cl-

By
(ii) Interstitial water eg: BaCl 2 arvind
.2H2O Arora
(iii) Hydrogen-bonded water eg: [Cu(H2O) 4]2+SO2–4.H2O
in CuSO4.5H2O
CHEMISTR
Y
 Heavy Water (D2O) Was discovered by
HYDROGEN
Preparation of heavy water
Urey in 1932.

Excessive electrolysis of water

By-product in some fertilizer industries

Examples of compounds prepared using

heavy water By arvind Arora
• CaC2 + D2O C2D2 + Ca(OD)2

• SO3 + D2O D2SO4

• Al4C3 + 12D2O CHEMISTR
3CD4 + 4Al(OD)3
Y
 Heavy Water (D2O)
HYDROGEN
• Used as moderator in nuclear reactions.

• Used as tracer in study of mechanism of organic reactions

• Used in preparation of deuterium compounds.

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
HYDROGEN
Discovered by Thenard in 1818
Also called as oxygenated water

Preparation of Hydrogen Peroxide

By arvind Arora
Laboratory Preparation

Industrial preparation
CHEMISTR
Y
Laboratory Preparation of Hydrogen Peroxide
HYDROGEN
1) From barium peroxide

BaO2.8H2O(s)+ H2SO4 (aq) BaSO4(s)+ H2O2(aq) + 8H2O(l)

• Hydrated barium peroxide is acidified

using dilute sulphuric acid
By arvind Arora
• The precipitated barium sulphate
and excess water is removed

CHEMISTR
Y
2) By electrolysis Electrolysis of 50% H2SO4 is carried out .
+
HYDROGEN
–
2H2SO4 2H + 2HSO4
At cathode

2H+ + 2e– H2

At anode
By –arvind Arora
2HSO4–(aq) H2S2O8 + 2e
(Peroxodisulphuric acid)

CHEMISTR
Y
2HSO4–(a H2S2O8 + 2e–
HYDROGEN
q) (Peroxodisulphuric acid)

Is Hydrolyzed

Hydrolysis of peroxodisulphuric acid

H2S2O8 + H2O-----hydrolysisBy arvind Arora
H2SO 5
+ H2SO4

H2SO5 + H2O-----hydrolysis H2SO4 + H2O2

CHEMISTR
H2SO5 = Peroxomonosulphuric acid
Y
 Physical Properties
HYDROGEN
• In pure state Very pale blue
coloured liquid

• H2O2 is miscible with water in all proportions

• It forms the hydrate H2OBy

2
.H2arvind Arorapt 221K
O with melting

CHEMISTR
Y
 Strength of hydrogen peroxide solution
HYDROGEN
Percentage strength

• Amount of hydrogen peroxide by weight in 100ml solution

Volume
strength
• Volume (in ml/l)of oxygen liberated at N.T.P by the
By arvind Arora
decomposition of 1ml/1l of that sample of hydrogen peroxide.

CHEMISTR
Y
 Structure
• Non-planar HYDROGEN

111.5
o

o
By arvind Arora
94.8

CHEMISTR
Y
 Storage of hydrogen peroxide
HYDROGEN
• Cannot be stored in glass bottles because
Alkali oxides present in glass catalyses its decomposition
2H2O2(l) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

• Stored in paraffin wax coated plastic or teflon bottles

By arvind
• Small amounts of acid, glycerol, Arora
alcohol, acetamide and H3PO4
used as stabilizers to prevent decomposition

CHEMISTR
Y
 Uses of Hydrogen Peroxide
HYDROGEN
1. In green chemistry :
a) In pollution control treatment of domestic and industrial
effluents

b) Oxidation of cyanide
c)
By arvind Arora
Restoration of aerobic conditions to sewage wastes

CHEMISTR
Y
2. As an antiseptic and sold in the market as perhydrol
HYDROGEN
3. In daily life, it is used as a hair bleach and
as a mild disinfectant

By arvind
4. It is generally used to manufacture Arora
chemicals like
sodium perborate and percarbonate. These chemicals
are used in high grade detergents.

CHEMISTR
Y
5. In industries as a bleaching agent for textiles, paper pulp,
HYDROGEN
oils, fats and leather

6. In the synthesis of hydroquinone, tartaric acid and also in

pharmaceuticals.

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Auto oxidation and auto reduction
HYDROGEN
• Decomposes rapidly on heating in presence of finely divided
metals such as Ca, Fe, Cu, Au, Ag, Pt, MnO2, carbon, dust,
light etc

Here 1 molecule of H2O2 is oxididized to O2

By arvind Arora
H2O2 + H2O2 2H2O + O2

& 1 molecule of H2O2 is Reduced to H2O

CHEMISTR
Y
 In Acidic Medium
HYDROGEN
Oxidising action in acidic medium

2Fe2+(aq) + 2H+(aq)+ H2O2(aq) 2Fe3+(aq) + 2H2O(l)

PbS(s) + 4H2O2(aq) PbSO4(s) + 4H2O(l)

By arvind
Reducing action in acidic medium Arora
2MnO–4 + 6H+ + 5H2O2 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2

HOCl + H2O2 CHEMISTR

H3O+ + Cl –
+ O2
Y
In Basic Medium
HYDROGEN
Oxidising action in basic medium
2Fe2+ + H2O2 2Fe3+ + 2OH–
Mn2+ + H2O2 Mn4+ + 2OH–

Reducing action in basic medium

By arvind Arora
I2 + H2O2 + 2OH– 2I– + 2H2O + O2

2MnO4– + 3H2O2 2MnO2 + 3O2 + 2H O + 2OH–

2
CHEMISTR
Y
H2O2 reduces Cl2 to HCl, it is called as antichlor
H2O2 + Cl2
HYDROGEN
2HCl + O 2

• It acts as bleaching agent.

Lets see how Bleaching Action takes place

• It is due to the oxidation of colouring matter by nascent oxygen

By arvind Arora
H2O2 H2O + O
Colored matter+ O Colorless matter
CHEMISTR
Y
It forms glycols with alkenes
HYDROGEN
CH2 CH2OH
+ H2O2
CH2 CH2OH

ethylene Ethylene glycol

By arvind Arora

CHEMISTR
Y
 Arvind Arora

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