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Lap Shear Strength

Related terms:
Titanium, resin, Tensiles, Adhesive Strength, Higher Temperature

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Lap Shear Strength - an overview | ScienceDire... https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineerin...

Adhesives and Sealants

Bernd R. Burchardt, Peter W. Merz, in Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants, 2006

6.4.2 Calculating the Strength of Elastic Adhesive Joints

In technical data sheets, the strength of an adhesive is generally stated in terms of its tensile lap-shear strength which is determined by performing tests on a single-lap adhesive joint. The test piece is
subjected to a shearing stress by applying a tensile load axially to the two lapped substrates (Fig. 28).

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Figure 28. Single lap adhesive joint used in tensile-shear test.

Tensile lap-shear strengths are determined under ideal laboratory conditions using small test pieces. When calculating the design strength of larger assemblies, engineers have to multiply these
laboratory figures with an appropriate reduction factor. Even where all the adverse influences on an adhesive joint are known, it is advisable to factor in an additional margin of safety to allow for any
fluctuations in quality during the manufacturing process, so that the results of the strength calculations will always deviate on the safe side. Generally speaking, more satisfactory results are obtained by
carrying out tests on the actual component or assembly. In many cases it is necessary to test the adhesive joint by applying compressive or tensile loads before the final design calculations can be
performed.
Since the effect of stress peaks at the ends of the overlaps can be neglected in bonds formed with elastic adhesives, it is not normally necessary to calculate the optimum ratio of substrate thickness to
length of overlap.

6.4.2.1 Reduction Factors

One-part polyurethane adhesives belong to the group of substances known as elastomers and, as such, their mechanical material properties are highly dependent on service temperature and the
duration of any exposure to stress. The changes in the strength and stiffness of the elastomer when the temperature and/or the period of exposure to stress are increased can be roughly quantified by
applying the reduction factors plotted on the graphs in Figs 29–31.
The reduction factor, fT, for the effects of temperature exposure on an elastic adhesive was determined with the aid of a lap-shear test (Fig. 29). The strength of the adhesive decreases with a rise in
temperature.

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Figure 29. Reduction factor, fT: the effect of temperature.

The results of creep rupture tests on single-lap joints yielded the reduction factor, fL, for an adhesive bond subjected to constant static loading (Fig. 30). The strength of the adhesive decreases with
increasing exposure. In constant-load tests of this kind, particularly at higher temperatures, creep strain is observed in the adhesive layer where a certain initial load is exceeded.

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Figure 30. Reduction factor, fL, the effect of constant load.

For this reason, a safety factor of at least 2 should always be included in the design calculations.
Subjecting a test piece to cyclic dynamic load determines the fatigue behaviour of adhesive bonds. When the test values are plotted on a Woehler diagram, the appropriate reduction factor, fZ, for
prolonged exposure to dynamic stress can be read off (Fig. 31).

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Lap Shear Strength - an overview | ScienceDire... https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineerin...

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