Eastern Visayas State University

College of Civil Engineering

Department of Engineering
Ormoc City

CE 316
Elementary and Higher Surveying

Name: Rojas, April Jean A.

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Instructor: Engr. Antonio E. Naboya, Jr., CE, GE, RMP
Date of Conduction: August 23, 2019
Date of Summation: September 2, 2019

Laboratory Exercise No.1

PACING

I. Introduction

Pacing is a valuable thing learned in surveying and very useful tool in finding the
measurement of a distance in the field, especially for a civil engineer or surveyor. Pacing
saves time but it is not accurate as using a tape measure but at least an engineer can
estimate distance without being too obvious that he/she is actually doing measurements.

Knowing the distance of one's pace will help to ensure accuracy and precision of
pacing distances, though there are different obstacles that may affect your
measurements by using the pacing method such as steep slopes, rocky areas, streams,
and thick brush. Pacing can also be used with map, pacing can accomplish an accurate
measurement of a distance or pacing can be applied to record accurate data.

Thus, pacing is the basic, easiest and quickest instrument in measuring fields, a
civil engineer or surveyor is required to know and memorize his/her own pacing factor in
case of emergency. Though, there are different ways to measure a distance, pacing
saves time and energy just by walking normally in the field that need to measured while
counting mentally.
II. Objectives

1. To determine individual pace factor.

2. To measure distance by using pacing method.

III. Instruments and Accessories

IV. Discussion

Data was computed by the use of the formula that was instructed or assigned to
use to determine the individual pace factor. Determining pacing is very easy as long as
you follow the instructions step by step.
The most important part in this laboratory is to determine or having an accurate
data. A to B distance measured 80 meters, and it was walked seven times, and recorded
in a sheet of paper and then the measurement far from the other trials were removed.
The trial 1 shown below on table 1.1, it was removed since it was too far from the others.
For the formula, you need to add all the remaining trials then get the average and
divided by the trial taken to get the mean, divide distance AB to the mean to get the pace
factor. The B to C line was an unknown distance given by the instructor and the pace
factor that has been computed was used to determine the unknown distance, and was
walked seven times again. The average of the paces has been computed like how you
computed your pace factor. This data was then used to find or compute relative precision
of accuracy.
There are a lot of factors that can affect to determine individual pace factor. The
way how pace factor was executed is very important, a person must not affect by those
obstacles that they may face in the future. Especially the mood of a person may differ in
determining paces and those different kinds of obstacles because they can actually
made difficulties in the results. Your results might be almost similar to the actual
distance, which is because you measured the distance by using pace method but that
should not be overlooked. It can help engineers to measure distance easily but can also
give too much error because of the obstacles.

V. Computation

Table 1.1 Determining pace factor

MEAN NO. OF PACE

TRIAL LINE DISTANCE NUMBER OF PACES FACTOR
PACES

AB 105
1
BA 117
2
AB 116
3
BA 80m 117 117.08 0.68
4
AB 118
5
BA 116
6
AB 118.5
7
Table 1.2 Measuring distance by pacing method

PACED RELATIVE
TRIAL LINE NO. OF MEAN DISTANCE
DISTANCE PRECISION
PACES

1 BC 56
2 CB 58
3 BC 57
117.08
4 CB 57'
5 BC 59
6 CB 54.5
7 BC 55

VI. Figures

VII. Conclusion

Therefore, to determine the pace factor, divide the given distance to your mean
which was the result of your experiment and to determine an unknown distance by the
use of pacing method, multiply the pace factor to the average of the number paces
taken.
 Eastern Visayas State University
College of Civil Engineering
Department of Engineering
Ormoc City

CE 316
Elementary and Higher Surveying

Name: Rojas, April Jean A.

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Instructor: Engr. Antonio E. Naboya, Jr., CE, GE, RMP
Date of Conduction: August 23, 2019
Date of Summation: September 2, 2019

Laboratory Exercise No.2

TAPING

I. Introduction

Taping is the linear measurement of the horizontal distance between two points
using a surveyor’s tape. Distance in not necessary linear that's why it might be difficult to
measure. To measure a distance, there should be a look-out to make sure that you are
measuring the distance straight and accurate by the use of a measuring tape. By taping,
there should be a head tape person and a rear tape person to carry the tape and to
signal each other. Usually a head tape person will mark a starting point and the rear tape
person is the one who will align or signal the head tape person by using hand if he/she
needs to go left or right. The look-out has the most important role in taping because
he/she is the one who should look-out for the measuring tape straight to the end point.

A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler and used to measure

distance. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip with linear-
measurement markings. Tapes are used in surveying for measuring horizontal, vertical
or slope distances. Tapes are issued in various lengths and widths and graduated in
variety of ways. It allows to measure different great length and very handy to use or can
easily carried by an engineer wherever you go. Surveyors use tape measures in lengths
of over 100 m.

Thus, taping is very difficult and consuming time, it still does well just to make
sure. Though there are other instruments that can be used to measure distance easier
like other instrument or device that needs electricity.
II. Objectives

1. To learn the art of measuring distance by using measuring tape.

2. To determine an unknown distance from A to B by taping.

III. Instruments and Accessories

1. Steel Tape
2. Bamboo Sticks

IV. Discussion

Data was computed by the use of the assigned formula to find the unknown
distance or accuracy.

This activity or experiment helps the student to determine distance. Steel tape or
any kind of measuring tape is the main tool to use in this experiment. The students were
instructed to measure the given unknown distance by 10 meters of the steel tape. This
activity consists of 11 members in one group, 2 person was the rear tape person, one for
the head tape person, and the others were assigned to mark the by 10 meters until to
the end point given, starting from the tree to the corner pole of the classroom as point A
to B. Then, from point B to A, it was measured again and there was a difference of the
data they collected since every taping there is always a possibility of error. The table 1.1
shown below is the gathered data of this experiment.

V. Computation

Table 1.1 Determining distance by taping

RELATIVE
LINE NO. OF METERS AVERAGE MPV
PRECISION/ACCURACY
(BY 10 METERS)

10 times x
10m = 100m + 107 meters
AB 7m
1
106.9m
106.9
10 times x
BA 10m = 100m + 106.8 meters
6.8m
Solutions:

107 + 106.8 = 213.8/2 = 106.9 meters

106.9 – 106.8 = 0.1

0.1/0.1 1
=
106.9/0.1 106.9

VI. Figures

VII. Conclusion

Therefore, to determine the measurement of a distance by taping is to make sure

everything is under control especially the look-outs. The data collected represents the
measurement of an unknown distance, to solve for the unknown distance, find the MPV
first then subtract it to your chosen line (AB/BA). The computation shows that the
unknown distance has the precision or accuracy of 1/106.9.