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Lauro
9 May 2012 3:38 PM
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https://www.quora.com/How-Channel-Quality-Indicator-is-calculated-in-LTE-
Technology
In this blog we will briefly describe general troubleshooting guidelines for downlink
throughput in LTE networks with MIMO 2x2. The reader is advised to look for
particular counters in their respective OEM’s documentation to address each of the
fields explored below.
The general troubleshooting strategy is described below and the covered reasons for
bad throughput are shown in the figure below.
a) The first thing is to identify those cells with low throughput. This threshold is
defined by your network policies and practices (it also depends on your design
parameters). Reports should be run for a significant number of days so that data is
statistically valid.
1. Transmit Diversity
2. MIMO one layer
3. MIMO two layers
Typical values for MIMO one and two layers oscillate between 10 and 12.
b) If low CQI values are found after a CQI report is obtained, then downlink
interference might be the cause of low throughput.
c) Common sources of interference in the 700 MHz band (LTE deployment in the
USA) are: inter-modulation interference, cell jammers and wireless microphones
a) Run a report for BLER in the cells identified. The BLER should be smaller or equal
than 10%. If the value is larger, then, there is an indication of bad RF environment.
b) Typical causes of bad BLER are downlink interference, bad coverage (holes in the
network, etc.)
a) Identify the transmission mode of your network. There are seven transmission
modes as shown in the table below
b) If the maximum number of RRC connections active per cell is close or equal to the
maximum number of RRC connections supported, then. The cause for low
throughput is load.
c) A high number of scheduled users per TTI does not necessarily mean that
demand is the cause for low throughput.
b) Select the one that is more convenient for the type of cell you are investigating.
Examples of schedulers are: round robin, proportional fairness, maximum C/I, equal
opportunity, etc. OEMs allow you to switch the scheduler in your network but
recommend one in particular.
a) Check if your network is using periodic or aperiodic CQI reporting (or both).
b) Verify the frequency in which the CQI reporting is carried out for periodic reporting
as well as the maximum number of users supported per second.
c) If the value is too small compared with the maximum number of RRC active
connections, then, increase the values of the parameters CQIConfigIndex as well as
RIConfigIndex (deal with in future blog).
d) If your network is not using aperiodic CQI reporting, then enable it.
e) Slow frequencies of CQI reporting might yield bad channel estimations that
prevent the eNodeB from scheduling the right amount of data and Modulation and
Coding Schemes to UE.
Step 7: Other
a) Run a VSWR report or ask your OEM to run it for you.
c) Check your backhaul capacity. Often times, the backhaul links are shared among
multiple RATs. Make sure your backhaul is properly dimensioned.
At the end of this methodology, you will be able to determine if the reasons for low
throughput in your cells is one of the following or a combination, thereof:
- MIMO Parameters
- Scheduling algorithm
- Low Demand