Structural Design of Offshore Junction Chamber R 2

1.
0 DESIGN INFORMATION
1.1 Material Properties
Density of Concrete 24 kN/m3

Density of Water 9.81 kN/m3
Concrete Grade 30 N/mm2
Characteristic Strength of high yield Steel 460 N/mm2
Characteristic Strength of Mild Steel 250 N/mm2
1.2 Durability Requirement
Exposure Condition - Severe
Clear cover to r/f 50 mm
1.3 Foundation
Assumed bearing capacity 125 kN/mm2

Soil parameters c= 0 kN/mm2
(cohesionless soil) j= 30 0
g= 20 kN/m3
(Where c is cohesion, j is friction angle and g is the density.)
2.0 REFERENCES
BS 8110 Part 1 (1985)

British Standard Structural Use of Concrete
BS 8007 (1987)
Design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids
BS 4466 (1981)
Specification for Bending Dimensions and Scheduling of Reinforcement for Concrete.
Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Hand Book

R.E.Renolds and James C. Steedman - 10 th Edition
Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete

By Institution of Structural Engineers UK
CONTENTS
Page No
1.0 Codes of Practice and References 1
2.0 Design Data and Parameters 2-3
3.0 Loadings 4-7
4.0 Stability check of the chamber in sea bed 8
5.0 Analysis of the chamber 9
6.0 Analysis results and Design
6.1 Analysis results of Wall 01 common for Wall 03 10-11
6.2 Design of Wall 01 common for Wall 03 12-16
6.3 Analysis results of Wall 02 17-18
6.4 Design of Wall 02 19-23
6.5 Analysis results of Top Slab 24-25
6.6 Design of Top Slab 26-31
6.7 Analysis results of Base Slab 32-33
6.8 Design of Base Slab 34-38
7.0 Conclusion 39
Annexure 1
Annexure 2
Annexure 3
LEADER CIVIL-GUANGZHOU Project Rehabilitation of Sea Outfalls Calc by
SALVAGE JV Cont. No: GCWMP/ADB/OF01/ICB/Works/01/2012 Che by
Component Junction Chamber- Offshore- R2 Date 02/10/2013
Reference Calculations Output
DESIGN OF OFFSHORE JUNCTION CHAMBER

Note to the Revision 02
Considering the size and arrangment of the opening and dimensions of the
walls and slab where the opening provided, the original model was developed
assuming there is no openings to obtain the conservative results. However,
through the Revision 01 the model is revised by providing openings at respective
locations. No structural connection assumed between the pipes and walls,
hence no forces will transfer between each other.
As the SS manhole cover fix to the top slab by eight number of bolts, the total
force apply on the cover has assumed to be transferred to the top slab as
point loads at eight locations.
1.0 Codes of Practice and References

BS 8110 Part 1 (1997)
Structural Use of Concrete
BS 8007 (1987)
Design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids
BS 6349-1:2000
Maritime Structures
BS 8666 (2000)
Specification for Bending Dimensions and Scheduling of Reinforcement for
Concrete.
Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Hand Book

R.E.Reynolds and James C. Steedman - 10 th Edition
Design of Water Retaining Structures

Ian Batty, Roger Westbrook
Principles of Geotechnical Engineering 5th Edition

Braja M Das
Foundation Analysis & Design

Joseph E Bowles
Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete

Institution of Structural Engineers UK
Supplementary data of Tender Document
Design and Numerical Modelling of Mutwal Sea Outfall

Lanka Hydraulic Institute August 2013
Geotechnical Investigation Report

(NBRO on 28th May 2013)
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2.0 Design Data and Parameters

2.1 Material Properties
Density of Concrete (γcon) 24 kN/m3
Density of normal Water (γw) 10 kN/m3
Density of sea water (γsw) 10.25 kN/m3
geotechnical Bulk density of soil (γsat) 19.7 kN/m3
report, at CH 1447 Angle of internal friction (φ') 46 0
BS6349 Concrete grade 35 N/mm2

Table 22&24
BS8007
clause 6.3
Characteristic Strength of high yield Steel 460 N/mm2
2.2 Durability Requirements

Design Life of the structure 50 yrs
BS6349 Exposure Condition - Very Severe (XS2)
clause58.3.3.2 Clear cover to reinforcement 50 mm
BS 8007 Design surface crack width 0.1 mm

clause 2.7.3
clause 2.2.3.3
2.3 Bearing Capacity of sea bed at the selected location
Terzaghi's ultimate bearing capacity equation for shallow foundation assuming

local shear failure (conservative approach) with the effect of ground water table
For square shape footing

Eqn 15.17 qu = 1.3ċ'N'c+qN'q+0.4γBN'γ
Principles of cohesionless soil
Geotechnical ċ' = (2/3)c' = 0
Engineering with the effect of water table
q = γ(Df-D)+γ'D
where,
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γ - Unit weight of unsaturated soil

Df - Distance to the soil fill above the base from bottom of the base ≤ B
B - Width of the base = 4.5 m
D - Distance to the water level above the base from the bottom of base ≤ Df
γ' - Effective unit weight of soil = γsat - γsw
Df = D = 0.8 m
γ' = 19.7-10.25
= 9.45 kN/m3
Therefore
q = 0+9.45*0.8
= 7.56 kN/m2
For φ=φ'=460
Table 15.2 of N'c = 55.73
Principles of N'q = 39.48
Geotechnical N'γ = 41.7
Engineering
Since the soil is in submerged condition γ need to be replaced by γ'
qu = 0+7.56*39.48+0.4*9.45*4.5*41.7
= 1007.79 kN/m2
Assuming factor of safety (FOS) of 3
Allowable bearing capacity qa = 1007.79/3

= 335.93 kN/m2
Bowles Book Modulus of subgrade reaction (ks) = 40*SF*qa

page 408 = 40*3*335.93
= 40311.43 kN/m3
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3.0 Loadings
Following load cases and combinations have been considered
3.1 Load cases
LC1 - Critical load case for stability calculation of chamber
clause 38.2 FD = (CD ρV An)/2

2
BS6349
where,
FD - steady drag force (kN)
CD - time-averaged drag force coefficient
ρ - water density (t/m3)
V - incident current velocity (m/s)
An - area normal to flow (m2)
Table 7 CD = 2
BS6349
ρ = 10.25 kN/m3
6 of 53
= 1.03 t/m3
LHI Report V = 1.00 m/s (during monsoon season)
An = 2.45*4.5
= 11.03 m2
Therefore
FD = 11.30 kN
Assuming following dimensions for elements
Thickness of wall 01 = 350 mm having an opening of 2.4m

diameter
Thickness of wall 02 = 350 mm
Thickness of wall 03 = 350 mm having an opening of 1.6m

diameter
Thickness of base slab = 500 mm
Thickness of top slab = 350 mm having an opening of 1.2m

diameter
Submerged weights of
Wall 01 = {(24-10.25)*[2.4*4.5*0.35-(π*2.42*0.35/4)]}
= 30.20 kN
Wall 02 = (24-10.25)*2.4*2.8*0.35
= 32.34 kN
Wall 03 = {(24-10.25)*[2.4*4.5*0.35-(π*1.62*0.35/4)]}
= 42.30 kN
Base slab = (24-10.25)*4.5*4.5*0.5

= 139.22 kN
Top slab = {(24-10.25)*[3.5*4.5*0.35-(π*1.22*0.35/4)]}
= 70.35 kN
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LC2 - Critical Load case for reinforcement design of structural elements
Assumptions
- Friction loss along the pipe has not been considered (conservative)
- Evethough the water densities are different between inside and outside
maximum density value (γsw) has been considered (conservative)
Application of inside and outside water pressures
Resultant pressure diagram
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P1 = γsw*(6.7+h-2.4)
= γsw*(h+4.3)
P2 = γsw*(6.7+h-2.4+2.4)
= γsw*(h+6.7)
P3 = γsw*(h-2.4)
P4 = γsw*h
P5 = γsw*(h-2.75)
P6 = γsw*(h+0.5)
Therefore,
P1-P3 = γsw*6.7
= 68.68 kN/m2
P2-P4 γ
= sw *6.7
= 68.68 kN/m2
P1-P5 = γsw*7.05
= 72.26 kN/m2
P2-P6 = γsw*6.2
= 63.55 kN/m2
If the submerged density is assumed for concrete in the analysis,
P1-P3 = P2-P4 = P1-P5 = P2-P6 = 68.68 kN/m2
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4.0 Stability check of the chamber in sea bed

- Load case LC1 is considered
- Beneficial effect from the two pipes connected at either side ignored (conservative)
70.35
Passive resistance (P) = [Kp*(γsat-γsw)*0.8*0.8/2]*4.5
Kp = (1+Sin φ)/(1-Sinφ)
= 6.13
P = 83.36 kN
Sliding resistance (F) = (70.35+42.3+64.68+30.2+139.22)*tanδ
Table 11-6 Assume δ=200

Bowles Book F = 126.21 kN
Taking moment about A
Overturning moment(Mo) = 11.3*2.025

= 22.88 kNm
Resistant moment (Mr) = 83.36*0.267+42.3*0.675+(70.35+64.68+139.22)*
2.25+30.2*3.825
= 783.39 kNm
Factor of safety against sliding = (83.36+140.01)/11.3
= 18.55 >> 2 OK
Factor of safety against = 868.73/22.34

overturning = 34.24 >> 3 OK
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Bearing pressure (Max) = P/A + M/Z
= 384.68/4.5*4.5+22.34/(4.5*4.52/6)
= 20.47 kN/m2 << 335.93 kN/m2
No bearing failure OK
Bearing pressure (Min) = P/A-M/Z

= 17.53 kN/m2 >> 0 OK
Chamber not lifting
Check for floatation
It has been assumed that the both pipelines are prevented of floating by
their own arrangements.
60% air filled condition is assumed for floatation check
Total weight of the chamber = Wall 01+2*Wall 02+Wall 03+Base slab+ Top slab
including 40% of water inside = + 3.8*2.8*2.4*10*0.4
= 707.39 kN
Total up thrust force act on the = 10.25*4.5*3.5*3.25

chamber = 524.67 kN
F.O.S against floatation = 605.25/524.67

= 1.35 > 1.25 OK
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5.0 Analysis of the chamber

PROKON (version 2.6) structural analysis and design software has been
used for the analysis. 3 dimensional finite element model has prepared
using 0.25mx0.25m shell elements.
Supports for the base slab are given as spring supports and the spring
constants have been calculated using the value of modulus of subgrade
reaction multiplying the effective area.
Pressure to the shell elements applied as area load perpendicular to the

surface
Value of the concrete density entered as the submerged density
0.25mx0.25m 0.35mthk
3D model of the chamber shell elements
0.25mx0.25m 0.5m thk spring supports

shell element
Applied pressure
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Top Slab
Wall
Please refer Annexure 1 for input data for the analysis
6.0 Analysis Results and Design
6.1 Analysis results of wall 01 common for wall 03:
Vertical Direction
Mx moments are considered in the design of the vertical reinforcement.
Maximum ultimate moment, Mx = 30.00 kNm/m

(see figure below)
Maximum ultimate shear Vy = 80.00 kN/m

(see figure below)
Maximum service moment, Mx = 20.00 kNm/m
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(see figure below)
Horizontal Direction
My moments are considered in the design of the horizontal reinforcement.
Maximum ultimate moment, My = 38.00 kNm/m

(see figure below)
Maximum ultimate shear, Vx = 115.00 kN/m

(see figure below)
Maximum service moment, My = 27.00 kNm/m
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### 6.2 Design of wall 01
Vertical Reinforcement
Design for ultimate condition
Assume that
Cover to r/f = 50 mm
Vertical r/f = 16 mm dia.
Horizontal r/f = 16 mm dia.
Vertical spacing = 125 mm
Horizontal spacing = 125 mm
Ian Batty & Assuming total direct tension is resisted by single face reinforcement
Roger West Brook Ultimate flexural moment (Mu) = 30 kNm/m
Page 58, 59 Ultimate Direct Tension (Fu) = 120 kN/m
Annexure 2
M1u = Mu-Fu(d-h/2)
= 17.88 kNm/m
Calculate As to carry M1u
Parameter Value
BS 8110 M 17.88
part-1 b 1000.00
Cl.3.4.4.4 t 350.00
d 276.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.01
k 0.01
k' 0.16
z 273.93
0.95d 262.20
Zcorrect 262.20
x 4.60
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As(req) 170.40
As to carry Fu = Fu/0.87fy
= 299.85 mm2/m
Total As = 299.85+170.4 As(req)
= 470.25 mm2/m 470.25
mm2/m
Design for service condition
Ms = 20.00 kNm/m
Fs = 85 kN/m
M1s = Ms-Fs(d-h/2)
= 11.42 kNm/m
Estimate stress for 0.1mm crack (fs) = 200 N/mm2
z = 0.9*d
= 248.4 mm
As required = M/fs/z + Fs/fs
= 229.8 + 425
= 654.77 mm2/m
Actual As provided = 1609 mm2/m
Actual As resisting M = 229.8*1609/654.77

= 564.63 mm2/m
Actual As resisting F = 425*1609/1157.99

= 1044.37 mm2/m
BS 8007 w = (3*acr*εm) / {1+2*[(acr-cmin)/(h-x)]} --- {1}

Appendix B εm = ε1 -ε2 --- {2}
ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm 2
BS8110:2 Ec = 13.5 kN/mm2 assuming creep coefficient of 1

clause 3.6
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Vertical Spacing 125
Horizontal Spacing 125
Cover 50
M 11.42
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
16 of 53
d 276
As(resisting M) 565
As(total) 1609
ρ 0.0020
(x/d) 0.2178
x 60
z 256
fs 79 < 0.8fy OK
fcb 1.5 < 0.45fcu OK
ε1 0.0005
ε2 0.0017
εm -0.001193
acr 88.86
cmin 66.00 w= 0.000
w -0.275 mm
Check crack width for direct tension
Assume
ε1 = 0.0005 (same as for flexure)
ε2 = bt x h = 0.001
Es x As w = 3acrx εm
εm = ε1 -ε2 = -0.15 OK
= -0.0006 = 0.00
Shrinkage and thermal movement in immature concrete
Cl.2.6.2.3
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035
Refer Fig A- Minimum steel area As (min)

2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m = 613 mm2
Cl A-3 BS Wmax = Smax*R*α (T1+T2)

8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
350mm thick wall, 400kg/m3 cement content, plywood
Table 5.1 formwork
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α= 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )
= 0.00017
Table A-3 Smax = ( fct / fb )*(φ / 2ρ )
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*( φ / 2*ρ )
ρ = 0.000570 *φ
= 0.0091
Area of steel required = 1594.60 As
= 1595
Check for shear mm2
Shear force V = 80.00 kN
Shear stress v = 0.29 N/mm2
Table 3.8 BS Shear capacity vc = 0.59 N/mm2
8110 P-1
Shear is not critical
17 of 53
Note
As the effect of direct tension is not very significant and reducing of design forces due
to that effect is conservative at SLS as shown above, that check has not been performed
for latter calculations
Horizontal reinforcement
Assume that
Parameter Value
M 38.00
b 1000.00
t 350.00
d 292.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.01
k 0.01
k' 0.16
z 287.81 As(req)
BS 8110 0.95d 277.40 = 342
part-1 Zcorrect 277.40 mm2/m
Cl.3.4.4.4
x 9.31
As(req) 342.29
18 of 53
Service moment = 27.00

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm 2
Ec = 13.5 kN/mm2 assuming creep coefficient of 1
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Cover 50
M 27.00
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
d 292
As 1609
ρ 0.0055
(x/d) 0.3306
x 97
z 260
fs 65 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0004
ε2 0.0005
εm -0.000092 w= 0.000
acr 88.86 mm
cmin 66.00
w -0.021

Cl.2.6.2.3 As (min)
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035 = 613
mm2/m
Refer Fig A- Minimum steel area
2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m

8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
Table 5.1 formwork
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
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of BS8007 α = 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

= 0.00017
Table A-3 Smax = ( fct / fb )*( φ / 2ρ )
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*(φ / 2*ρ ) As
ρ = 0.000570 *φ = 1595
= 0.0091 mm2/m
Area of steel required = 1594.60
Check for shear

Table 3.8 Shear capacity vc = 0.58 N/mm2
BS 8110 P-1 Shear is not critical
Check for deflection
Clause 3.4.6.3
BS 8110 Part1 Maximum deflection = 1 mm
1997 Maximum allowable deflection = 3250/250 (Span/250)
Clause 2.2.3.4 = 13 mm Hence OK
BS8007
Summary for wall 01&03
Vertical Reinforcement = T16@125 (1609mm2/m) NF&FF

Horizontal Reinforcement = T16@125 (1609mm2/m) NF&FF
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6.3 Analysis results of wall 02:
Vertical Direction

(see figure below)

(see figure below)
21 of 53

(see figure below)

(see figure below)

(see figure below)
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### 6.4 Design of wall 02
Assume that
Parameter Value
BS 8110 M 59.00
part-1 b 1000.00
Cl.3.4.4.4 t 350.00
d 276.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
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M/bd2fcu 0.02
k 0.02
k' 0.16
z 269.04
0.95d 262.20
Zcorrect 262.20
x 15.47 As(req)
As(req) 562.27 = 562
mm2/m

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm 2

clause 3.6
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Cover 50
M 42.00
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
d 276
As 1609
ρ 0.0058
(x/d) 0.3381
x 93
z 245
fs 107 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0007
ε2 0.0006
εm 0.000188
acr 88.86
cmin 66.00 w= 0.043
w 0.043 mm

Cl.2.6.2.3
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035

2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m = 613
24 of 53
mm2/m
8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
350mm thick wall, 400kg/m3 cement content,plywood
Table 5.1 formwork
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α= 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*( φ / 2*ρ )
ρ = 0.000570 *φ
= 0.0091
= 1595
Check for shear mm2/m
Assume that
Parameter Value
M 38.00
b 1000.00
t 350.00
d 292.00
25 of 53
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.01
k 0.01
k' 0.16
z 287.81 As(req)
BS 8110 0.95d 277.40 = 342
Cl.3.4.4.4
x 9.31
As(req) 342.29

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm 2
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Cover 50
M 27.00
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
d 292
As 1609
ρ 0.0055
(x/d) 0.3306
x 97
z 260
fs 65 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0004
ε2 0.0005
εm -0.000092 w= 0.000
acr 88.86 mm
cmin 66.00
w -0.021
26 of 53
Cl.2.6.2.3 As (min)
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035 = 613
mm2/m
2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m

8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
Table 5.1 formwork
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α = 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*(φ / 2*ρ ) As
ρ = 0.000570 *φ = 1595
= 0.0091 mm2/m
Check for shear

27 of 53
Clause 3.4.6.3
BS 8110 Part1 Maximum deflection = 0.17 mm
BS8007
Summary for wall 02

6.5 Analysis results of wall 03:
Vertical Direction

(see figure below)
28 of 53

(see figure below)

(see figure below)

(see figure below)
29 of 53

(see figure below)
### 6.6Design of wall 03
Assume that
30 of 53
Parameter Value
BS 8110 M 60.30
part-1 b 1000.00
Cl.3.4.4.4 t 350.00
d 276.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.02
k 0.02
k' 0.16
z 268.88
0.95d 262.20
Zcorrect 262.20
x 15.82 As(req)
As(req) 574.66 = 575
mm2/m

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm2
clause 3.6
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Cover 50
M 43.00
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
d 276
As 1609
ρ 0.0058
(x/d) 0.3381
x 93
z 245
fs 109 < 0.8fy OK
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ε1 0.0008
ε2 0.0006
εm 0.000206
acr 88.86
cmin 66.00 w= 0.047
w 0.047 mm

Cl.2.6.2.3
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035

2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m = 613
mm2/m
8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
Table 5.1 formwork
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α= 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*( φ / 2*ρ )
ρ = 0.000570 *φ
= 0.0091
= 1595
32 of 53
Assume that
Parameter Value
M 45.00
b 1000.00
t 350.00
d 292.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.02
k 0.02
k' 0.16
z 287.02 As(req)
BS 8110 0.95d 277.40 = 405
Cl.3.4.4.4
x 11.06
As(req) 405.35

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm2
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Cover 50
M 32.00
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
d 292
As 1609
ρ 0.0055
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(x/d) 0.3306
x 97
z 260
fs 77 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0005
ε2 0.0005
εm -0.000014 w= 0.000
acr 88.86 mm
cmin 66.00
w -0.003

Cl.2.6.2.3 As (min)
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035 = 613
mm2/m
2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m

8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
Table 5.1 formwork
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α = 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*(φ / 2*ρ ) As
ρ = 0.000570 *φ = 1595
= 0.0091 mm2/m
Check for shear

34 of 53
Clause 3.4.6.3
BS8007
Summary for wall 02

35 of 53
6.7 Analysis results of Top Slab:
Longitudinal Direction

(see figure below)

(see figure below)

(see figure below)
36 of 53
Shortl Direction

(see figure below)

(see figure below)
37 of 53
### 6.8 Design of Top Slab
Longitudinal Reinforcement (secondary)
Assume that
Secondary r/f = 16 mm dia.
Main r/f = 16 mm dia.
spacing of secondary r/f = 125 mm
spacing of main r/f = 125 mm
Parameter Value
BS 8110 M 41.00
part-1 b 1000.00
Cl.3.4.4.4 t 350.00
d 276.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.02
k 0.02
k' 0.16
z 271.20
0.95d 262.20
Zcorrect 262.20
x 10.67 As(req)
As(req) 390.73 = 391
mm2/m

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm2
clause 3.6
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
38 of 53
Cover 50
M 30.00
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
d 276
As 1609
ρ 0.0058
(x/d) 0.3381
x 93
z 245
fs 76 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0005
ε2 0.0006
εm -0.000025
acr 88.86
cmin 66.00 w= 0.00
w -0.006 mm

Cl.2.6.2.3
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035

2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m = 613
mm2/m
8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
Table 5.1 formwork
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α= 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*( φ / 2*ρ )
ρ = 0.000570 *φ
= 0.0091
= 1595
39 of 53
Short direction reinforcement (main reinforcement)
Assume that
Secondary r/f = 16 mm dia.
Mainl r/f = 16 mm dia.
spacing of secondary = 125 mm
Parameter Value
M 52.00
b 1000.00
t 350.00
d 292.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.02
k 0.02
k' 0.16
z 286.23 As(req)
BS 8110 0.95d 277.40 = 468
Cl.3.4.4.4
x 12.82
As(req) 468.40

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm 2
40 of 53
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Cover 50
M 37.00
αe 15
t 350
b 1000
d 292
As 1609
ρ 0.0055
(x/d) 0.3306
x 97
z 260
fs 88 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0006
ε2 0.0005
εm 0.000063 w= 0.01
acr 88.86 mm
cmin 66.00
w 0.014

Cl.2.6.2.3 As (min)
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035 = 613
mm2/m
2 BS 8007 = 612.5 mm2/m

8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
formwork
Table 5.1 T2 = 0 0
C
AppendixA α = 10*10 -6
of BS8007
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )
= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*(φ / 2*ρ ) As
ρ = 0.000570 *φ = 1595
= 0.0091 mm2/m
Check for shear

41 of 53
Table 3.8 Shear capacity vc = 0.58 N/mm 2
Clause 3.4.6.3
BS 8110 Part1 Maximum structural deflection = 0.33 mm (upward)
BS8007
Summary for Top Slab
Longitudinal Reinforcement = T16@125 (1131mm2/m) T&B

Short direction Reinforcement = T16@125 (1131mm2/m) T&B
Checking the fixing strength of the 1400mm dia. SS cover on top slab
Cover - SS 316L 20mm thick Bolts - SS316L, 20mm diameter
Density of SS = 80 kN/m3
Maximum ultimate lifting force = [1.4*68.68-(80-10.25)*0.02]*π*1.42/4

applying on cover slab = 145.87 kN
Number of bolts use for fixing = 8
42 of 53
Force apply on one bolt = 145.87/8
= 18.23 kN (** Service load value of this
has been applied as point loads
Check for the bolt capacity to the top slab in the analysis)
Area of a bolt = π*202/4

= 314.16 mm2
ASPEN Tension strength of bolts (pt) = 290 N/mm2

(seeAnnexure 3)
clause6.3.4.3 Tension capacity of a bolt (Pt) = 314.16*290/1000
BS5950 = 91.11 kN
Part 1 2000
Shear strength of a bolt = 0.6pt
= 174 N/mm2
Assuming shear area of a bolt similar to tensile stress area
clause 6.3.1 Shear capacity of a bolt (P s) = 54.66 kN
BS5950
There is no significant shear force apply on bolts
Hence 91.11 >> 18.23 bolts are safe OK
Check for the bonding strength
Clause 3.12.8.4 Design ultimate anchorage bond = β*√fcu

BS 8110-1 stress (fbu)
1997
Table 3.26 Assume plain bar value for β (conservative)
fbu = 0.28*√35
= 1.66 N/mm2
Ultimate force on the bolt without = fbu*π*φe*l

anchorage failure (Fs)
where
φe = diameter of bolt = 20 mm
drawing for l = anchorage length = 250 mm
manhole cover
Therefore
Fs = 26.02 kN > 18.23 kN OK
Fixing details for the manhole cover is satisfactory
43 of 53
6.9 Analysis results of Base Slab:
Secondary direction

(see figure below)

(see figure below)

(see figure below)
44 of 53
Primary Direction

(see figure below)

(see figure below)
45 of 53
### 6.10 Design of Base Slab
Longitudinal Reinforcement
Assume that
Secondaryl r/f = 16 mm dia.
Mainl r/f = 16 mm dia.
spacing of secondary r/f = 75 mm
Parameter Value
BS 8110 M 60.00
part-1 b 1000.00
Cl.3.4.4.4 t 500.00
d 426.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.01
k 0.01
k' 0.16
z 421.48
0.95d 404.70
Zcorrect 404.70
x 10.04 As(req)
As(req) 370.46 = 370
mm2/m

46 of 53
ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm 2

clause 3.6
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Vertical Spacing 75
Cover 50
M 43.00
αe 15
t 500
b 1000
d 426
As 2682
ρ 0.0063
(x/d) 0.3486
x 148
z 377
fs 43 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0003
ε2 0.0004
εm -0.000145
acr 74.96
cmin 66.00 w= 0.00
w -0.031 mm

Cl.2.6.2.3
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035

2 BS 8007 = 875 mm2/m = 875
mm2/m
8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
500mm thick wall, 400kg/m3 cement content
Table 5.1
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α= 10*10 -6
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*( φ / 2*ρ )
ρ = 0.000570 *φ
47 of 53
= 0.0091
Area of steel required = 2278.00 Top As,top
= 2278
= 911.20 Bottom mm2/m
(surface zone thickness is 100mm) As,bottom
= 911.2
mm2/m
Table 3.8 Check for shear

BS 8110 P-1 Shear force V = 118.00 kN
Shear capacity vc = 0.61 N/mm2
Short direction reinforcement
Assume that
Parameter Value
M 37.00
b 1000.00
t 500.00
d 442.00
fcu 35.00
fy 460.00
M/bd2fcu 0.01
k 0.01
k' 0.16
z 439.33 As(req)
BS 8110 0.95d 419.90 = 220
Cl.3.4.4.4 x 5.94
As(req) 220.18
48 of 53

ε2 = 1.5*{bt (h-x)*(a'-x)} / {3*Es*As*(d-x)} --- {3}
ε1 = {fs*(h-x)} / {Es(d-x)} --- {4}
and
(x/d) = αe*r { SQRT [ 1+2/αe*r] -1} --- {5}
Es = 200 kN/mm2
Parameter Value
Vertical r/f 16
Horizontal r/f 16
Vertical Spacing 75
Cover 50
M 26.00
αe 15
t 500
b 1000
d 442
As 2682
ρ 0.0061
(x/d) 0.3435
x 152
z 391
fs 25 < 0.8fy OK
ε1 0.0001
ε2 0.0004
εm -0.000241 w= 0.00
acr 74.96 mm
cmin 66.00
w -0.052

Cl.2.6.2.3 As (min)
BS 8007 ρ crit = 0.0035 = 875
mm2/m
2 BS 8007 = 875 mm2/m

8007 Take R= 0.5
T1 = 34.0 0
C
500mm thick wall, 400kg/m3 cement content
Table 5.1
AppendixA T2 = 0 0
C
of BS8007 α = 10*10 -6
49 of 53
Wmax / Smax = 0.5*(10*10 )*( 34 +
-6
0 )
= 0.00017
Table A-1 ( fct / fb ) = 0.67
Wmax / 0.00017 = 0.67*(φ / 2*ρ ) As
ρ = 0.000570 *φ = 2278
= 0.0091 mm2/m
= 911.20 Bottom
(surface zone thickness is 100mm) As,bottom
= 911.2
mm2/m
Table 3.8 Check for shear

BS 8110 P-1
Shear capacity vc = 0.60 N/mm2
Clause 3.4.6.3
BS8007
Summary for Base Slab
Longitudinal Reinforcement = T16@75 (2682mm2/m) Top

= T16@150 (1340mm2/m) Bottom
Short direction Reinforcement = T16@75 (2682mm2/m) Top
50 of 53
= T16@150 (1340mm2/m) Bottom
Bearing capacity check (SLS)
Maximum support reaction at a corner = 0.7 kN

of the base
Effective area = 0.125*0.125

= 0.016 m2
Max. bearing pressure at a corner = 44.8 kN/m2
Maximum support reaction at the mid of the = 2.79 kN

base
Effective area = 0.25*0.25

= 0.0625 m2
Max. bearing pressure at the mid of the = 44.64 kN/m2

base
Since, Max(44.8,44.64)<< 335.93 (qa) bearing capacity check satisfactory
7.0 Bond & Anchorage
IStructE Detailing
Manual Table 28
Page 133 Tension anchorage length for member in flexure = 34φ
(ULS)
As, Asprov is greater than Asreq in flexure, this value will be reduced further.
R.D Anchor's
Book Since the bars are resisting direct tension, = 34*1.4φ
Page 63,64 The anchorage length = 48φ
IStructE Detailing Table 29

Manual Tension anchorage lengths for thermal and = 48φ
Page 133 shrinkage requirement
As Asprov exceed the Ascrit ,this value will be reduced further
Minimum Anchorage & Lap length to be provided = 48φ

for φ=16mm = 768 770mm
51 of 53
8.0 Conclusion
- The chamber is stable for the possible unbalanced force due to sea
current and will never float.
- Design has been done controlling the maximum surface crack width
to 0.1mm and which is protect the reinforcement from the very severe
environment condition
- Loading on the structural elements during the installation stage

is well below the design forces and the structure is safe as long
as the lifting arrangement and equipments are satisfactory.
- Clear cover of minimum 25mm to be provided between the SS fixing

bolts and the reinforcement.
- Minimum curing time is 7 days as per the specification
- Formworks will be removed as specified in the Table 6-B-6.5 of the

Specification.
- Chamber can be lifted and transported after 7 days of casting once it reach to
52 of 53
its design strength as per the following graph extracted from the mix
design report. This will be verified through the 7days concrete cube test.
53 of 53

Structural Design of Offshore Junction Chamber R 2

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Structural Design of Offshore Junction Chamber R 2

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1.

1.1 Material Properties

Density of Concrete 24 kN/m3

1.2 Durability Requirement

Exposure Condition - Severe

Clear cover to r/f 50 mm

Assumed bearing capacity 125 kN/mm2

BS 8110 Part 1 (1985)

Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Hand Book

Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete

DESIGN OF OFFSHORE JUNCTION CHAMBER

1.0 Codes of Practice and References

Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Hand Book

Design of Water Retaining Structures

Principles of Geotechnical Engineering 5th Edition

Foundation Analysis & Design

Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete

Supplementary data of Tender Document

Design and Numerical Modelling of Mutwal Sea Outfall

Geotechnical Investigation Report

2.0 Design Data and Parameters

BS6349 Concrete grade 35 N/mm2

2.2 Durability Requirements

BS 8007 Design surface crack width 0.1 mm

2.3 Bearing Capacity of sea bed at the selected location

Terzaghi's ultimate bearing capacity equation for shallow foundation assuming

For square shape footing

γ - Unit weight of unsaturated soil

Assuming factor of safety (FOS) of 3

Allowable bearing capacity qa = 1007.79/3

Bowles Book Modulus of subgrade reaction (ks) = 40*SF*qa

LC1 - Critical load case for stability calculation of chamber

clause 38.2 FD = (CD ρV An)/2

Assuming following dimensions for elements

Thickness of wall 01 = 350 mm having an opening of 2.4m

Thickness of wall 03 = 350 mm having an opening of 1.6m

Thickness of top slab = 350 mm having an opening of 1.2m

Base slab = (24-10.25)*4.5*4.5*0.5

LC2 - Critical Load case for reinforcement design of structural elements

Resultant pressure diagram

P1-P3 = P2-P4 = P1-P5 = P2-P6 = 68.68 kN/m2

4.0 Stability check of the chamber in sea bed

Passive resistance (P) = [Kp*(γsat-γsw)*0.8*0.8/2]*4.5

Table 11-6 Assume δ=200

Taking moment about A

Overturning moment(Mo) = 11.3*2.025

Factor of safety against = 868.73/22.34

Bearing pressure (Min) = P/A-M/Z

Check for floatation

Total up thrust force act on the = 10.25*4.5*3.5*3.25

F.O.S against floatation = 605.25/524.67

5.0 Analysis of the chamber

Pressure to the shell elements applied as area load perpendicular to the

Value of the concrete density entered as the submerged density

0.25mx0.25m 0.5m thk spring supports

6.1 Analysis results of wall 01 common for wall 03:

Maximum ultimate moment, Mx = 30.00 kNm/m

Maximum ultimate shear Vy = 80.00 kN/m

Maximum service moment, Mx = 20.00 kNm/m

Maximum ultimate moment, My = 38.00 kNm/m

Maximum ultimate shear, Vx = 115.00 kN/m

Maximum service moment, My = 27.00 kNm/m

### 6.2 Design of wall 01

Design for ultimate condition

Bowles Book Modulus of subgrade reaction (ks) = 40SFqa

Base slab = (24-10.25)4.54.5*0.5

Passive resistance (P) = [Kp(γsat-γsw)0.80.8/2]4.5

Total up thrust force act on the = 10.254.53.5*3.25

BS 8007 w = (3acrεm) / {1+2*[(acr-cmin)/(h-x)]} --- {1}

Cl A-3 BS Wmax = SmaxRα (T1+T2)

Cl A-3 BS Wmax = SmaxRα (T1+T2)

Wmax / Smax = 0.5(1010 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

BS 8007 w = (3acrεm) / {1+2*[(acr-cmin)/(h-x)]} --- {1}

Wmax / Smax = 0.5(1010 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

Cl A-3 BS Wmax = SmaxRα (T1+T2)

Wmax / Smax = 0.5(1010 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

BS 8007 w = (3acrεm) / {1+2*[(acr-cmin)/(h-x)]} --- {1}

Wmax / Smax = 0.5(1010 -6)*( 34 + 0 )

Cl A-3 BS Wmax = SmaxRα (T1+T2)

Wmax / Smax = 0.5(1010 -6)*( 34 + 0 )