NAME: Plasabas, Sean G.

COURSE AND YEAR LEVEL: BSME-1B

GROUP NUMBER: 5 DATE: September 6, 2019

Post Laboratory Report for Experiment 2

Calorimetry
I. Introduction

Heat and work are the two most common ways for a system to exchange energy with its surroundings. The
heat streams on our surroundings are resolved with a procedure called calorimetry. A calorimeter is made out
of an insulated container (enables us to assume that there is no heat transferred through the calorimeter walls),
thermometer, water, and the system to be studied. In this experiment, the objective is to validate the
assumption about insulation, the specific heat of an unknown metal, and to determine heat of neutralization
for an acid-base reaction and heat of the dissolution of salt.

II. Objectives

This experiment was conducted to: (1) demonstrate the concept of heat flow; (2) validate the assumption
about insulation through the use of calorimeter;(3) determine the specific heat of an unknown metal;
And (4) determine the heat flow of a chemical reaction expressed as the heat of reaction, ΔH.

III. Data / Findings

Validating the assumption about insulation

The heat transfer is expected to include just the water in the calorimeter, and the calorimeter device
isn't associated with the heat transfer. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of data in validating the assumption about insulation

Cold water Hot water
Mass (g) 68.0 g 47.89 g
T0 (°C) 31.2 ˚C 65.4 ˚C
TF (°C) 45.7 ˚C 45.7 ˚C
ΔT (°C) 13.7 ˚ C -23.3 ˚ C
Amount of heat, q (cal) 3894 4663
 Table 1 demonstrates that the mass of the hot and cold water is different and were determined by
electronic balance. The initial temperatures were measured, and various qualities were resolved and the final
temperature is resolved to be equivalent as it was estimated after the hot water was mixed with the cold water.

When cold water and hot water were mixed, the ΔTcold water was expected to be different from ΔThot water
because of their initial temperature. However, the qcold water was expected to be equal to the negative value of of
qhot water. This is because of the assumption that heat transfer occurs only between the two waters mixed and
that the heat lost by the hot water is gained by the cold water. Since the two waters of different initial
temperatures have different masses to begin with, it was expected to yield different values of ΔT to arrive at
equal magnitudes of q [1]

Identifying an Unknown Metal by Specific Heat

Table 2. Summary of data in determining the specific heat of an unknown metal.

Unknown metal Cold Water

Mass (g) 11.09 37.94
T0 (°C) 100 °C 31.8 ˚C
TF (°C) 34. 8 °C 34.8 °C
Amount of heat, q (cal) -579.40 586.78
Specific heat capacityof metal (cal · g-1 · °C-1) 0.81 cal g-1 oC-1
Approximate atomic weight of metal (g / mol) 7.41 g/mole
Probable Identity of the metal Aluminium (Al)
The unknown metal was the system while the water in the calorimeter was the surrounding. The ΔTmetal
and ΔTwater was expected to have different values when they are mixed because they have different masses and
their initially temperature are different. Moreover, the ΔT of the system must be different from that of the ΔT of
the surrounding.

The qmetal was assumed to be equal to the negative value of qwater based on the concept of heat flow
that qcalorimeter = -qreaction. The qmetal was identified and was utilized to in calculation for its specific heat.
The specific heat of the unknown metal Csmetal= 0.23 cal · g-1 · °C-1, utilized to calculate for the its atomic
mass through the concept of Pierre Dulong and Alexis Petit (1819).
Heat of neutralization and Heat of dissolution of a salt

Table 3. Summary of data in determining the heat of neutralization of an acid-base reactionΔH

Mass of neutralization mixture (g) 99.4 grams

ΔT (°C) 7.1°C
Heat released during reaction, q (cal) 3222.66 cal
Moles of NH3 (mol) 0.075 mol
Mass of NH4H2PO4 in the reaction mixture (g) 8.63 g
Moles of water formed during the reaction (mol) 0.075 mol
ΔHneutralization (cal/mol) 14,420 cal /mol
Table 3 shows the summary of data in determining the heat of neutralization of an acid-base reaction ΔH. The
ΔHneutralizationis determined by calculation using the equation of heat flow. This shows that the mixture of NH3 and
H3PO4 yields a heat of reaction of value ΔHneutralization =14,420 cal /mol.

Table 4. Summary of data in determining the heat of ammonium phosphate solution

Mass of NH4H2PO4 solution in the calorimeter (g) 105.19 g

ΔT (°C) -3.2°C
Heat released during dissolution of NH4H2PO4 (cal) -2000 cal
Moles of NH4H2PO4 (mol) 0.075 mol
ΔHsolution (cal/mol) -18760.29kcal/mol
Table 4 shows that the ΔHsolution is determined by calculation using the equation of heat flow. This shows that the
mixture of NH3 and H3PO4 yields a heat of reaction of ΔHsolution = -18760.29 kcal/mol

The molar change in enthalpy of the ammonium phosphate solution was expected to be equal to the negative
value of the heat of neutralizationbecause the two reactions produce indirect reaction. The blending of acid and
base ingests heat while creating the salts and water. While the dissolution of salts in water evolves the heat
from the salt to its surroundings as it dissolves in the water [1].

IV. Conclusion

In conclusion, the measure of heat lost by the surroundings is equivalent to the measure of heat
consumed by the system in negative value. Calorimetry can be utilized in distinguishing an unknown nonreactive
metal by specific heat which was identified Aluminum, the heat flow of a substanceexpressed as ΔH can be
distinguished utilizing calorimetry, and lastly the acid-base neutralization yields ΔH around equivalent to the
negative ΔH yield of disintegration of salt in water.
Reference

[1] W. Masterton, C. Hurley, J. Petersen, D. Sack and R. Gabler, Principles and Reactions: Chemistry for
Engineering Students, Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc., 2018, p. 192.