DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 8

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of sixty minutes, the grade 8 students should be able to:
1. define empirical formula and molecular formula
2. compare and contrast empirical formula from molecular formula
3. realize the importance of some substances in human life and nature
4. solve problems about empirical formula and molecular formula

II. SUBJECT MATTER

TOPIC: Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

REFERENCE:
MATERIALS: Slide deck, visual aids, chalk/white board marker
VALUING: Importance of succinic acid in metabolic reactions.

III. PROCEDURES

Teacher's Activity Students' Activity

A. DAILY ROUTINE
Prayer
Greetings
Checking of Attendance
Review
Let’s have a short review. What is our Ma’am our last topic yesterday is all
last topic yesterday? about percent composition.
Any idea to get the percent composition Ma’am percent by mass can be found by
in a given problem. dividing the mass of the element by the mass of
the compound and multiplying by 100.
Very good. Now that you already know
about percent composition. Let us continue our
discussion but before that let’s have a short
game.

B. MOTIVATION
In a group of five, each group will do the
given task. There are three stations to be done
to finish the task.
Are you ready to play the game? Yes, we are.

Station 1: A Maze Me
Station 2: Guest The Who.
Station 3: Who Am I?

C. ACTIVITY
In a group of three, analyse the give
problem and give what is asked. Do this for 5
minutes. (Activity sheet will be distributed).

D. ANALYSIS
Let us define first the empirical formula
and molecular formula and how do they differ.
 Kindly read the empirical formula.
Thank you.
This means that the number of atoms of
each element in the compound is not divisible
by any number or simply on its simplest form.
How about the molecular formula,
kindly read.
Thank you.
Molecular formula is sometimes called
as true formula. It is always a whole-number
multiple of the empirical formula.
Now let us know if your answers are
correct. So let’s start.
Kindly read the given problem.
Thank you.
Analyse the given problem. What are
the given? Kindly write it on the board.
What is/are the unknown?
Let us analyse the given, you are given a
percent composition. Assume that each percent
by mass represents the mass of the element in a
100.00-g sample.
What is the first step in getting the
empirical formula?
Anyone who can convert grams to
moles. Kindly write it on the board.
Empirical formula it is the simplest
atomic ratio of the elements present in the
compound.
Molecular formula specifies the actual
number of atoms of each element in one
molecule or formula unit of the substance.
Succinic acid is a substance produced by
lichens. Chemical analysis indicates it is
composed of 40.68% carbon, 5.08% hydrogen,
and 54.24% oxygen and has a molar mass of
118.1 g/mol. Determine the empirical and
molecular formulas for succinic acid.
Ma’am the givens are:
percent by mass C = 40.68% C
percent by mass H = 5.08% H
percent by mass O = 54.24% O
molar mass = 118.1 g/mol succinic acid
Ma’am the unknown are empirical
formula and molecular formula.
Ma’am we can use the percent by mass
as masses in grams, and convert grams to moles
by using a conversion factor.
1 mol C
40.68 g C × = 3.387 mol C
12.01 g C
1 mol H
5.08 g H × = 5.04 mol H
1.008 g H
1 mol O
52.24 g O × = 3.390 mol O
16.00 g O

3.387 mol C
Next, calculate the simplest ratio of = 1 mol C
moles of elements by dividing the moles of each 3.387
element by the smallest value in the calculated 5.04 mol H
mole ratio. = 1.49 mol H ≈ 1.5 mol H
3.387
3.390 mol O
= 1.001 mol O ≈ 1 mol O
3.387
2 × 1 mol C = 2 mol C
2 × 1.5 mol H = 3 mol H
Reminder, If the quotient has a 0.5
2 × 1 mol O = 2 mol O
(example 1.5, 2.5, 3.5) multiply all quotients by
Ma’am the simplest mole ratio is 2:3:2.
2 to obtain whole number.
Ma’am the empirical formula is C2H3O2.
 What is the simplest mole ratios now?
Write the formula.
We already have now the empirical
formula.
Unknown:
Empirical formula= C2H3O2
Molecular formula=?
First thing to do is to find the empirical
formula. We already have find our empirical
formula which is C2H3O2.
Calculate the empirical formula mass
using the molar mass of each element. Anyone C 2 × 12.01 g/mol = 24.02 g/mol C
who can solve it on the board. H 3 × 1.008 g/mol = 3.024 g/mol H
O 2 × 15.99 g/mol = 32.00 g/mol O
59.04 g/mol
Ma’am the molar mass C2H3O2 = (24.02
g + 3.024 g + 32.00 g) = 59.04 g/mol.
What is the total the mass values.

Divide the experimentally determined

molar mass of succinic acid by the mass of the
empirical formula to determine n.

molar mass of succinic acid

n= 118.1 g/mol
molar mass of C2 H3 O2 n= = 2.000
59.04 g/mol
Using this formula calculate the
multiplier to get the molecular formula. On the
board please. 2 ×(C2 H3 O2 )= C4 H6 O4
The molecular formula for succinic acid
Multiply the subscripts in the empirical is C4H6O4.
formula by 2 to determine the actual subscripts
in the molecular formula.

Answers may vary.

E. ABSTRACTION
Let us have a short recap. Again what is
the difference between empirical and molecular Answers may vary.
formula.
Anyone who can discuss in front of the
class on how to get the empirical formula. Answers may vary.

How about the molecular formula?

Answers may vary.
F. APPLICATION
If you encounter a substance
specifically a succinic acid, a kind of plant that
attached from a rock, what would happen when
you detached this substance? What would be its
effect to the environment?

G. ASSESSSMENT
Directions: Solve the following problem. This
will enhance your level of problem solving
skills.
 1. Determine the empirical formula of a
compound containing 20.23 %
aluminum and 79.77 % chlorine.

2. The mineral ilmenite is usually mined

and processed for titanium, a strong,
light, and flexible metal. A sample of
ilmenite contains 5.41 g of iron, 4.64 g
of titanium, and 4.65 g of oxygen.
Determine the empirical formula for
ilmenite.

3. Methyl acetate is a solvent commonly

used in some paints, inks, and
adhesives. Determine the empirical
formula for methyl acetate, which has
the following chemical analysis: 48.64%
carbon, 8.16% hydrogen, and 43.20%
oxygen.

IV: AGREEMENT
Directions: Study the principles and rules in
balancing chemical equations then answer the
following problem.
1. Ca + HCl CaCl2 + H2
2. Ag + O2 Ag2O
3. KClO KCl + O2
4. Al + O2 Al2O3
5. Fe + O2 Fe2O3