What is fabric?

Manufactured assembly of interlacing or interloping fibers, filaments, and/or yarns having

substantial surface (planar) area in relation to its thickness, and adequate mechanical strength to give it a cohesive
structure.Most fabrics are knitted or woven, but some are produced by non- woven processes such as braiding,
felting, and twisting.We are generally using weaving and knitting to make fabric. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/3/What+is+fabric.jpg" width="800" align="left" alt="What is
fabric" title="Manufactured assembly of interlacing or interloping fibers, filaments, and/or yarns having
substantial surface (planar) area in relation to its thickness, and adequate mechanical strength to give it a cohesive
structure. Most fabrics are knitted or woven, but some are produced by non- woven processes such as braiding,
felting, and twisting. We are generally using weaving and knitting to make fabric.">

4 What is knitting and knit fabric?

Knitting is a method by which thread or yarn is used to create a cloth.Knitted fabric consists of a number of
consecutive rows of loops, called stitches.As each row progresses, a new loop is pulled through an existing
loop.The active stitches are held on a needle until another loop can be passed through them.This process
eventually results in a fabric, often used for blankets or garments.Fabrics made from only one set of yarns, all
running in the same direction. Some knits have their yarns running along the length of the fabric, while others
have their yarns running across the width of the fabric.Knit fabrics are held together by looping the yarns around
each other. <img src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/4/What+is+knitting+and+knit+fabric.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="What is knitting and knit fabric" title="Knitting is a method by which thread or
yarn is used to create a cloth. Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of loops, called stitches.
As each row progresses, a new loop is pulled through an existing loop. The active stitches are held on a needle
until another loop can be passed through them. This process eventually results in a fabric, often used for blankets
or garments. Fabrics made from only one set of yarns, all running in the same direction. Some knits have their
yarns running along the length of the fabric, while others have their yarns running across the width of the fabric.
Knit fabrics are held together by looping the yarns around each other.">

5 Types of knitting There are two types of knitting

Weft knittingWarp knittingWeft knitting: Weft knitting is a method of fabric forming in which loops are formed
in a horizontal way from a single yarn & intermeshing of loops takes place in a circular & flat from on across
wise basis.Warp knitting: Warp knitting is a method of fabric forming in which the loops are formed in a vertical
way along the length of fabric from each warp yarn & intermeshing of loops takes place in a flat from of length
wise basis. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/5/Types+of+knitting+There+are+two+types+of+knitting.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Types of knitting There are two types of knitting" title="Weft knitting. Warp
knitting. Weft knitting: Weft knitting is a method of fabric forming in which loops are formed in a horizontal
way from a single yarn &amp; intermeshing of loops takes place in a circular &amp; flat from on across wise
basis. Warp knitting: Warp knitting is a method of fabric forming in which the loops are formed in a vertical
way along the length of fabric from each warp yarn &amp; intermeshing of loops takes place in a flat from of
length wise basis.">

6 Classification of weft knitting machine

According to the frame design & needle bed arrangement.Circular knitting machineFlat knitting machine <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/6/Classification+of+weft+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Classification of weft knitting machine" title="According to the frame design
&amp; needle bed arrangement. Circular knitting machine. Flat knitting machine.">

7 Classification of weft knitting machine

According to the no. of needle bed.Single jersey circular knitting machineDouble jersey circular knitting
machine <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/7/Classification+of+weft+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Classification of weft knitting machine" title="According to the no. of needle bed.
Single jersey circular knitting machine. Double jersey circular knitting machine.">

8 Classification of weft knitting machine

According to the end product of the weft knitting machine.Fabric machineGarments length machine <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/8/Classification+of+weft+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Classification of weft knitting machine" title="According to the end product of
the weft knitting machine. Fabric machine. Garments length machine.">

9 Classification of weft knitting machine

According to the basic structure of the weft knittingPlan or single jersey circular knitting machineRib flat or
circular knitting machineInterlock flat or circular knitting machinePurl or link-link flat or circular knitting
machine <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/9/Classification+of+weft+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Classification of weft knitting machine" title="According to the basic structure
of the weft knitting. Plan or single jersey circular knitting machine. Rib flat or circular knitting machine.
Interlock flat or circular knitting machine. Purl or link-link flat or circular knitting machine.">

10 Classification of weft knitting machine

According to the type of needle use.Knitting machine equipped with latch needleCircular knitting machineOne
needle bed (Single jersey knitting machine)Two needle bed (Rib or interlock knitting machine)Double (Purl
knitting machine)Flatbed knitting machineOne needle bedTwo needle bed (V-bed flat knitting machine)Knitting
machine equipped with spring breaded needleStraight bar frame <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/10/Classification+of+weft+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Classification of weft knitting machine" title="According to the type of needle
use. Knitting machine equipped with latch needle. Circular knitting machine. One needle bed (Single jersey
knitting machine) Two needle bed (Rib or interlock knitting machine) Double (Purl knitting machine) Flatbed
knitting machine. One needle bed. Two needle bed (V-bed flat knitting machine) Knitting machine equipped
with spring breaded needle. Straight bar frame.">

11 Feature of single jersey circular knitting machine

Single jersey circular knitting machine has normally rotating (clockwise) cylindrical one set of needle
bed.Generally latch needles are used.Generally machine needles gauge is 24. It can be various from 10 to 36 for
producing finer or coarser fabric.For Single Jersey machine, holding down sinker are used, one between every
needle space.Latch needle cylinder & sinker ring revolve through the stationary knitting cam.For single jersey
machine, sinker trick ring is simply & directly attached to the outside top of needle cylinder.Stationary yarn
feeders are situated at regular intervals around the circumference of the rotating cylinder. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/11/Feature+of+single+jersey+circular+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Feature of single jersey circular knitting machine" title="Single jersey circular
knitting machine has normally rotating (clockwise) cylindrical one set of needle bed. Generally latch needles are
used. Generally machine needles gauge is 24. It can be various from 10 to 36 for producing finer or coarser
fabric. For Single Jersey machine, holding down sinker are used, one between every needle space. Latch needle
cylinder &amp; sinker ring revolve through the stationary knitting cam. For single jersey machine, sinker trick
ring is simply &amp; directly attached to the outside top of needle cylinder. Stationary yarn feeders are situated
at regular intervals around the circumference of the rotating cylinder.">

12 Feature of rib circular knitting machine

In rib circular knitting machine, there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical cylinder
& other set of needles are mounted on horizontal dial.The cylinder and dial needles are rib of gaiting (the dial
needles are midway between the cylinder needles).Both cylinder & dial needle bed should have two types of
needle (short & long needles).Generally needle gauge is 18. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/12/Feature+of+rib+circular+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Feature of rib circular knitting machine" title="In rib circular knitting machine,
there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical cylinder &amp; other set of needles are
mounted on horizontal dial. The cylinder and dial needles are rib of gaiting (the dial needles are midway between
the cylinder needles). Both cylinder &amp; dial needle bed should have two types of needle (short &amp; long
needles). Generally needle gauge is 18.">

13 Feature of interlock circular knitting machine

In interlock circular knitting machine, there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical
cylinder & other set of needles are mounted on horizontal dial.The cylinder and dial needles are interlock of
gaiting (the dial needles are face to face between the cylinder needles).Both cylinder & dial needle bed should
have two types of needle (short & long needles).Generally needle gauge is 20. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/13/Feature+of+interlock+circular+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Feature of interlock circular knitting machine" title="In interlock circular knitting
machine, there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical cylinder &amp; other set of
needles are mounted on horizontal dial. The cylinder and dial needles are interlock of gaiting (the dial needles
are face to face between the cylinder needles). Both cylinder &amp; dial needle bed should have two types of
needle (short &amp; long needles). Generally needle gauge is 20.">

14 Brand & origin for circular knitting machine

OrizioItalyFukahamaTaiwanTerrotGermanyTeinyangWell KnitFukaharaJapanMayer &
cieHanmaChinaHupterJiunn longMasaDong hoJinharPailungLiskyTayoZentexSingapore <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/14/Brand+%26+origin+for+circular+knitting+machine.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Brand &amp; origin for circular knitting machine" title="Orizio. Italy. Fukahama.
Taiwan. Terrot. Germany. Teinyang. Well Knit. Fukahara. Japan. Mayer &amp; cie. Hanma. China. Hupter.
Jiunn long. Masa. Dong ho. Jinhar. Pailung. Lisky. Tayo. Zentex. Singapore.">
15 Main parts of knitting machine & function
NeedleNeedle is a tiny hocked elements used for loop formation.Needle used for knitting are three typesLatch
needleSpring bearded needleCompound needleFunction:To feed yarn.Loop formation.To hold the old loop.
<img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/15/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Needle. Needle is a tiny
hocked elements used for loop formation. Needle used for knitting are three types. Latch needle. Spring bearded
needle. Compound needle. Function: To feed yarn. Loop formation. To hold the old loop.">

16 Main parts of knitting machine & function

Cam (knit, tuck, miss)Cam converts the rotary machine drive into suitable reciprocating action for the needles
or other elementsEach needle action is obtained by means of cams acting on the needle bedThree types of cam.
(knit, tuck, miss)Help to produce knit, tuck & miss loop. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/16/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Cam (knit, tuck, miss)
Cam converts the rotary machine drive into suitable reciprocating action for the needles or other elements. Each
needle action is obtained by means of cams acting on the needle bed. Three types of cam. (knit, tuck, miss) Help
to produce knit, tuck &amp; miss loop.">

17 Main parts of knitting machine & function

SinkerSinker is a thin metal plate which is placed at right angle between the adjoining needles.Sinker are tree
typesHolding downLoop-pullingKnock-overSinker is used in single jersey circular knitting
machine.Function:Loop formation.Holding down.Knock over the surface. Where its upper surface or belly
supports the old loop as the new loop is down through it. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/17/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Sinker. Sinker is a thin
metal plate which is placed at right angle between the adjoining needles. Sinker are tree types. Holding down.
Loop-pulling. Knock-over. Sinker is used in single jersey circular knitting machine. Function: Loop formation.
Holding down. Knock over the surface. Where its upper surface or belly supports the old loop as the new loop
is down through it.">

18 Main parts of knitting machine & function

DialDial is a upper steel needle bed used in double knit machine.In the groves of dial the needles are mounted
horizontally & are also to move radially in & out by their dial cam sinker used here.Dial is used in double jersey
(rib or interlock) circular knitting machine <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/18/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Dial. Dial is a upper steel
needle bed used in double knit machine. In the groves of dial the needles are mounted horizontally &amp; are
also to move radially in &amp; out by their dial cam sinker used here. Dial is used in double jersey (rib or
interlock) circular knitting machine.">

19 Main parts of knitting machine & function

CreelTo hold the cone holder.Cone holderTo hold the package.Plastic tubeTo pass the yarn.Positive feederTo
storage the yarn.To pass the specific amount of yarn by driving unit.Storage unitTo storage the yarn in storing
unit. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/19/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Creel. To hold the cone
holder. Cone holder. To hold the package. Plastic tube. To pass the yarn. Positive feeder. To storage the yarn.
To pass the specific amount of yarn by driving unit. Storage unit. To storage the yarn in storing unit.">

20 Main parts of knitting machine & function

Indicator lightTo indicate any problem of machine.Magnetic type tensionerTo create tension in feed
yarnCylinderTo hold the needle.FeederTo feed the yarn to needleCam boxTo hold the cam. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/20/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Indicator light. To indicate
any problem of machine. Magnetic type tensioner. To create tension in feed yarn. Cylinder. To hold the needle.
Feeder. To feed the yarn to needle. Cam box. To hold the cam.">

21 Main parts of knitting machine & function

Sinker ringTo hold the sinker.Fabric spreaderTo change the circular to flat shape of fabric.Fabric take down
rollerTo take down the fabric.SensorTo identify the breakage of yarn.Dust removing fanTo remove the
dust.Needle detectorTo identify the needle breakage. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/21/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Sinker ring. To hold the
sinker. Fabric spreader. To change the circular to flat shape of fabric. Fabric take down roller. To take down the
fabric. Sensor. To identify the breakage of yarn. Dust removing fan. To remove the dust. Needle detector. To
identify the needle breakage.">

22 Main parts of knitting machine & function

VDQ (Variable diameter for quality) pulleyTo control the GSM.It gives motion to the positive feederDiameter
of VDQ ↑ ↔ Speed of Tooth belt ↑ ↔ Speed of yarn feeder ↑ ↔ Loop Length ↑ ↔ GSM ↓Diameter of VDQ ↓
↔ Speed of Tooth belt ↓ ↔ Speed of yarn feeder ↓ ↔ Loop Length ↓ ↔ GSM ↑QAP (Quality Adjustable pulley)
pulleyTo adjust tooth belt tension.To adjust the quality of fabric. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/22/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="VDQ (Variable diameter
for quality) pulley. To control the GSM. It gives motion to the positive feeder. Diameter of VDQ ↑ ↔ Speed of
Tooth belt ↑ ↔ Speed of yarn feeder ↑ ↔ Loop Length ↑ ↔ GSM ↓ Diameter of VDQ ↓ ↔ Speed of Tooth belt
↓ ↔ Speed of yarn feeder ↓ ↔ Loop Length ↓ ↔ GSM ↑ QAP (Quality Adjustable pulley) pulley. To adjust
tooth belt tension. To adjust the quality of fabric.">

23 Main parts of knitting machine & function

Toothed beltTo transfer the motion from VDQ pulley to positive feederMotorTo produce the motion the
machine.Lubricating systemTo pass the lubricating oil in the machine. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/23/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Toothed belt. To transfer
the motion from VDQ pulley to positive feeder. Motor. To produce the motion the machine. Lubricating system.
To pass the lubricating oil in the machine.">

24 Main parts of knitting machine & function

SensorTo identify the breakage of yarn.Cam for sinkerTo more the sinker is machine.Yarn guideTo guide the
yarn. <img
src="//slideplayer.com/slide/3620625/13/images/24/Main+parts+of+knitting+machine+%26+function.jpg"
width="800" align="left" alt="Main parts of knitting machine &amp; function" title="Sensor. To identify the
breakage of yarn. Cam for sinker. To more the sinker is machine. Yarn guide. To guide the yarn.">