and the supporting built infrastructure has affected both urban environments and also on areas which surround urban areas. These include semi or 'peri-urban' environments that fringe cities as well as agricultural and natural landscapes. Scientists are now developing ways to measure and understand the effects of urbanization on human and environmental health.
By considering urban areas as part of a broader
ecological system, scientists can investigate how urban landscapes function and how they affect other landscapes with which they interact. In this context, urban environments are affected by their surrounding environment but also affect that environment. Knowing this may provide clues as to which alternative development options will lead to the best overall environmental outcome. CSE's urban ecosystem research is focused on: •Understanding how cities work as ecological system •Developing sustainable approaches to development of city fringe areas that reduce negative impact on surrounding environments •Developing approaches to urban design that provide for health and opportunity for citizens. When people think of ecology, they usually imagine studies out in the country. The next thing they think of is studies involving the relationship of plants and animals to one another. They also imagine studies that show how organisms relate to the physical environment -- air, water, and soil. People and cities usually don't come to mind when ecology is mentioned. ECONOMIC VALUES Direct or indirect monetary values provided by urban ecosystems, e.g. avoided costs for air pollution reduction by technical solutions or property damage by natural barriers to environmental extremes.
ECOLOGICAL VALUES Environmental outputs, which
have value for humans, e.g. air purification, carbon storage and sequestration, water filtration, genetic diversity SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES Moral, spiritual, aesthetic, ethic, and values associated to urban biodiversity and ecosystem services, including emotional, affective and symbolic views attached to urban nature, as well as local ecological knowledge. HEALTH VALUES Health benefits obtained from urban green spaces, consisting of reduction of air pollution, as well as improved water quality, and mental health.
INSURANCE VALUES The contribution of green infrastructure
and ecosystem services to increased resilience and reduced vulnerability to shocks, such as flooding and landslides.
Relationship Between Planned and Unplanned Land Uses and Their Implications On Future Development. A Case Study of Industrial Division in Mbale Municipality
A Correlational Study Between Adjustment To Prison and Transition To Community Life of Female Inmates at The Correctional Institution For Women in Mandaluyong City