Chapter 6

DESIGN OF BEAMS, COLUMNS, SALBS AND FOOTINGS

6.1 BEAM DESIGN USING IS456:2000 AND IS13920:1993

To illustrate the design procedure a flexure member 17 has been considered. The design forces have
been taken as the maximum values from Table 4.1 Load Combinations.

Clauses of IS13920:2016:

Clause No. Description Remarks

Cl 5.1 Design and construction of RCC buildings shall be

governed by provisions of IS456:2000 except as modified by this code. OK

Cl 5.2 For all buildings which are more than 3 storeys in height, the minimum

grade of concrete shall preferably be M20. (We have used M20) OK

Cl 5.3 Steel reinforcement of grade Fe415 or less shall only be used OK

Cl 6.1 Factored axial stress less than 0.1𝑓𝑐𝑘 . OK

Cl 6.1.1 The member shall preferably have a width-to-depth ratio of more than

0.3.( b/D=300/450=0.67) OK

Cl 6.1.2 Width should not be less than 200mm.(b=300mm) OK

Cl 6.1.3 Depth should not be greater than ¼ of the clear span.

( 1/4Χ(4600-150-150))=1075mm>450mm OK

Table 6.1: Maximum sagging and hogging moment acting on each beam
Beam Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
No sagging hogging sagging hogging sagging hogging
moment moment moment moment moment moment
(kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
Left section Left section Mid section Mid section Right section Right section

17 146.79 191.9 53.375 0 135.294 211.104

39
 18 146.26 192.884 0 20.77 146.25 192.88

19 135.3 211.1 53.4 0 146.79 192

20 114.7 166.26 53.44 0 105.44 181.73

21 118.26 160.33 0 17.142 118.24 160.27

22 105.44 181.73 53.44 0 114.7 166.29

23 77.48 128.32 51.18 0 67.951 144.26

24 80.77 122.8 0 18 80.75 122.84

25 67.951 144.26 51.2 0 77.48 128.32

26 25.3 51.44 36.3 0 14.658 69.13

27 23.27 54 0 13.927 23.38 54.86

28 14.658 69.13 36.3 0 25.3 51.44

Design of longitudinal reinforcement in beam no.17

To find reinforcement requirement at left section due to hogging moment 191.898 kN-m

Design moment,𝑀𝑢 =191.88 kN-m

b=300 mm

D=450 mm

Assuming 20mm diameter bars with 25mm cover for mild exposure condition (Table16,IS456:2000).

20
Effective cover, dʹ = 25 + = 35 mm
2

Effective depth, d = D - dʹ= 450-35= 415 mm

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 =0.138(20)(300)(4152 )= 142.602 kN-m

So, here we see that 𝑀𝑢 > 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , means the section shall be doubly reinforced.

From Table 50 in SP16:1980

𝑀 191.898×106 𝑑′ 35
Corresponding to 𝑏𝑑𝑢2 = = 3.71 ≈ 3.70 and = 415 = 0.084 ≈ 0.1,
300×4152 𝑑

40
we get 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 1.245%and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.304%

To find the reinforcement requirement at left section due to sagging moment 146.79 kN-m

𝑀𝑢 =146.79 kN-m

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 =0.138(20)(300)(4152 )= 142.602 kN-m

Here we see that 𝑀𝑢 > 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , means the section shall be doubly reinforced.

From Table 50 in SP16:1980

𝑀 146.79×106 𝑑′ 35
Corresponding to 𝑏𝑑𝑢2 = = 2.84 and = 415 = 0.084 ≈ 0.1,
300×4152 𝑑

We get 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0.0252% and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.98%

So, at this section we will provide maximum top reinforcement required and maximum bottom
reinforcement required. For hogging we have got 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 1.245% ; 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.304% and for
sagging we have got 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0.0252% and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.98%.

We will provide 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 1.245% and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.98%.

In terms of area,

1.245
Area of steel required at top = × 300 × 415 = 1550.025 𝑚𝑚2
100

0.98
Area of steel required at bottom = × 300 × 415 = 1220.1 𝑚𝑚2
100

1550.025
Number of bars required at top = 𝜋 = 4.934 ≈ 5 bars
×202
4

1220.1
Number of bars required at bottom = 𝜋 = 3.886 ≈ 4 bars
×202
4

Clause No. Description Remarks

Cl 6.2.1)a Top and bottom reinforcement shall consist of atleast 2 bars

throughout member length OK

0.24×√𝑓𝑐𝑘
Cl 6.2.1)b Tension steel ratio 𝑝𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ ( 𝑝𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.98>0.258) OK
𝑓𝑦

Cl 6.2.2 Maximum steel ratio 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.5% ( 𝑝 = 1.245% < 2.5%) OK

41
To find reinforcement requirement at right section due to hogging moment 211.104 kN-m

Design moment,𝑀𝑢 =211.104 kN-m

b=300 mm

D=450 mm

Assuming 20mm diameter bars with 25mm cover for mild exposure condition (Table16,IS456:2000).

20
Effective cover, dʹ = 25 + = 35 mm
2

Effective depth, d = D - dʹ= 450-35= 415 mm

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 =0.138(20)(300)(4152 )= 142.602 kN-m

So, here we see that 𝑀𝑢 > 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , means the section shall be doubly reinforced.

From Table 50 in SP16:1980

𝑀 211.104×106 𝑑′ 35
Corresponding to 𝑏𝑑𝑢2 = = 4.086 ≈ 4.1 and = 415 = 0.084 ≈ 0.1,
300×4152 𝑑

we get 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 1.368% and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.433%

To find the reinforcement requirement at right section due to sagging moment 135.294 kN-m

𝑀𝑢 = 135.294 kN-m

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 =0.138(20)(300)(4152 )= 142.602 kN-m

Here we see that 𝑀𝑢 < 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , means the section shall be singly reinforced.

From Table 2 in SP16:1980

𝑀𝑢 135.294×106 𝑑′ 35
Corresponding to = = 2.618 ≈ 2.62 and = = 0.084 ≈ 0.1,
𝑏𝑑2 300×4152 𝑑 415

We get 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0% and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.892%

So, at this section we will provide maximum top reinforcement required and maximum bottom
reinforcement required. For hogging we have got 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 1.368% ; 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.433% and for
sagging we have got 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0 % and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.892%.

We will provide 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 1.368% and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.892%.

42
In terms of area,

1.368
Area of steel required at top = × 300 × 415 = 1703.16 𝑚𝑚2
100

0.892
Area of steel required at bottom = × 300 × 415 = 1110.54 𝑚𝑚2
100

1703.16
Number of bars required at top = 𝜋 = 5.424 ≈ 6 bars
×202
4

1110.54
Number of bars required at bottom = 𝜋 = 3.536 ≈ 4 bars
×202
4

Clause No. Description Remarks

Cl 6.2.1)a Top and bottom reinforcement shall consist of atleast 2 bars

throughout member length OK

0.24×√𝑓𝑐𝑘
Cl 6.2.1)b Tension steel ratio 𝑝𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ ( 𝑝𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.892>0.258) OK
𝑓𝑦

Cl 6.2.2 Maximum steel ratio 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.5% ( 𝑝 = 1.368% < 2.5%) OK

To find reinforcement requirement at mid section due to sagging moment 53.375 kN-m

𝑀𝑢 = 53.375 kN-m

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 =0.138(20)(300)(4152 )= 142.602 kN-m

Here we see that 𝑀𝑢 < 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , means the section shall be singly reinforced.

From Table 2 in SP16:1980

𝑀 53.375×106 𝑑′ 35
Corresponding to 𝑏𝑑𝑢2 = = 1.033and = 415 = 0.084 ≈ 0.1,
300×4152 𝑑

We get 𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0% and 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.306%

Hogging moment in each load case at mid section is zero. So we will just provide minimum
reinforcement required.

0.306
Area of steel required at bottom = × 300 × 415 = 380.97 𝑚𝑚2
100

43
 380.97
Number of bars required at bottom = 𝜋 = 1.21 ≈ 2 bars.
×202
4

Number of bars required at top= 2 bars(Clause 6.2.1a)

Design of shear reinforcements

4.6
𝑉𝑎𝐷+𝐿 = 𝑉𝑏𝐷+𝐿 = 1.2 × (7.74 + 19.065) × = 73.982 𝑘𝑁
2

For left end of the beam :

From Table50, SP16

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐴,ℎ
(i) 𝑝𝑡 = 1.26%, (ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 3.75 implies that 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 =193.75 kN-m
𝑏𝑑2
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐴,𝑠
(ii) 𝑝𝑏 = 1.01% , (𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 2.94 implies that 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 =151.9 kN-m
𝑏𝑑2

For right end of the beam:

From Table50, SP16

𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐵,ℎ
(i) 𝑝𝑡 = 1.51% , (ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 4.56 implies that 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 =235.6 kN-m
𝑏𝑑2
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐵,𝑠
(ii) 𝑝𝑏 = 1.01% , (𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 2.94 implies that 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 =151.9 kN-m
𝑏𝑑2

For sway to right,

𝐴,𝑠 𝐵,ℎ
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑉𝑢,𝑎 = 𝑉𝑎𝐷+𝐿 − 1.4 [ ] = −52.18𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐴𝐵

𝐴,𝑠 𝐵,ℎ
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑉𝑢,𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎𝐷+𝐿 + 1.4 [ ] = 200.145𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐴𝐵

For sway to left

𝐴,ℎ 𝐵,𝑠
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑉𝑢,𝑏 = 𝑉𝑏𝐷+𝐿 − 1.4 [ ] = −38.56𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐴𝐵

𝐴,ℎ 𝐵,𝑠
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑉𝑢,𝑎 = 𝑉𝑏𝐷+𝐿 + 1.4 [ ] = 186.52𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐴𝐵

𝑉𝑢,𝑎 = 186.52kN

44
𝑉𝑢,𝑏 = 200.145kN

200.145×103
𝜏𝑐 = 0.622𝑁/𝑚𝑚2(Table19,IS456:2000); 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.8𝑁/𝑚𝑚2; 𝜏𝑣 = = 1.61 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
300×415

𝑉𝑢,𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 200.145 − 0.622 × 300 × 415 × 10−3 = 122.706𝑘𝑁

Using 8mm two legged stirrups,

𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑉𝑢,𝑠 122.706 × 103

= = = 0.819
𝑠𝑣 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑑 0.87 × 415 × 415

𝜋
𝐴𝑠𝑣 2 × 4 × 82
𝑠𝑣 = = = 122.686𝑚𝑚
0.819 0.819

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 should not be greater than (d/4 = 415/4 = 103.75 )or (8Φ=8Χ20=160) (Clause 6.3.5, IS13920)

So,we provide 8mm two legged stirrups at a gap of 100mm upto a distance 2d(=0.83m) from
support. Beyond that, a gap of 200mm is provided between the stirrups.

Table 6.2: Reinforcement provided in each beam

Beam At mid- At mid-
At left Section At right Section
section Section
Num.
Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
Reinforc reinforce reinforceme reinforceme Reinforcement reinforcement
ement ment nt nt
17 5-20 φ 4-20 φ 2-20 φ 2-20 φ 6-20 φ 4-20 φ
18 4-20 φ 3-20 φ 4-20 φ 3-20 φ
2-16 φ 2-16 φ 2-16 φ 2-16 φ 2-16 φ 2-16 φ
19 6-20 φ 4-20 φ 2-20 φ 2-20 φ 5-20 φ 4-20 φ
20 5-20 φ 3-20 φ 2-20 φ 2-20 φ 5-20 φ 3-20 φ
21 5-20 φ 3-20 φ 2-20 φ 2-20 φ 5-20 φ 3-20 φ
22 5-20 φ 3-20 φ 2-20 φ 2-20 φ 5-20 φ 3-20 φ
23 6-16 φ 3-16 φ 2-16 φ 2-16 φ 6-16 φ 3-16 φ
24 5-16 φ 3-16 φ 2-16 φ 2-16 φ 5-16 φ 3-16 φ
25 6-16 φ 3-16 φ 2-16 φ 2-16 φ 6-16 φ 3-16 φ

45
 26 4-12 φ 3-12 φ 3-12 φ 3-12 φ 5-12 φ 3-12 φ
27 4-12 φ 3-12 φ 2-12 φ 3-12 φ 4-12 φ 3-12 φ
28 5-12 φ 3-12 φ 3-12 φ 3-12 φ 4-12 φ 3-12 φ

Figure 6.1: Reinforcement detailing for beam 17,18 and 19

For beam 17:

Fig. 6.2: Beam section Fig. 6.3: Beam section Fig. 6.4: Beam section
at section A-A at section B-B at section C-C

46
 For beam 18:

Fig. 6.5: Beam section Fig. 6.6: Beam section Fig. 6.7: Beam section
at section A’-A’ at section B’-B’ at section C’-C’

6.2 DESIGN OF COLUMN

6.2.1 Design of column 1

We assume our column size to be 300mm ×300 mm for design.

Maximum axial load, 𝑃𝑢 = 435kN (Table 4.1)

Maximum moment,𝑀𝑢 = 101kNm (Table 4.1)

Length of the column = 4.0 m

𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 N/mm2

𝑓𝑦 = 415 N/mm2

Nominal cover =50mm

Diameter of bars used =20mm

Effective length = 0.65×4.0 = 2.6 m (Table 28, IS 456:2000)

𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 2600
𝐷
= 300
= 8.67< 12

Hence it is a short column.

47
Calculation for eccentricity,

Mu = P u × e

101×106 = 435×103× e

e = 232.18 mm

𝐿 𝐷
𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 500 + 30 (Cl. 25.4, IS 456:2000)

4000 300
= +
500 30

= 18 mm < e

e> 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛

Hence, it is to be designed as short column subjected to axial loading and bending.

𝑃𝑢 435×103
= = 0.24
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 20×300×300

𝑀𝑢 101×106
2
= = 0.19
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 20×300×3002

Effective depth, d= 300-50 = 250 mm

Effective cover d’ = 300-250 =50 mm

𝑑′ 50
Now, = 300 = 0.16
𝐷

Reinforcement distribution
𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢
Referring to chart 33 of SP16, for = 0.24, = 0.19
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2

𝑝𝑡
= 0.12
𝑓𝑐𝑘

𝑝𝑡 = 2.4 %

Calculating area of steel,

𝑝𝑡 .𝑏𝐷 2.4×300×300
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = = = 2160 mm2
100 100

Providing bars of dia. 20 mm

𝜋
Area of one bar, Aφ = 4 ×202= 314.16 mm2

48
 2160
Numbers of bar required = 314.16 = 6.87

So we have to provide 8 nos. of bars

Total area of steel to be provided

𝐴𝑠𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 8×314.16 = 2513.28 mm2

Ductile design and detailing of column 1

𝑃 435×1000
(i) Here, axial stress = 𝑏𝐷𝑢 = = 4.83> 0.1𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.1×20 =2 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
300×300

Hence, IS 13920: 2016 specifications will be applicable.

(ii) Minimum dimension of the member ≮ 15 ɸ(=15Χ20= 300 mm), [Cl. 7.1.1, IS 13920: 2016]

Here D = 300 mm. Hence. OK.

(iii) Shortest cross-section dimension /perpendicular dimension ≮0.4𝑓𝑐𝑘 [Cl. 7.1.2, IS 13920: 2016]

300
i.e.300 = 1 ≮0.45, Hence, OK.

Design of lateral ties

For column 1 at node 1
Sway to right

Hogging moment resistance of beam heading in to the left face of the column at node 1 is zero and
sagging moment of resistance heading into right face of the column is zero. Hence factored shear
force becomes equal to zero.

Sway to left

Similarly, at node 1 for left sway the factored shear force is zero.

From the load combinationsTable 5-2the maximum shear force at node 1 of the column is 45.55kN.

Hence, factored shear force acting at node 1 is 45.5kN.

100×𝐴𝑠𝑐
Percentage longitudinal reinforcement, Pt =
𝑏𝑑

100×2513.28
= = 3.15 %
300×250

49
Design shear strength, τc= 0.82 N/mm2 (from Table 19 of IS 456: 2000)

Shear capacity, 𝑉𝑐 = τcbd

0.82×300×250
= = 61.5kN
1000

As the shear capacity is more than the factored shear force shear reinforcement has to be designed
for nominal shear force. [Cl. 26.5.1.6, IS 456: 2000]

Assume dia. of shear reinforcement 8 mm. (from Cl 7.4.2 (a) of IS 13920:2016)

𝜋
Area of two legged stirrups, 𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 2× 4 ×82 = 100.53 mm2

As per IS 456: 2000 clause 26.5.3.2.c spacing shall be lesser of

(a) Least lateral dimension of compression member = 300 mm.

(b) 16×smallest diameter of longitudinal reinforcement bar to be tied = 16×16 = 256 mm

(c) 300 mm (according to clause 7.4.2. (b) IS 13920:2016)

0.87𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑓𝑦 0.87×415×100.53
𝑠𝑣 = = = 302.5 mm
0.4×𝑏 0.4×300

So provide 250 mm spacing.

Hence, provide of lateral ties of 8mmdia. @ 250 mm c/c.

For column 1 at node 2

Sway to right

For node no 2, the beam heading into the column is 17.

Hogging moment of resistance heading in to the left face of the column at node 2 is zero (as there is
no beam heading into column at node 2)

Sagging moment of resistance heading into right face of the column is 313.75 kNm as per Table 6-8-
a

Factored shear force,

𝑏𝐿 𝑏𝑅
𝑉𝑢 = 1.4[(𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 )/ℎ𝑠𝑡 ]

Where,
50
  𝑏𝐿
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = Limiting moment of resistance of beam framing into column from the left
 𝑏𝑅
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = Limiting moment of resistance of beam framing into column from the right
 ℎ𝑠𝑡 is the storey height.

0+69.375
𝑉𝑢 = 1.4[ ]= 24.28kN
4

Sway to left

For node no 2, the beam heading into the column is 17.

Hogging moment of resistance heading in to the left face of the column at node 2 is zero (as there is
no beam heading into column at node 2)

Sagging moment of resistance heading into right face of the column is 381.73 kNm as per Table 6-8
a

Factored shear force,

0+50.112
𝑉𝑢 = 1.4[ ]
4

= 17.54 kN

Maximum of left sway vs right sway is 24.28 kN.

From Table 5-2 the maximumshear force at node 2 is 45.5kN.

Hence factored shear force at node 2 is 152.69 kN.

100×𝐴𝑠𝑐
Percentage of steel Pt =
𝑏𝑑

100×2513.28
= = 3.15 %
300×250

Design shear strength, τc= 0.82 N/mm2 (from table 19 of IS 456: 2000)

Shear capacity, 𝑉𝑐 = τcbd

0.82×300×250
= = 61.5kN
1000

As the shear capacity is more than the factored shear force shear reinforcement has to be designed
for nominal shear force. [Cl. 26.5.1.6, IS 456: 2000]

Assume dia. of shear reinforcement 8 mm.

51
 𝜋
Area of two legged stirrups, 𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 2× 4 ×82 = 100.53 mm2

As per IS 456: 2000 clause 26.5.3.2.c spacing shall be lesser of

(a) Least lateral dimension of compression member = 300 mm.

(b) 16×smallest diameter of longitudinal reinforcement bar to be tied = 16×20 = 320 mm

(c) 300 mm (according to clause 7.4.2. (b) IS 13920:2016)

0.87𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑓𝑦 0.87×415×100.53
𝑠𝑣 = = = 302.5 mm
0.4×𝑏 0.4×300

Hence, provide two-legged stirrups of 8 mm dia. @ 150 mm c/c.

Special confining reinforcement [Cl. 26.5.1.6, IS 456: 2000]

Special confining reinforcement will provide over a length of lo towards the mid span of column

𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 300 𝑚𝑚

1 4000 − 450
𝑙0 ≰ { × 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = = 591.67 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 600𝑚𝑚
6 6
450 𝑚𝑚

Spacing of hoop shall not exceed,

1 300
(i)4×minimum member dimension = = 75 mm
4

(ii) 6×dia. of smallest longitudinal reinforcement = 6×20 = 120 mm

(iii) Should not greater than 100 mm.

Minimum area of cross section of hoop reinforcement bars

𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 20 300×300
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 0.18ℎ𝑠𝑣 (𝐴 − 1) = 0.18×75×250×415×(300×200 − 1)= 81.32 mm2
𝑓𝑦 𝑘

52
 Table 6.3: Design of longitudinal reinforcement of exterior columns

𝑨𝒔𝒄
𝑴𝒖 𝑷𝒖
p% Area of
Maximum Maximum 𝒑
Column b d 𝑷𝒖 𝑴𝒖 Percentage steel
Node moment axial load
No. (mm) (mm) 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝒇𝒄𝒌 of steel Required
(kNm) (kN)
required (mm2 )

1 2 300 250 101 434.15 0.24 0.19 0.12 2.4 2160

2 3 300 250 90.34 292.1 0.16 0.17 0.1 2 1800

3 4 300 250 77.03 166.64 0.09 0.14 0.1 2 1800

4 5 300 250 51.45 55.43 0.03 0.10 0.08 1.6 1440

13 17 300 250 109 434.15 0.24 0.20 0.14 2.8 2520

14 18 300 250 90.35 291.1 0.16 0.17 0.1 2 1800

15 19 300 250 77 166.55 0.09 0.14 0.1 2 1800

16 20 300 250 51.17 55.44 0.03 0.09 0.08 1.6 1440

Table 6.4: Design of longitudinal reinforcement of interior columns

Maximum Maximum 𝑨𝒔𝒄
moment axial load 𝒑
Column Node b d 𝑷𝒖 𝑴𝒖 p% Required
𝑴𝒖 𝑷𝒖 (kN)
(mm) (mm) 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝒇𝒄𝒌 (mm2 )
No. (KNm)

5 7 300 250 188.87 568.61 0.32 0.23 0.18 3.6 3240

6 8 300 250 157.28 381.1 0.21 0.22 0.16 3.2 2880

7 9 300 250 129.27 222.51 0.12 0.20 0.14 2.8 2520

8 10 300 250 80.64 80.75 0.04 0.15 0.14 2.8 2520

9 12 300 250 188.87 541.7 0.30 0.22 0.18 3.6 3240

10 13 300 250 156.82 381.12 0.21 0.21 0.16 3.2 2880

11 14 300 250 133.54 222.63 0.12 0.18 0.14 2.8 2520

12 15 300 250 80.64 76.84 0.04 0.15 0.14 2.8 2520

53
 Table 6.5: Design of longitudinal reinforcement of exterior columns

Column Node of Asc Diameter of No. Of bars Asc

No. column (mm2) type 1 bar Provided
(mm) (mm2)
1 2 2160 20 8 2313.28
2 3 1800 20 6 1884.96
3 4 1800 20 6 1884.96
4 5 1440 20 6 1884.96
13 17 2520 20 8 2313.28
14 18 1800 20 6 1884.96
15 19 1800 20 6 1884.96
16 20 1440 20 6 1884.96

Table 6.6: Design of longitudinal reinforcement of interior columns

Column Gross cross Asc Diameter of No. of bars Minimum area

No. sectional area bars of steel provided
(Ag) (mm2)
(mm2) (mm2)
(mm2)
5 90000 3240 20 12 3769.92

6 90000 2880 20 10 3141.6

7 90000 2520 20 8 2513.28

8 90000 2520 20 8 2513.28

9 90000 3240 20 12 3769.92

10 90000 2880 20 10 3141.6

11 90000 2520 20 8 2513.28

12 90000 2520 20 8 2513.28

54
Fig. 6.8: Reinforcement detail of column 1 and 2

Fig. 6.9: Cross-section of column 1

55