Single Aisle 

 TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL 

 CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl
2&3) 
 AUTO FLIGHT 
 This document must be used for training purposes only

Under no circumstances should this document be used as a reference

It will not be updated.

All rights reserved

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form,
by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means,
without the prior written permission of AIRBUS S.A.S.
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTO FLIGHT
GENERAL
Automatic Flight System Design Philosophy (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Automatic Flight System Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FAC General (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Autopilot Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Autothrust Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Automatic Flight SYS Control & Indicating (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  TABLE OF CONTENTS Sep 12, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 1
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY (2)

GENERAL
The Automatic Flight System (AFS) calculates orders to automatically
control the flight controls and the engines. It computes orders and sends
them to the Electrical Flight Control System (EFCS) and to the Full
Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) to control flying surfaces
and engines. When the AFS is not active, the above-mentioned
components are controlled by the same systems but orders are generated
by specific devices: side sticks and thrust levers.
NAVIGATION
A fundamental function of the AFS is to calculate the aircraft position.
To compute the aircraft position, the system uses several aircraft sensors,
which give useful information for this purpose.
FLY BY WIRE
If the pilot moves the side stick when the AFS is active, it disengages
the autopilot. Back to manual flight, when the sidestick is released, the
EFCS maintains the actual aircraft attitude.
SYSTEM DESIGN
To meet the necessary reliability, the AFS is built around 4 computers.
There are two interchangeable Flight Management and Guidance
Computers (FMGCs) and two interchangeable Flight Augmentation
Computers (FACs). It is a FAIL OPERATIVE system. Each FMGC and
FAC has a command part and a monitor part to be FAIL PASSIVE.

FLIGHT PLAN
The AFS has several flight plans predetermined by the airline in its
memory. A flight plan describes a complete flight from departure to
arrival; it gives vertical information and all intermediate waypoints. The
plan can be displayed on the EFIS or on the Multipurpose Control &
Display Units (MCDU).
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P2000000001

OPERATION
There are several ways to use the AFS but the normal and recommended
one is to use it to follow the flight plan automatically. Knowing the
position of the aircraft and the flight plan chosen by the pilot, the system
is able to compute the orders sent to the flying surfaces and the engines
so that the aircraft follows the flight plan. The pilot has an important
monitoring role.

NOTE: During AFS operation, side sticks and thrust levers do not move
automatically.
CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 2
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P2000000001

GENERAL ... SYSTEM DESIGN

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 3
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2)

GENERAL NOTE: The FAC includes an interface between the AFS and the
Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS) called Fault Isolation
The Automatic Flight System (AFS) gives the pilots the functions
and Detection System (FIDS). This function is activated only
reducing their workload and improving the safety and the regularity of
with FAC1 P/BSW in position 1.
the flight. The AFS is designed around:
- 2 Flight Management and Guidance Computers (FMGCs), OTHER SYSTEMS
- 2 Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs),
- 2 Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDUs), The AFS is connected to the majority of the aircraft systems.
- 1 Flight Control Unit (FCU). Examples of AFS data exchanges:
- reception of the aircraft altitude and attitude from the Air Data/Inertial
CONTROLS Reference System (ADIRS),
- transmission of autopilot orders to the ELevator and Aileron Computers
The FCU and the MCDUs let the pilots control the functions of the
(ELACs).
FMGCs. The FAC engagement P/BSWs and the RUDder TRIM control
panel are connected to the FACs. The MCDUs are used for long-term
control of the aircraft and do the interface between the crew and the
FMGC allowing the management of the flight. The FCU is used for
short-term control of the aircraft and does the interface required for
transmission of engine data from the FMGC to the Full Authority Digital
Engine Control (FADEC).

FMGC
There are two interchangeable FMGCs. Each FMGC is made of two
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P3000000001

parts: the Flight Management (FM) part and the Flight Guidance (FG)
part. The FM part gives the functions related to flight plan definition,
revision and monitoring and the FG part gives the functions related to
the aircraft control.

FAC
There are two interchangeable FACs. The basic functions of the FACs
are the rudder control and the flight envelope protection.

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 4
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P3000000001

GENERAL ... OTHER SYSTEMS

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 5
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

FAC GENERAL (2)

- prevents excessive deflections which would penalize the aircraft
FUNCTIONS performance.
Aircraft speed information is given by the Air Data/Inertial Reference
The basic functions of the Flight Augmentation Computer (FAC) are:
Units (ADIRUs).
- yaw damper,
- rudder trim, FLIGHT ENVELOPE PROTECTION
- rudder travel limitation,
- flight envelope protection, For flight envelope protection, the FAC computes the various
- Fault Isolation and Detection System (FIDS). characteristic speeds for aircraft operation, the low energy warning, the
excessive Angle-Of-Attack (AOA) and wind shear detections. The
YAW DAMPER characteristic speeds are computed using data from the ADIRU, the
Landing Gear Control Interface Unit (LGCIU), the FMGC, and the Slat
The yaw damper has four functions and controls the rudder via yaw
Flap Control Computer (SFCC). Then, they are displayed on the PFDs.
damper actuators. Upon Flight Management and Guidance Computer
The alpha floor (excessive AOA) and wind shear detections are sent to
(FMGC), ELevator Aileron Computer (ELAC) or FAC orders, the yaw
the FMGCs. The low energy warning computation is sent to the Flight
damper provides:
Warning Computers (FWCs) which generate an aural warning: "SPEED,
- dutch roll damping,
SPEED, SPEED".
- turn coordination in cruise,
- engine failure compensation in auto flight, FIDS
- yaw guidance order execution.
For maintenance purposes, the FIDS centralizes the failure information
RUDDER TRIM from the various BITE of the AFS computers and provides an interface
between these BITEs and the Centralized Fault Display Interface Unit
The rudder trim orders come from the RUDder TRIM selector, or from
(CFDIU). The FIDS function is only active in FAC 1.
the FMGC to control the rudder via the rudder trim actuator.
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P4000000001

The rudder trim gives: CONTROLS

- the manual trim with RUD TRIM selector,
- auto trim on yaw axis and the generation of engine failure recovery Each FAC receives inputs from its related P/BSW, the RUD TRIM
function when the autopilot is engaged. selector and the RUD TRIM RESET P/B. The RUD TRIM selector
deflects the rudder. The RESET P/B returns the rudder to the neutral
RUDDER TRAVEL LIMITATION position.
The rudder travel limiting unit limits the deflection of the rudder according DISPLAYS
to the aircraft speed.
The rudder travel limiting function: Some of the data computed by the FAC is displayed:
- limits the deflection for structure integrity, - the characteristic speeds are displayed on the speed scale of the PFDs.
CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  FAC GENERAL (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 6
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
- the rudder trim position is displayed on the F/CTL ECAM page and on
the RUD TRIM control panel. The red WINDSHEAR indication is
displayed in the center of both PFDs.

NOTE: The rudder travel limiting position is not displayed. Only its
maximum stop positions are shown on the ECAM.
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P4000000001

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  FAC GENERAL (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 7
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P4000000001

FUNCTIONS ... DISPLAYS

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  FAC GENERAL (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 8
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P4000000001

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  FAC GENERAL (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 9

AUTOPILOT PRESENTATION (2)
GENERAL
The AP is engaged from the Flight Control Unit (FCU) by the related
pushbuttons. AP engagement is indicated by the illumination of the AP
1 P/BSW or/and the AP 2 P/BSW (Three green bars) and by the white
"AP1", "AP2" or "AP1+ 2" indication on the top right corner of each
PFD. The AP guidance modes are selected from the FCU or the Flight
Management and Guidance Computers (FMGCs). The AP function is a
loop where, after a comparison between real and reference parameters,
the FMGC computes orders, which are sent to the flight controls. The
loop is closed by real values coming from sensors and given by other
systems (e.g. ADIRS) to the FMGCs. When the AP is engaged, the load
thresholds on the rudder pedals and the side sticks are increased. If a
pedal or side stick load threshold is overridden, the AP disengages.
MODES
There are lateral modes and vertical modes. Basically, one of each is
chosen by the pilot or by the system. The AP being engaged, one lateral
mode and one vertical mode are simultaneously active.
According to flight phases, the lateral mode controls:
- the ailerons via the ELevator Aileron Computers (ELACs),
- the spoilers via the ELACs and the Spoiler Elevator Computers (SECs),
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P6000000001
- the rudder via the Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs),
- the nose wheel via the ELACs and the Braking/Steering Control Unit
(BSCU).
The vertical mode controls the elevators and the THS via the ELACs.
GROUND
For maintenance purposes, the AP can be engaged on ground with both
engines shut down. Hydraulic power is not required.
When an engine is started, the AP disengages.
CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOPILOT PRESENTATION (2)
22 - AUTO FLIGHT
Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
TAKE-OFF
The AP can be engaged in flight, provided the aircraft has been airborne
for at least 5 seconds.
CRUISE
In cruise, only one AP can be engaged at a time, priority given to the last
engaged. Engaging the second AP disengages the first one. The ailerons
and the spoilers execute the orders of lateral modes; the elevators and
the THS execute the orders of vertical modes.
NOTE: The rudder is controlled not by the AP but directly by the FACs.
LANDING
If the airfield is equipped with ILS installations, the AP can perform a
complete landing with approach, flare and roll out. A second AP can be
engaged (AP 1 active, AP 2 in standby).
NOTE: The rudder is controlled by the AP via the FACs.
During roll out, the AP gives steering orders to the rudder and the nose
wheel. These orders depend on the aircraft speed. Aileron and spoiler
AP orders are null. The THS is reset to 0.5 nose up.
NOTE: The spoilers are directly controlled by the SECs as airbrakes.
During roll out, at low speed (about 60 knots), the pilot normally
disengages the AP by pressing a takeover pushbutton located on the side
stick.
Sep 17, 2007
Page 10
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P6000000001

GENERAL ... LANDING

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOPILOT PRESENTATION (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 11
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOTHRUST PRESENTATION (2)

When A/THR is engaged:
AUTOTHRUST FUNCTION - the FCU A/THR P/BSW is lit,
- the engagement status is displayed on the Flight Mode Annunciator
The A/THR function sends a computed thrust command (thrust target)
(FMA).
to the Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) for automatic
When engaged, the A/THR can be active or not depending on the position
engine control.
of the thrust levers. When engaged and not active, the thrust control is
The A/THR functions are:
manual. The thrust is commanded according to the position of the thrust
- acquisition and holding of a speed or a Mach number,
levers. When engaged and active, the thrust control is automatic. The
- acquisition and holding of a thrust,
thrust is commanded according to the A/THR computed thrust target.
- reduction of the thrust to idle during descent and during flare in final
approach, AUTOTHRUST DISCONNECTION
- protection against excessive Angle-Of-Attack (AOA) called alpha-floor
protection, by ordering a maximum thrust when an alpha-floor detection A/THR disengagement can be manual or automatic.
signal is received from the Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs). A/THR is manually disconnected:
- either by pressing the A/THR instinctive disconnect switch on any thrust
AUTOTHRUST LOOP PRINCIPLE lever,
- or by setting all thrust levers to idle position,
To get the A/THR function, the thrust target computed by the Flight
- or through the dedicated FCU P/BSW,
Management and Guidance Computers (FMGCs) is chosen by the Flight
A/THR is automatically disconnected in case of failure detection.
Control Unit (FCU). Then each FCU processor sends, along its own bus,
the thrust target to the FADEC via the Engine Interface Units (EIUs).

AUTOTHRUST ENGAGEMENT
The engagement of the A/THR function can be manual or automatic. The
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P1000000001

A/THR is engaged manually by pressing the A/THR P/BSW on the FCU.

This is inhibited below 100 feet RA, with engines running.
The A/THR is engaged automatically:
- when the AP/Flight Director (FD) is engaged in Take-Off (TO) or Go
Around (GA) modes,
- or in flight, when the alpha-floor is detected; this is inhibited below 100
feet RA except during the 15 seconds following the lift-off.

NOTE: To effectively have A/THR on the engines, the engagement of

the A/THR is confirmed by a logic of activation in the FADEC.

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOTHRUST PRESENTATION (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 12
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22P1000000001

AUTOTHRUST FUNCTION ... AUTOTHRUST DISCONNECTION

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOTHRUST PRESENTATION (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 13
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2)

FCU
The Flight Control Unit (FCU) is installed on the glareshield. The FCU
front face includes an Automatic Flight System (AFS) control panel
between two EFIS control panels. The AFS control panel activates and
displays the engagement of APs and A/THR. The selection for guidance
modes and flight parameters is also done on the AFS control panel.

NOTE: The EXPEDite P/BSW can be optionally removed from the

AFS control panel.
The two EFIS control panels control and display, for each EFIS side, the
PFD and ND functions: respectively barometric and Flight Director (FD)
conditions, and ND modes.

MCDU
Two Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDUs) are located on
the center pedestal. The MCDU is the primary entry/display interface
between the pilot and the Flight Management (FM) part of the Flight
Management and Guidance Computer (FMGC). On the MCDU, the
system control parameters and flight plans can be inserted, and is used
for subsequent modifications and revisions. The MCDU displays
information regarding flight progress and aircraft performances for
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

monitoring and review by the flight crew.

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 14
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

FCU & MCDU

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 15
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2)

ND
The two NDs are located on the main instrument panel. The ND is built
from:
- flight plan data,
- data selected via the FCU,
- aircraft present position,
- wind speed/direction,
- ground speed/track.

PFD
The two PFDs are located on the main instrument panel. The Flight Mode
Annunciator (FMA) is the top part of the PFD. Each PFD displays:
- AP, FD & A/THR engagement status on the FMA,
- AP, FD & A/THR armed/engaged modes on the FMA,
- FD orders,
- Flight Augmentation Computer (FAC) characteristic speeds on the
speed scale.
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 16
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

ND & PFD

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 17
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2)

THRUST LEVERS
The thrust levers are located on the center pedestal. The thrust levers are
used to engage the Take-Off/Go-Around (TOGA) modes and the A/THR.
Two A/THR instinctive disconnect P/Bs located on the thrust levers are
used to disengage the A/THR function.

SIDE STICKS
The CAPT and F/O side sticks are respectively located on the CAPT
lateral panel and F/O lateral panel. The AP is disengaged when the take
over priority P/B on the side stick is pressed or when a force above a
certain threshold is applied on the side stick.

RUDDER PEDALS
The rudder pedals are installed in the CAPT and F/O positions. Rudder
pedals override disconnects the AP.
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 18
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

THRUST LEVERS ... RUDDER PEDALS

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 19
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2)

RESETS
The FMGC, FAC, FCU and MCDU resets are possible in the cockpit.
Depending on the computer (1 or 2), the circuit breakers are located either
on the overhead circuit breakers panel 49VU or on the rear circuit breakers
panel 121VU.
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 20
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

RESETS

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 21
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2)

RMP
The Radio Management Panels (RMPs) are located on the center pedestal
near MCDU1 and 2. The RMPS are used for navaid standby selection.

EWD/SD
The EWD and the SD are located on the main instrument panel. The
EWD displays AFS warning messages. The SD displays AFS information
such as inoperative systems on the STATUS page or landing capabilities
availability.

ATTENTION GETTERS
The attention getters are located on the glareshield panel on the CAPT
and F/O sides. The MASTER CAUTion and/or the MASTER WARNing
are activated when an AFS disconnection occurs. The AUTOLAND
warning is activated when a problem occurs during final approach in
automatic landing.
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 22
 Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
U5F07351 - u1PT1TO - UM22I1000000001

RMP ... ATTENTION GETTERS

CMQ A330/A340 to A319/320/321 (IAE V2500/ME) T1 (Lvl 2&3)  AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYS CONTROL & INDICATING (2) Sep 17, 2007
22 - AUTO FLIGHT Page 23
 AIRBUS S.A.S.
31707 BLAGNAC cedex, FRANCE
STM
REFERENCE U5F07351
SEPTEMBER 2007
PRINTED IN FRANCE
AIRBUS S.A.S. 2007
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

AN EADS JOINT COMPANY

WITH BAE SYSTEMS