Test - Mmet 402, Exam 2, Ultrasonic Testing - Quizlet

9/4/2019 Test: mmet 402, Exam 2, Ultrasonic Testing | Quizlet
NAME
146 Multiple choice questions
1. increasing frequency...
0
A. No answer given
B. near-surface resolution
C. short pulse length for better resolution, broadband frequency, and high-energy output for stronger signal, but they cannot coexist
D.
increases resolution, increases sensitivity, decreases wavelength, decreases travel distance due to higher attenuation; but sound scatters from large or coarse grain
structures and small imperfections within material
E. spatial resolution
2. materials for damping
A. No answer given
B. ASTM-E-1065
C. tungsten and epoxy mixture because it is acoustically matched to the element and can attenuate the energy fast
D. refract and scatter internal reflections
surface must be accessible, intensive training, needs couplant, tough to inspect rough materials/very small parts/very thin/not homogenous materials, parallel linear
E. defects undetectable, reference standards required
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3. plastic wedges used to refract shear waves into a workpiece are made from acrylic polymer aka:
A. No answer given
B. angle of incidence
C. attenuation
D. scattering
E. plexiglas
4. a mismatch in backing and matching
A. No answer given
B. reduces sensitivity but increases material penetration
C. destructive interference and diffraction
D. backing, active element (λ/2), matching layer (λ/4)
E. beam spread (same amount of energy spread to a larger area)
5. same material and geometric shape/dimension but with artificially introduced flaws
A. No answer given
B. reference standards
C. plate/lamb wave
D. reverse PE effect
E. direct PE effect
6. in solids, waves can be transmitted:
A. No answer given
B. longitudinal, shear, and plate
C. longitudinal or shear, or both wave forms simultaneously
D. longitudinal/compressive wave
E. reduces sensitivity but increases material penetration
7. typical range of frequency
A. No answer given
B. 0.0004
C. 45, 60, and 70 degrees
D. 1-15 Mhz
E. S-Scan
8. #λ
A. No answer given
B. no go for UT
C. wavefront
D. plate/lamb wave
E. pulse length
9. use angle beams for:
A. No answer given
B. peak energy plane
C. defects undetectable, reference standards required
D. highly damping materials such as rubbers and highly attenuative materials like fiber/resin composites
E. weld inspection, when expected defects are oriented in a way invisible to a straight beam or located in places inaccessible to a straight beam
10. ultrasound is able to detect flaws due to:
A. No answer given
B. time of flight
C. sound reflection
D. much greater than
E. wave interaction
11. attenuation in near field only caused by
A. No answer given
B. destructive interference and diffraction
C. beam spread (same amount of energy spread to a larger area)
D. Distance Amplitude Correction/Correlation (DAC)
E. refract and scatter internal reflections
12. disturbance from the mean, related to the loudness or level of energy (dB)
A. No answer given
B. null zones
C. amplitude
D. transducer
E. shear wave
13. as waves go farther and farther away from the source, the interference between waves in the __ becomes less significant and the __ becomes more uniform
A. No answer given
B. beam from a finite source
C. immersion transducer
D. pulse-echo immersion method
E. far field; sound intensity
14. the capability of resolving the initial pulse from signals of near-surface defects; the initial pulse and the echo of a flaw are very well separated; a long pulse length causes
the echo of a flaw to overlap the initial pulse
A. No answer given
B. short pulse length for better resolution, broadband frequency, and high-energy output for stronger signal, but they cannot coexist
C. spatial resolution
D. resolution
E. near-surface resolution
15. 3 conventional UT inspection methods
A. No answer given
B. absorption
C. pulse-echo, through-transmission, pitch-catch
D. peak energy plane
16. a piece of polarized material with electrodes attached to two opposite faces. current induces a dipole and the material changes dimensions (Electrostriction)
A. No answer given
B. second critical angle
C. far field; sound intensity
D. immersion transducer
E. piezoelectric transducers
17. reflection of sound in directions other than original direction of propagation
A. No answer given
B. absorption
C. shear wave
D. scattering
E. attenuation
18. what is a better reflector than metallic inclusions?
A. No answer given
B. void
C. sound
D. contact transducer
E. absorption
19. thin materials
A. No answer given
B. plate/lamb wave
C. light damping
D. reference standards
E. ultrasonic pulse
20. sound path leg 1 + sound path leg 2
A. No answer given
B. skip distance
C. pulse duration
D. coincidence
E. heavy damping
21. destructive interference can cause null zones, inspections done here are prohibited by most codes, amplitude is unpredictable, ends where interference effects cease
A. No answer given
B. sound wave
C. near field
D. shear wave
E. null zones
22. L-wave, produced from a straight beam probe, particle motion forward and backward
A. No answer given
B. damping and higher sensitivity
C. far field; sound intensity
D. angle of incidence
E. longitudinal/compressive wave
23. top planar view of test piece, can get VERY good details, performed with an automated system using immersion method
A. No answer given
B. wave propagation
C. C-Scan
D. decibal (dB)
E. sound wave
24. cone shaped zone lying beyond the near field, the intensity of the acoustic waves along the axis varies as the inverse of the square of the distance from the transducer
(inverse square law)
A. No answer given
B. near field
C. higher frequency
D. far field
E. Time Corrected Gain (TCG)
25. attenuation in near and far field caused by
A. No answer given
B. reduces sensitivity but increases material penetration
C. break up of straight beam
D. absorption and scatter at grain boundaries
E. stiffness and density
26. preferred set up for range displayed on screen
A. No answer given
B. thinner active element
C. thickness of workpiece
D. ultrasonic attenuation (A)
E. break up of straight beam
27. S-wave, produced from an angle beam , particle motion up and down
A. No answer given
B. longitudinal/compressive wave
C. shear/transverse wave
D. Type 3 transducer
E. piezoelectric element
28. the capability of resolving signals from closely positioned multiple defects inside a workpiece; short pulse length has excellent resolution; long pulse length causes signal
overlapping
A. No answer given
B. Huygen's Principle
C. spatial resolution
D. near-surface resolution
E. near-surface and spatial resolution
29. produces an electrical charge when a mechanical vibration or shock is applied
A. No answer given
B. Type 1 transducer
C. direct PE effect
D. crack tip defraction
E. decibal (dB)
30. component of a transducer that produces the ultrasonic beam
A. No answer given
B. area directly in front of transducer
C. piezoelectric element
D. second critical angle
E. time of flight
31. frequency of a sound determines the __ of a flaw
A. No answer given
B. size (high freq for tiny flaws)
C. beam from a finite source
D. thickness of workpiece
E. acoustic impedance (Z)
32. a sound wave generated by a probe is not a single ray from a point source but a...
A. No answer given
B. crack tip defraction
E. ultrasound
33. traveling disturbance, carries energy from one point to another without requiring matter to travel between the points; causes air pressure disturbance of compression (high
pressure) and expansion (low pressure)
A. No answer given
B. wavelength
C. sound wave
D. shear wave
E. sound
34. distance, depth, how long it takes sound to travel
A. No answer given
B. pulse duration
C. time of flight
D. crack tip defraction
E. larger transducer
35. cross-section profile produces a trigger gate on A-scan, depth of flaws vs. their positions, color coded
A. No answer given
B. scattering
C. interface
D. sound
E. B-Scan
36. a discontinuity must be larger than __ to be detected
A. No answer given
B. 6300 m/s
C. 1/2 lambda
D. 45, 60, and 70 degrees
E. 20 Hz to 20 kHz
37. greatly influences damping characteristics
A. No answer given
B. transducer
C. first critical angle
D. transducer backing
E. sound reflection
38. refraction governed by __, the relationship between angles and velocities, frequencies are the same though.
"Refraction occurs when the incident angle is greater than 0 degrees (ie not perpendicular)"
V=fλ
A. No answer given
B. sound wave
C. Snell's Law
D. beam spread
E. scattering
39. the product of density and velocity, delta Z is impedance mismatch
A. No answer given
B. shear/transverse wave
C. cut different ways
E. acoustic impedance (Z)
40. which wave is used for inspection?
A. No answer given
B. refracted shear wave
C. ultrasonic attenuation (A)
D. micron (0.0001")
E. contact transducer
41. long pulse and narrow bandwidth
A. No answer given
B. sensitivity
C. Type 2 transducer
D. light damping
E. much greater than
42. medium pulse, 6 db bandwidth: 30-50%, general purpose, 4 pulses, narrow bandwidth
A. No answer given
B. larger transducer
D. wave propagation
E. crack tip defraction
43. function of couplant
A. No answer given
B. ASTM-E-1065
C. facilitates transmission of ultrasonic energy by displacing air
D. longitudinal, shear, and plate
E. size (high freq for tiny flaws)
44. vibration (disturbance of mechanical energy) that propagates through matter (air, liquid, solid) in a pattern called a wave; an elastic wave in solid materials
A. No answer given
B. plexiglas
C. absorption
D. S-Scan
E. sound
45. ability to locate small defects
A. No answer given
B. frequency
C. sensitivity
D. light damping
E. absorption
46. atoms forced into vibrational motion about their equilibrium positions, can propagate longitudinal, shear, surface, and plate waves
A. No answer given
B. wave propagation
C. higher frequency
D. wave interaction
E. direct PE effect
47. determine length of a crack if you know the orientation
A. No answer given
C. direct PE effect
D. piezoelectric element
E. angle of refraction
48. angle of wedge from axis of workpiece that is perpendicular to the surface
A. No answer given
C. angle of incidence
D. first critical angle
E. Type 2 transducer
49. cycles per second (Hz)
A. No answer given
B. pulse duration
C. pulser
D. frequency
E. transducer
50. a sound wave will be totally or partially reflected when it hits the __ of 2 dissimilar materials
A. No answer given
B. pitch-catch method
C. interface
D. scattering
E. wave propagation
51. sound speed of lead
A. No answer given
B. ~400 m/s
C. 1158 m/s
D. 0.0004
E. 20 Hz to 20 kHz
52. hand manipulated and uses high viscosity coupling
A. No answer given
B. transducer
C. shear/transverse wave
E. longitudinal only
53. TOFD, more advanced technologies
A. No answer given
B. couplant
C. ultrasound
D. sensitivity
E. D-Scan
54. produces a mechanical vibration or shock when an electrical charge is applied
A. No answer given
B. ultrasonic pulse
E. wave interaction
55. most common angles of refraction for angle beam transducers
A. No answer given
B. 1/2 lambda
E. 1-3 piezocomposite (PZT-polymer), lead zirconate titanate
56. How to deal with mode conversion?
A. No answer given
B. highly damping materials such as rubbers and highly attenuative materials like fiber/resin composites
C. increase incident angle until the refracted L-wave angle reaches 90 degrees and leaves only the refracted S-wave in the material
D. backing, active element (λ/2), matching layer (λ/4)
57. time of one cycle
A. No answer given
B. period
C. near-surface and spatial resolution
D. resolution
E. short pulse length for better resolution, broadband frequency, and high-energy output for stronger signal, but they cannot coexist
58. parts of a transducer
A. No answer given
B. longitudinal or shear, or both wave forms simultaneously
C. backing, active element (λ/2), matching layer (λ/4)
straight beam
delay line pencil
delay line
straight beam dual element
small angle
large angle
D. immersion probes
sensitive to surface and subsurface discontinuities, superior depth of penetration, single-sided access for pulse-echo, highly accurate, minimal part preparation, instant
E. results, detailed images, other uses than just flaw detection
59. calibration method that draws a reference curve based on same size reflector response as a function of distance
A. No answer given
B. Time Corrected Gain (TCG)
C. absorption and scatter at grain boundaries
D. Distance Amplitude Correction/Correlation (DAC)
E. sound
60. transforms wave signal into electrical signal
A. No answer given
B. ultrasound
C. skip distance
D. transducer
E. amplitude
61. PA, more advanced technologies
A. No answer given
B. stiffness and density
C. S-Scan
D. ASTM-E-1065
E. to shorten/arrest the ringing of the transducer (similar to a bell that is struck continues to ring/oscillate and you touch it to dampen it)
62. limited usage
A. No answer given
B. surface/Rayleigh wave
C. constructive interference
E. sound reflection
63. # cycles or periods, #/frequency
A. No answer given
B. attenuation
C. frequency
D. light damping
E. pulse duration
64. How to produce different wave modes with piezoelectric ceramics?
A. No answer given
E. wavelength
65. no 2 transducers are exactly the same and no two perform exactly
A. No answer given
C. wavefront
D. break up of straight beam
E. *
66. very short pulse, 6 db bandwidth: 60-120%, broadband, best resolution, 2.5 pulses, broadband
A. No answer given
B. through-transmission method
C. wave propagation
E. Type 3 transducer
67. performed with an automated C-Scan System; non-contact causes water path distance on the display--> front surface --> discontinuity --> back surface
A. No answer given
B. pulse-echo immersion method
D. direct PE effect
E. immersion transducer
68. sound speeds in solids governed by:
A. No answer given
B. thickness of workpiece
D. ~6000 m/s
69. what does a serrated wedge with grooves do?
A. No answer given
B. refract and scatter internal reflections
C. larger transducer
D. larger the energy or sound reflection at interface or boundary between two mediums
E. contact transducer
70. zero energy zones caused by destructive interference
A. No answer given
B. wavefront
C. coincidence
D. ultrasound
E. null zones
71. any sound wave with a frequency > 20 khz
A. No answer given
B. ultrasound
C. light damping
D. couplant
E. attenuation
72. sound speed of diamond
A. No answer given
B. skip distance
C. absorption
D. 1-15 Mhz
E. 12000 m/s
73. separates near field and far field
A. No answer given
C. refracted shear wave
D. thickness of workpiece
E. peak energy plane
74. most common PE materials that are now more efficient than natural quartz equivalents
A. No answer given
B. 1-3 piezocomposite (PZT-polymer), lead zirconate titanate
D. 20 Hz to 20 kHz
E. 46.7
75. angle beams produce shear and longitudinal waves simultaneously, but only __ is used for UT inspection
A. No answer given
B. sound wave
C. shear wave
D. beam spread
E. higher frequency
76. the greater the impedance mismatch...
A. No answer given
B. to shorten/arrest the ringing of the transducer (similar to a bell that is struck continues to ring/oscillate and you touch it to dampen it)
E. larger the energy or sound reflection at interface or boundary between two mediums
77. in air or liquid waves can be transmitted:
A. No answer given
B. skip distance
C. longitudinal only
E. refracted shear wave
78. short pulse, 6 db bandwidth: 50-100%, high signal/noise ratio, 3 pulses
A. No answer given
79. Z air
A. No answer given
B. 20 Hz to 20 kHz
C. 1-3 piezocomposite (PZT-polymer), lead zirconate titanate
D. pulser
E. 0.0004
80. accuracy of ultrasonic testing
A. No answer given
B. destructive interference
C. heavy damping
D. micron (0.0001")
E. pulse duration
81. short pulse and broad bandwidth
A. No answer given
B. sensitivity
C. micron (0.0001")
D. pulse duration
E. heavy damping
82. Z plexiglas
A. No answer given
B. 45, 60, and 70 degrees
C. 6300 m/s
D. 3.26
E. 1-15 Mhz
83. angle that is the change of direction of a wave due to its change in speed (due to different velocities of acoustic waves)
A. No answer given
B. beam spread
D. sound reflection
E. angle of refraction
84. conversion of sound energy to other energy forms
A. No answer given
B. absorption
D. pulse duration
E. skip distance
85. difficult to use UT with these materials
A. No answer given
B. skip distance
C. destructive interference
straight beam
delay line pencil
delay line
small angle
large angle
D. immersion probes
E. highly damping materials such as rubbers and highly attenuative materials like fiber/resin composites
86. what does a snail wedge do?
A. No answer given
B. refract and scatter internal reflections
C. longitudinal, shear, and plate
continuously refracts and reflects the internal reflections to trap unwanted noise, providing better signal-to-noise ratio
D. S/N > 3/1
E. almost all of the energy will be reflected at an interface between air and any other solid material, so couplant permits 10-15% sound transmission
87. consists of amplitude vs time of flight; initial pulse, crack echo, and back surface echo
A. No answer given
B. decibal (dB)
C. A-Scan reading
D. increase incident angle until the refracted L-wave angle reaches 90 degrees and leaves only the refracted S-wave in the material
E. immersion transducer
88. sound speed of cork
A. No answer given
B. ~400 m/s
C. scattering
D. shear wave
E. null zones
89. relative flaw size
A. No answer given
B. much greater than
C. thickness of workpiece
D. plate/lamb wave
E. amplitude shows:
90. attenuation in far field only caused by
A. No answer given
B. backing, active element (λ/2), matching layer (λ/4)
D. size (high freq for tiny flaws)
91. Standard for beam spread
A. No answer given
B. ~400 m/s
C. heavy damping
D. ASTM-E-1065
E. ~6000 m/s
92. Cast iron is a...
A. No answer given
B. ~6000 m/s
C. absorption
D. wavefront
E. no go for UT
93. Z steel
A. No answer given
B. 12000 m/s
C. ~6000 m/s
D. 6300 m/s
E. 46.7
94. transducer is driven by:
A. No answer given
B. C-Scan
C. couplant
D. ASTM-E-1065
E. pulser
95. listening time __ pulse duration
A. No answer given
C. crack tip defraction
D. light damping
E. ultrasound
96. ideal probe characteristics
A. No answer given
B. S/N > 3/1
increases resolution, increases sensitivity, decreases wavelength, decreases travel distance due to higher attenuation; but sound scatters from large or coarse grain
C. structures and small imperfections within material
D. Snell's Law
E. short pulse length for better resolution, broadband frequency, and high-energy output for stronger signal, but they cannot coexist
97. expresses the sound intensity (power) gain relative to a specified reference value
A. No answer given
B. reverse PE effect
D. decibal (dB)
E. delay line transducer
98. higher frequency of a transducer
A. No answer given
B. stiffness and density
C. wavefront
D. contact and immersion
E. thinner active element
99. UT mainly used for detection of __ flaws, but also used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimension measurements, material characterization, and more
A. No answer given
B. interior
C. transducer
D. sound wave
E. piezoelectric transducers
100. difference between pulse echo and pitch catch
A. No answer given
B. pitch-catch has 2 probes
D. pitch-catch method
E. destructive interference
101. within a beam, intensity of sound energy varies from point to point due to:
A. No answer given
B. wave interaction
C. reverse PE effect
D. wave propagation
E. direct PE effect
102. cons of ultrasonic testing
A. No answer given
B. contact and immersion
C. pulse duration
D.
defects undetectable, reference standards required
103. Z water
A. No answer given
B. 45, 60, and 70 degrees
C. 6300 m/s
D. 1.48
E. 1-15 Mhz
104. if refraction occurs...
A. No answer given
C. mode conversion occurs
E. contact and immersion
105. Occurs if waves are in phase
A. No answer given
B. constructive interference
E. longitudinal, shear, and plate
106. pros of ultrasonic testing
A. No answer given
B. backing, active element (λ/2), matching layer (λ/4)
C. contact and immersion
D. S/N > 3/1
E.
sensitive to surface and subsurface discontinuities, superior depth of penetration, single-sided access for pulse-echo, highly accurate, minimal part preparation, instant
results, detailed images, other uses than just flaw detection
107. combined effect of scattering and absorption causes gradual loss of sound energy
A. No answer given
B. attenuation
C. pulse duration
D. interface
E. piezoelectric element
108. gives the scope of the sound beam, decreases as diameter increases; also called beam divergence or ultrasonic diffraction
A. No answer given
B. scattering
C. beam spread
D. B-Scan
E. reference standards
109. types of waves in UT testing
A. No answer given
B. pulse duration
C. longitudinal, shear, and plate
D. mode conversion occurs
E. coincidence
110. RF form, echo amplitude vs. distance, amount of received ultrasonic energy as a function of time, no back reflectors, initial pulse near time 0, flaw signal at distance (straight
beam is depth, angle beam is path distance)
A. No answer given
B. sound wave
C. A-Scan
D. mode conversion
E. shorter
111. 2 types of UT resolutions
A. No answer given
B. near-surface and spatial resolution
D. absorption and scatter at grain boundaries
E. period
112. column of plexiglas attached to the front of the probe, excellent near surface resolution, essential for thin materials
A. No answer given
B. piezoelectric element
D. direct PE effect
E. delay line transducer
113. high frequency sound waves are introduced into a material and they are reflected back from surfaces or flaws; reflected sound energy is displayed versus time, and the
inspector can visualize a cross section of the specimen showing the depth of features that reflect
A. No answer given
C. Huygen's Principle
D. Time Corrected Gain (TCG)
E. pulse-echo contact method
114. high pressure ridge; edge is foremost one
A. No answer given
B. wavefront
C. wavelength
D. transducer
E. bandwidth
115. must use a water or gel __ for UT
A. No answer given
B. ~400 m/s
C. couplant
D. sensitivity
E. coincidence
116. __ of S-wave and L-wave causes issues
A. No answer given
B. frequency
C. sensitivity
D. transducer backing
E. coincidence
117. less beam spread, less sensitivity, larger near field
A. No answer given
B. pulse duration
E. longitudinal only
118. types of transducers
A. No answer given
B. piezoelectric element
C. surface/Rayleigh wave
E. light damping
119. no refraction, 85% reflection, 15% transmission
A. No answer given
B. peak energy plane
E. area directly in front of transducer
120. a transmitter and a receiver for high attenuation materials, measure change in amplitude, directly across from each other
A. No answer given
C. delay line transducer
E. through-transmission method
121. types of transducers (probes) for conventional UT
A. No answer given
B. longitudinal, shear, and plate
straight beam
delay line pencil
delay line
small angle
large angle
C. immersion probes
D. transducer
E. contact and immersion
122. discontinuous, short sound waves that go from electric pulser to the receiver
A. No answer given
B. ultrasonic pulse
C. ultrasonic attenuation (A)
E. angle of incidence
123. decay rate of wave as it propagates through material
A. No answer given
B. ultrasonic attenuation (A)
C. pitch-catch method
D. ultrasonic pulse
E. destructive interference
124. a transmitter and receiver, angled beams diffract across the flaw
A. No answer given
B. pitch-catch method
C. direct PE effect
D. through-transmission method
E. pitch-catch has 2 probes
125. why do we need couplant?
A. No answer given
B. absorption and scatter at grain boundaries
C. almost all of the energy will be reflected at an interface between air and any other solid material, so couplant permits 10-15% sound transmission
D. weld inspection, when expected defects are oriented in a way invisible to a straight beam or located in places inaccessible to a straight beam
E. larger the energy or sound reflection at interface or boundary between two mediums
126. stress disturbance
A. No answer given
B. attenuation
C. no go for UT
D. vibration
E. frequency
127. sound refraction causes a straight beam to split into one straight beam and one angle beam; occurs when a wave encounters an interface between materials of different
impedances and the incident angle > 0 during refraction
A. No answer given
C. interface
E. mode conversion
128. travel distance for one cycle of particle vibration (λ)
A. No answer given
B. wavefront
C. wavelength
D. wave interaction
E. absorption
129. sound speed of aluminum
A. No answer given
B. 12000 m/s
C. 20 Hz to 20 kHz
D. ~400 m/s
E. 6300 m/s
130. strongest reflections are likely to come from the area:
A. No answer given
B. area directly in front of transducer
C. sound fields are less concentrated and weaker
E. break up of straight beam
131. backing should be similar material to matching layer impedance for...
A. No answer given
B. damping and higher sensitivity
C. wave interaction
D. area directly in front of transducer
E. shear/transverse wave
132. __ pulse length improves system resolution
A. No answer given
B. to shorten/arrest the ringing of the transducer (similar to a bell that is struck continues to ring/oscillate and you touch it to dampen it)
C. coincidence
D. S-Scan
E. shorter
133. ability to locate defects close together or near the surface
A. No answer given
B. short pulse length for better resolution, broadband frequency, and high-energy output for stronger signal, but they cannot coexist
C. 1/2 lambda
D. resolution
E. null zones
134. speed
A. No answer given
B. S-Scan
C. V=f*λ
D. void
E. pulser
135. sound speed of steel
A. No answer given
B. pulser
C. interface
D. ~6000 m/s
E. light damping
136. method of constructing the position of a wave at successive times, "Every point of a wavefront may be considered the source of secondary wavelets that spread out in all
directions with a speed equal to the speed of propagation"
A. No answer given
C. angle of incidence
D. second critical angle
E. Huygen's Principle
137. why does a transducer need damping?
A. No answer given
B. tungsten and epoxy mixture because it is acoustically matched to the element and can attenuate the energy fast
C. to shorten/arrest the ringing of the transducer (similar to a bell that is struck continues to ring/oscillate and you touch it to dampen it)
D. longitudinal or shear, or both wave forms simultaneously
E. coincidence
138. angle of incidence giving 90 degree refracted angle for the L-wave
A. No answer given
E. shear/transverse wave
139. as the incident angle is increased further and the refracted S-wave reaches 90 degrees and becomes a surface wave
A. No answer given
B. transducer backing
C. second critical angle
D. beam spread
E. first critical angle
140. does not contact component, operate in liquid/water environment, scanning applications; cheaper and more consistent
A. No answer given
B. piezoelectric transducers
C. immersion transducer
D. wave propagation
E. Huygen's Principle
141. less beam spread, less penetration, greater sensitivity, greater resolution, greater attenuation, larger near field
A. No answer given
C. shear wave
D. higher frequency
E. sound reflection
142. Occurs if waves are out of phase
A. No answer given
D. destructive interference and diffraction
E. pitch-catch has 2 probes
143. beam spread lowers amplitude of reflections because...
A. No answer given
B. sound fields are less concentrated and weaker
144. calibration method that is more modern and straightforward; compensating gain levels such that the signal amplitude of a given flaw size will always be the same
regardless of depth or distance
A. No answer given
B. Distance Amplitude Correction/Correlation (DAC)
C. pulse-echo contact method
D. Time Corrected Gain (TCG)
E. pulse-echo immersion method
145. the audible range of sound frequency for humans
A. No answer given
B. 20 Hz to 20 kHz
D. 1.48
E. larger transducer
146. range of frequencies, up to 150 MHz
A. No answer given
B. transducer
C. ASTM-E-1065
D. bandwidth
E. D-Scan

Test - Mmet 402, Exam 2, Ultrasonic Testing - Quizlet

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9/4/2019 Test: mmet 402, Exam 2, Ultrasonic Testing | Quizlet

146 Multiple choice questions

2. materials for damping

D. refract and scatter internal reflections

4. a mismatch in backing and matching

B. reduces sensitivity but increases material penetration

C. destructive interference and diffraction

D. backing, active element (λ/2), matching layer (λ/4)

E. beam spread (same amount of energy spread to a larger area)

6. in solids, waves can be transmitted:

B. longitudinal, shear, and plate

C. longitudinal or shear, or both wave forms simultaneously

E. reduces sensitivity but increases material penetration

7. typical range of frequency

C. 45, 60, and 70 degrees

9. use angle beams for:

B. peak energy plane

10. ultrasound is able to detect flaws due to:

D. much greater than

11. attenuation in near field only caused by

B. destructive interference and diffraction

C. beam spread (same amount of energy spread to a larger area)

D. Distance Amplitude Correction/Correlation (DAC)

E. refract and scatter internal reflections

B. beam from a finite source

D. pulse-echo immersion method

E. far field; sound intensity

15. 3 conventional UT inspection methods

C. pulse-echo, through-transmission, pitch-catch

D. peak energy plane

E. reduces sensitivity but increases material penetration

B. second critical angle

C. far field; sound intensity

17. reflection of sound in directions other than original direction of propagation

18. what is a better reflector than metallic inclusions?

19. thin materials

20. sound path leg 1 + sound path leg 2

B. damping and higher sensitivity

C. far field; sound intensity

E. Time Corrected Gain (TCG)

25. attenuation in near and far field caused by

B. reduces sensitivity but increases material penetration

C. break up of straight beam

D. absorption and scatter at grain boundaries

E. stiffness and density

26. preferred set up for range displayed on screen

B. thinner active element

D. ultrasonic attenuation (A)

E. break up of straight beam

E. near-surface and spatial resolution

29. produces an electrical charge when a mechanical vibration or shock is applied

D. crack tip defraction

30. component of a transducer that produces the ultrasonic beam

B. area directly in front of transducer

D. second critical angle

31. frequency of a sound determines the __ of a flaw

B. size (high freq for tiny flaws)

C. beam from a finite source

E. acoustic impedance (Z)

B. crack tip defraction

C. beam from a finite source

34. distance, depth, how long it takes sound to travel

D. crack tip defraction