REPORT ON REQUEST

FOR PROPOSAL
BROADBAND
WIRELESS ACCESS
NETWORK FOR ABC-TN
TELECOM NETWORK
Prepared By

 Mr.Manoj Jadhav
 Mr.Mandar Morajkar
 Mr.Jean Baptiste Martin
 Miss. Swapnali Katawate
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary 3.
1. Supplier overall presentation 4.
1.1 General information
1.2 Company profile
1.3 Customers

2. Understanding of the ABC-TN requirements. 5.

2.1 Technical requirements
2.2 BWA Network characteristics
2.3 BWA Network architecture

3. Proposed technical solutions. 9.

3.1 frequency selection
3.2 choice for BWA technology
3.3 Duplexing scheme
3.4 Frequency re-use pattern and cell site architecture.

4. Network planning and coverage calculations. 17.

4.1 Network architecture
4.2 Choice of equipments
4.3 Choice of propagation model
4.4 Link budget calculations

5. Network roll-out, deployment and maintenance plan. 24.

5.1 Bill of materials
5.2 Network rollout and deployment cost
5.3 Network maintenance cost
5.4 Expected traffic

6. APPENDIX 27.
6.1 List of figures
6.2 List of tables
DATASHEETS 28.
REFERENCES 30.

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Copyrights Wi-Flex Inc 2010.

Summary

This document discuss about the business proposal for the design of the
broadband wireless access network as per the requirements of the ABC-TN
Networks corp in their request for proposal.

In chapter 1 we start with small formal company introduction of Wi-Flex

corp regarding what we do, Followed by the understanding the requirements of
the ABC-TN corp. Such as Type of terrain, types of services offered, expected
number of users etc in chapter 2.

In section 3 we discuss about the different possible technical solutions

and selection of probably the right solution with right technology for the given
business case. We also discuss the right frequency reuse scheme, propagation
model, cell size, Peak data rates, QoS and other network and coverage aspects
in chapters 4&5 respectively.

In chapter 6 we discuss the initial network rollout plan with justified

choices of equipments, network architecture, Bill of materials etc. In chapter 7
we will discuss about the initial deployment cost of the network with upgrades
required from time to time we will also discuss the start up cost and incremental
cost per year.

In chapter 8 we are going to talk about maintenance of the network and

overall maintenance cost during the years of ownership. In chapter 9 We
conclude this report with proposed business case with net profit expected
through the exercise of the whole project.

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Copyrights Wi-Flex Inc 2010.
Chapter 1

Supplier overall information

1.1 General Information

Company Information
Main Office Wi-flex Technologies, Inc.
Address :80,rue du general leclerc
City, state, ZIP Code : Issy les Moulineaux, France 92130.
Phone number: +33 6 80 76 07 87
Fax number: +33 1 12345678

1.2 Company profile

Wi-Flex corporation is a French telecommunications company best

known for its Wi-Flex brand name

Wi-Flex Ltd. Concentrates on the wireless broadband markets,

which include top-tier operators & broadband service providers and
design last mile BWA access solution for different operators

We were incorporated in September 2006 under the laws of State

of Europe.

 No of employees : 345
 Net Profit 2008: 113 K$
 Net Profit 2009: 135 K$

1.3 Customers
We have over 1000 satisfied customers highlighting

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Copyrights Wi-Flex Inc 2010.
Chapter 2
Requirements of ABC-TN

2.1 Technical requirements

2.1.1 Overall requirements

The proposed solutions must take into account the fact that ABC-TN is
the owner of three frequency licenses awarded by the Regulatory Authorities for
point-to-multipoint communication systems in the spectrum 3.5 GHz, 3.7 GHz
and 5.8 GHz. However, other innovative alternatives can be proposed. In this
case, all the issues will be deeply explained and argued. As for any Telecom
operator, Quality of Service - QoS, and security are mandatory features for
ABC-TN. Adequate techniques must be considered. The proposed equipment
must comply with “five nine” reliability standards.

2.1.2 Preferred technologies

The RFP is open to standardised BWA technologies, as well as other

“proprietary” solutions. In case of standardised solutions, like WiMAX, the
following IEEE standards will be
preferred:
 802.16-2004,
 802.16e,
For terminating equipment or indoor and low end applications, WiFi standards
can also
be considered.
 802.11a / b / g / n,

2.4.3 Frequency bands

The proposed BWA systems must be able to cope with the following
frequency bands: 2.4 ,3.5, 3.7, 5.0 & 5.8 Ghz

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Copyrights Wi-Flex Inc 2010.

If other frequency bands need to be used for any reason, all the topics will be
described and justified.

2.2 BWA Network characteristics

The RFP considers, as a goal objective, a global nation wide coverage of
the BWA technology. But, for financial reasons the deployment will start on
targeted areas. So, for evaluation and calculation purposes several “Reference
Network Architectures” have been selected.
Accordingly, four different types of coverage will be considered. Each one will
be used for dimensioning and quotation exercises.

2.2.1 Network deployment and coverage

Four types of coverage are considered. Each one will use BWA
technology as radio access technique:
 very dense urban
 dense urban
 sub-urban residential
 wide rural area
Each Team focuses on one type of network architecture attached to one
environment and a set of services presented below. Calculations and simulations
will refer to one dedicated network configuration.

2.2.2 Type of environments

Four types of environments are considered:

 A: - Hilly, moderate to heavy tree density / Dense Urban,

 B: - Intermediate / Urban,
 C: - Flat, light tree density / Sub-Urban,
 D: - Indoor.

2.2.3 Type of services

Four types of services are considered:
 I - IP TV and VoD,
 H - High Speed Internet access for data transfer,
 V - Video conference High Quality,
 T - ToIP services,
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  M - Mobility.

2.3 BWA Network architecture

The following tables give the figures to be considered for each sub-network.

2.3.1 Network mapping and dimensioning

The BWA Network to be deployed is split in four different sub-networks

according to the requirement specifications detailed below.

Table 2.1

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Copyrights Wi-Flex Inc 2010.

2.3.2 Network Services evolution perspectives

The number of subscribers will evolve over the years. The penetration of
broadband services will evolve too.The following table gives a yearly
cumulative percentage to be taken into account. Global nation wide evolution

Table 2.2
2.3.3 BWA Network planning

Based theoretical propagation models tenderise will then calculate and

simulate coverage according to sub-network specifications. The chosen models
will be justified. Then, the network planning calculations will be presented and
explained. The increase of subscribers over the years must be taken into account
in the calculations.

2.3.4 BWA Network quotation

A full quotation of the BWA Network is requested including products

and services. All needed materials will be listed and quoted: power supplies,
base stations, feeders, antennas, customer premises equipments. The Bill of
Materials - BOM, will be detailed. All needed man power support for: network
planning, network engineering, installation, commissioning and will be quoted
accordingly. The quotation will refer to one dedicated sub-network according to
the proposed split. Any innovative financing solution that would optimise the
network business case and the Return of Investments - RoI for ABC-TN will be
considered.

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 Chapter 3

Proposed Technical Solution

3.1 Frequency band Selection

The available frequencies to provide BWA service are:

 2.4 GHz,
 3.5 GHz,
 3.7 GHz,
 5.0 GHz
 5.8 GHz

Naturally 3.5 Ghz band succeeds for following reasons:

 Licensed frequency Band (Only Licensed band available in france

for Wimax).

 ABC corp already have the license for 3.5Ghz & 3.7Ghz.

 Less interference allows high transmit power

 Support for NLOS and better coverage

3.2 Choice for BWA technology

Considering the all available options we had discovered that IEEE
Wimax 806.16e2005 standard works well for the requirements of this network.
Wi-fi is a good cheaper option but it does not give you mobility and mostly
used for the fixed access

Here are the key points of advantages of wimax over wifi network.

 Wimax set on the various frequencies level, it is ranging from 1.25 MHz
to 20 MHz. Wimax is runs on 802.16 protocol to access on the basis of
point and multipoint wireless standard. The new protocol standards are
802.16d and 802.16e. Functions of both the protocol are different. The
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 802.16d provides fixed connection while 802.16e provides remote
connection. In wifi only one protocol is access by users.

 Wimax communication system has design on the basis of different

frequency base. It provides two different kind of wireless services like
line of sight and non line of sight with different frequency level. In wifi
the frequency level is same.

 Wimax services are available in the rural area too while the wifi operator
are able to provide system for metro only.

 The coverage of wimax tower is in the range of 3000 sq. miles while the
wifi coverage is based on the hot spot locations.

 Wimax services can access in the interior area due to higher capacity of
the tower station while wifi system is limited to hot spot locations only.
There are limited hot spot locations available in the different area.

Wimax has many good feature than the wifi network system. You must have
to get the advantage of high speed communication if you have wimax access
available.

3.2.1 Overview of WiMAX

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is based on
the IEEE 802.16 standard for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). Its goal is to
deliver wireless broadband access to customers using base stations with
coverage distances in the order of miles. Originally, the standard considered
only fixed and nomadic links (802.16-2004) that could be used for “last mile”
connectivity providing an alternate to T1 and DSL wired lines or as a back-haul
for cellular or Wi-Fi networks. In order to address mobile subscribers, WiMAX
was expanded to include portable devices (802.16e) such as personal digital
assistants (PDAs), laptops, or phones. Supporting mobility require including
provisions for roaming and inter-cell handoff and incorporating more flexibility
into the standard to sustain multiple users demanding various types of services.
In mobile WiMAX, the system’s resources are dynamically allocated to deliver
high data rates seamlessly to terminals traveling at vehicular speeds. The
frequencies allocated for WiMAX span the 2-66 GHz range. The exact
frequency of operation for any given system is dependent on the propagation
conditions that are encountered during its use. The frequencies higher than 10
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GHz are practical only for fixed line-of-sight (LOS) type services. Non-line of
sight (NLOS) communications perform better when the frequencies of operation
are kept under 10 GHz. The frequencies below 6 GHz have better propagation
properties and are better suited for mobile communications because they most
likely guarantee service to all the niches of the coverage area.

WiMAX is a part of the evolution from voice-only wireless

communications systems toones that provide additional services like web
browsing, streaming media, gaming, instant messaging, and other content.
Being able to deliver a wide variety of services also requires a delivery system
that is flexible and can efficiently allocate system resources. The 802.16
standard offers adjustable data rate to and from each user while maintaining the
required quality of service (QoS). Certain applications require higher error
resilience and latency requirements that directly factor into the QoS. Real-time
services, for example, have strict latency tolerances. The system resources are
allocated and scheduled dynamically by the base station on a frame by frame
basis to keep up with the need of the users in the environment. To approach the
theoretical capacity of the system, WiMAX uses a combination of adaptive
modulation schemes and coding ranging from . rate QPSK to 5/6 rate 64QAM.
The amount of error correction applied to each transmission is adjustable and
can be changed depending on the required QoS and based on the reliability of
the link between each user and the base station. The higher modulation
constellations offer a larger throughput per frequency-time slot but not all users
receive adequate signal levels to reliably decode all modulation types. Users
that are close to the base station that exhibit good propagation and interference
characteristics are assigned with higher modulation constellations to minimize
the use of system resources. While users that are in less favourable areas use the
lower order modulations for communications to ensure data is received and
decoded correctly at the expense of additional frequency/time slots for the same
amount of throughput. Assigning modulations based on the link conditions
increases the overall capacity of the system. The use of variable or adaptive
modulations to increase capacity is a trend also observed in other recently
developed mobile phone and data standards like WCDMA.

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Following table shows the different standards available in Wimax.

Table 3.1

There are two main standards 802.16d (Fixed) and 802.16e (Mobile) following
table compares the two standards

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 Table 3.2

Comparing two standards the preferred technology standard is

WIMAX 802.16e2005 because it supports mobility with high data rates

The reason choosing behind this technology:

 Mobile WiMAX physical layer is based on Scalable OFDMA

technology
 It supports large variety of devices such as Outdoor and indoor
CPEs, Laptop PCMCIA or mini cards, PDAs or smart phones.
 Connectivity at high vehicular speed.
 It works in licensed as well as unlicensed frequency spectrum.

 High Data rates, QoS, Scalability, Security

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3.2.2 802.16e2005 Wimax technical specification:
 Modulation: S-OFDMA
 Duplexing Scheme: TDD
 Frequency: 3.5 GHz
 Spectrum: 3.4-3.6GHz
 Spectrum BW: 200 MHz
 Channel BW: 10 MHZ
 Sub-Carrier Frequency Spacing: 10.94 kHz
 Useful Symbol Time (Tb = 1/f): 91.4 microseconds
 Guard Time (Tg =Tb/8): 11.4 microseconds
 OFDMA Symbol Duration (Ts = Tb + Tg) : 102.9 microseconds
 Number of OFDMA Symbols (5 ms Frame): 48

3.2.3 Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)

Mobile WiMAX uses OFDM as a multiple-access technique,

whereby different users can be allocated different subsets of the OFDM
tones .Scalable OFDMA is the OFDMA mode is used in Mobile Wi-
MAX defined in IEEE .Scalability is supported by adjusting the size of
FFT size while fixing the sub-carrier frequency spacing in10.94 kHz. It
supports channel bandwidths ranging from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz.

S-OFDMA Parameters:

Table 3.3

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3.3 Duplexing scheme
Mobile Wimax has a Support for TDD as well as FDD:
TDD is favored by a majority of implementations because of its
advantages:
 Flexibility in choosing uplink-to-downlink data rate ratios.
 Ability to exploit channel reciprocity.
 Ability to implement in nonpayer spectrum.

3.4 Frequency re-use pattern and cell site architecture

Fractional frequency reuse

The operating spectrum is scarcest resource in network

deployment. Mobile Wimax which will be deployed like 2G and 3G
cellular networks, supports fractional frequency reuse. It works by
allowing users at a cell centre to operate on all available sub-channels,
while users at a cell edge are only allowed to operate on a fraction of the
total available sub-channels. A fraction of the total available sub-channels
is allocated in such a way that adjacent cell edges will operate on
different sets of sub-channels. Fractional frequency reuse takes advantage
of the fact that a mobile Wimax user transmits on sub-channels (because
in OFDMA, a channel is divided into sub-channel segmentation) and
does not occupy en entire channel such as in 3G. In figure f1,f2,f3
represents different sets of sub-channels in the frequency channel. With
the multi cell layout shown below for omni sites, full load frequency
reuse is maintained for the users close to the centre of the cell and
fractional frequency reuse is implemented for cell edge users. Fractional
frequency reuse maximizes spectral efficiency for users at the cell centre
and improves signal strength and throughput for users at the cell edge.

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 Figure 3.1

Frequency reuse 1 is used with no sectors because of fewer no cells and

users.

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 Chapter 4

Network planning and coverage calculations.

4.1 Network architecture
The wimax network use point to multipoint architecture with
typical network schematic shown below in figure

Figure 4.1

With central base station communicating with several CPEs and BWA
network is connected to the core network through network gateway.

4.2 Choice of equipments

Wimax equipments consists following list of items

 Base station

 CPE(customer premises equipment)

 Network gateway

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Proposed solution have all airspan devices to provide homogeneous
solution. Reason for that is

 All at one place, homogenous solution.

 Over 20,000 satisfied customers
 Certified by WiMAX forum
 Wide range of solutions
 We are the authorized distributers for Airspan .

Base Station product

It uses hipermax base stations by airspan features of above base station is

highlighted as below:

 Supports 802.16e-2005 SOFDMA

 Supports wide range of frequency bands 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz,
3.3GHz, 3.5GHz, 3.7GHz, 4.9GHz, 5.4GHz, 5.8GHz
 Up to 40dBm transmit power
 Supports FDD and TDD profiles
 Advanced antenna options, including diversity, MIMO and SAS
 Supports Fractional Frequency Reuse utilising PUSC modes in
OFDMA

Customer premise equipment (CPE)

Airspans EasyST-2 CPEs

Features:

 Supports both Mobile WiMAX and Fixed WiMAX profiles

 Indoor “self-install” CPE
 Small form factor and built-in antenna
 Supports Mobile and Fixed WiMAX profiles
 Optional Stackable Wi-Fi and VoIP units
 Fully Nomadic Operation

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Airspan’s MiMAX USB – Mobile WiMAX Device

Features:

 First Mobile WiMAX USB device on the market

 Small form factor
 Pure plug-and-play operation
 Quad-band for maximum roaming convenience
 Optional MiMAX Finder for detecting WiMAX networks

Core network

ControlMAX – Airspan’s Mobile WiMAX ASN Gateway Solution

Features:

 First Mobile WiMAX USB device on the market

 Small form factor
 Pure plug-and-play operation
 Quad-band for maximum roaming convenience
 Optional MiMAX Finder for detecting WiMAX networks

Data sheets for all the equipments are given at the end of this report.

4.3 Choice of propagation model

The propagation models are used for determining cell radius from
the maximum allowable path loss(MAPL)value derived in the link budget
calculation.
Depending on the spectrum allocated to the area to be planned, an
appropriate propagation model that suits the allocated spectrum and
propagation environment must be selected or modelled.
The chosen propagation model is SUI (Stanford University
Interim) terrains C which is for Rural area.
We select SUI (Stanford University Interim) which is an adequate
model at frequencies of up to 4GHz. Unlike other models which take
buildings into consideration, SUI uses three different ground profiles: A,
B and C.

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Profile A is suited for big losses, which includes mountains, big
vegetation, etc. (but not buildings).
Profile B is suited for medium losses.
Profile C for few losses (such as open Areas).

Figure below compares the performances of the some of the well known
Propagation models.

Figure 4.2

Following calculations determine the maximum distance between

transmitter and receiver by making use of the maximum allowable path
loss(MAPL) between them. It is calculated using below given formula.

where the parameters are

d: Distance between BS and receiving antenna [m]

d0: 100 [m]

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λ : Wavelength [m]

Xf: Correction for frequency above 2 GHz [MHz]

Xh: Correction for receiving antenna height [m]

s: Correction for shadowing [dB]

γ :Path loss exponent

The log normally distributed factor s, for shadow fading because of trees and
other clutter on a propagations path and its value is between 8.2 dB and 10.6 dB
[1].

where, the parameter hb is the base station antenna height in meters. This is
between 10 m and 80 m. The constants a, b, and c depend upon the types of
terrain, that are given in Table 4.1. The value of parameter γ = 2 for free space
propagation in an urban area, 3 < γ < 5 for urban NLOS environment, and γ > 5
for indoor propagation [2].

Model Parameter Terrain A Terrain B Terrain C

a(m-1) 4.6 4.0 3.6

b 0.0075 0.0065 0.005

c (m) 12.6 17.1 20

Table 4.1

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The frequency correction factor Xf and the correction for receiver antenna
height Xh for the model are expressed

where, f is the operating frequency in MHz, and hr is the receiver antenna

height in meter. For the above correction factors this model is extensively used
for the path loss prediction of all three types of terrain in rural, urban and
suburban environments.

4.4 Link budget calculations

The link budget is calculated from maximum allowable path loss from the
datasheets of the equipments which turns to be approximately 143 dB.

Calculations are made taking into consideration SUI C model for outdoor
environment with following key results

 Cell radius: 1.6 km

 Area: 100km2
 Useful Area: 70 km2
 No of base stations: 11

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The peak data rates are calculated from taking into account the channel
bandwidth and provided services to the users.

Table 4.2

From the above tables it is clear that

 Peak data rate for DL: 31.68 Mbps

 Peak data rate for UL: 23.52 Mbps
 Average data rates for DL: 14.35 Mbps
 Average data rates for UL: 10.65 Mbps

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 Chapter 5

NETWORK ROLLOUT, DEPLOYMENT AND

MAINTENANCE PLAN

5.1 Bills of materials

 Cost per base station : 30 KEuros

 Cost per network gateway: 900 Euros

 Total bills of material: 330,900 Euros

5.2 Expected traffic

Expected traffic is shown as below

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Expected increase in 575 662 728 765 780

terms of No.of
subscribers.

Expected increase in 115 133 147 162 171

terms of No.of VoIP
users

Table 5.1

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900
800
700
600
Exp.Increase in
500
No.of subscriber
400
Exp.Increase in
300 No.of VoIP user
200
100
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Figure 5.1

5.3 Network rollout and deployment cost

Network deployment cost:

 cost per BS: 30KE

 total BS cost: 330KE
 Labor cost per day(1 Eng + 4 Tech): 1730E
 Total labor cost + Transport (66 days): 115KE
 Total deployment cost: 445KE

Period for deployment of complete network: 3 months

All the calculations are based on current market prices and

demands of ABC-TN corp.

The complete network is deployed in one phase and will not

require a update because it is capable of matching the
requirements upto year 2014.

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5.3 Network maintenance cost
We proposed a maintenance service after every two years of
network deployment which includes testing of performance and
upgradation of software. Service is provided for free.

 Spare parts - 5% of HW

Total cost of ownership of the network for 5 years is : 3,47,445 euros

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 APPENDIX

LIST OF FIGURES

3.1 Frequency re-use 16.

4.1 Network architecture 17.

4.2 Link budget 20.

5.1 Expected traffic 25.

LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Network requirement specifications 7.

2.2 Network Services evolution 8.

3.1 802.16 wimax standards 12.

3.2 802.16d vs 802.16e 13.

3.3 S-OFDMA parameters 14.

4.1 SUI C model parameters 21.

4.2 peak and average data rates 23.

5.1 expected traffic 24.

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 DATASHEETS

Technical datasheet- base stations

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Technical datasheet – End user devices

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 REFERENCES:

http://www.wimaxforum.org/

http://www.wimax360.com/

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