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Nervous System m
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Neuron (Parenchyma)
Two Major Divisions of the Nervous System Neuron – functional unit of the nervoustissue
Parts of Neuron:
Development
A. Cell body (Perikaryon) Nucleus
Neurulation – embryonic process by whichcells of the CNS
euchromatic(metabolically
and PNS are initially produced
rd active)
- Starts at the 3 week of embryonic Well - developed nucleus
development mononucleated
Ectoderm → neural plate → neural fold →neural groove Centered nucleus
→ neural tube → neural crest
Axon hillock
- Pyramid – shaped region of the perikaryon
- Contains various ion channel for signal initiation
Microscopic Human Structural Biology
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Nervous System m
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Dr.| 08292017 te
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Terminal boutons - Propagated along the axon
- Small swellings at the end of the axon - Depolarization produced by the voltage gated Na+
Dendrites and K+ channels in the axolemma
- Principle signal reception and processing
sites on neurons Synaptic Communication
- Highly branched
Presynaptic cell (electrical signal)→Postsynaptic cell
Synapse (chemical signal)
- Interneuron connection
- Ensures transmission is Types of Synapse
Unidirectional
1. Axosomatic synapse
Connection: axon →cell body
*Synaptic clef – gap between pre synapse and post synapse
2. Axodendritic synapse
Myelin sheath
Connection: axon →dendrite
- Covering of the axon
- Acts as an insulator
Nodes of Ranvier 3. Axoaxonic synapse
- Nodes between myelin sheaths that is essential for Connection: axon →axon
faster conduction of
nerve impulses Glial Cells (Stroma)
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Nervous System m
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Dr.| 08292017 te
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Nerve Organization
Ependymal Cells 1. Endoneurium
- Columnar or cuboidal cells that lines the ventricles -outermost layer
of the brains and central canal of the spinal cord - made of reticular fibers, scattered
fibroblast and capilliaries
- Dense irregular connective tissue
Ganglia
Pyramidal Cells
- Shape: pear with apical dendrite - Relay stations to transmit nerve impulses
- Found in: Cerebrum
Spinal Ganglia