BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISASTER T - Total damages to life, limb, and property.

Disaster - Is an incidence unsettling the customary E - Exceed the capacity of a neighborhood to

situation of subsidence and resulting to a point of manage
distress that go beyond the capacity of adaptation of
the affected community. R - Recovery takes months or years.

- Originated from the French word "des" 2 Major Classifications of Disaster - Natural
meaning bad, "aster" meaning star, Disaster and Man-Made Disaster
literally means "BAD STAR" Natural Disaster - Volcanic Eruptions, Typhoons,
- Ancient people believed that disaster Tsunamis, Tornado, Flood.
occurs due to inauspicious position of the Man-Made Disaster - Oil Spills, Armed Conflict,
planets thus the name "Evil Star" Nuclear Explosions, Vehicular Accidents, Terrorist
John Hopkins Bloomberg (School of Public Bombings.
Health) - defined disaster as sudden overwhelming EFFECT OF DISASTERS
and unforeseen events in different levels. ; Disaster
in Household level, Community Level, and Human Impact - Death or Injury (most concerned
Provincial Level of the government), Illness, Food and water
shortages, Inadequate Sanitations, Psychosocial
Household Level - Events that concerns major
Destruction (due to loss of love ones, displacement
health issues, financial difficulties, death of loved
from home, property damage, trauma)
one, or social adversities.
Environmental Damage - Vectors (vector borned
Community Level - Occurrences like fire, collapse
diseases, caused by animals).
of buildings during an earthquake, flood, outbreak
of communicable and contagious diseases, and Infrastructure Damage - Recovery of Utility
displacement of people due to armed conflicts. Services, Destruction of Utility Services, and
Delivery of basic needs.
Provincial Level - Untoward incidences that affects
large number of people and surpass the capability DISASTER CYCLE
to cope without government assistance.
RA 10121 - Section 3 of the Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010,
defines disaster as a severe disruption of a
community or society's day to day functioning that
involves extensive physical, financial, material or
ecological losses and it's devastation surpass the
capacity of the affected people or community to
deal with utilizing its own resources.

D - Disruption of function of a large number of

people.
I - Impact involves human, material, monetary and
ecological loses.
S - Sudden devastating and unexpected events.
A - Affect different levels of society Mitigation - Is defined as planning and
preparations employ to minimize the impact of
S - Safe keeping measures is the utmost concern. disaster. Mitigating measures are taken before,
during, and after a disaster. Is the most important
aspect of disaster cycle
Preparation - Utilization of all government
agencies and non government.
RA 7160 - Local government heads can perform
emergency measures needed during and in the
aftermath of any disasters.
Response - Is the mobilization of forces done
during and immediately after a calamitous event.
It's Vital mission is to save life, limb and property.
- Arabic term "az-zarhr" meaning luck or
chance.
- Hazard may lead to a disaster only when
it interacts with vulnerable population.
- The effect of any hazard differs between
communities depending on vigilance,
resiliency, and mitigation efforts.
KINDS OF HAZARD
Environmental Hazard - Examples are:

Recovery - Return to normal life after a disaster. - Pollution - Deforestation

People who lost limb - Attaining their optimum - Desertification

health.
Geological Hazard - Examples are:
Lost of Properties - Rebuilding of houses of
businesses. - Earthquake - Dam Burst

Lost of Lives - Recovery of loved ones, accepting - Tsunami - Mine Fire

one's fate and learning the lessons of event. - Volcanic Eruption - Landslide
BEACH - Identified the disaster management cycle Hydro meteorological Hazard - Examples are:
as:
- Typhoon - Cold Wave
1. Mitigation / Preparedness - Pre- Disaster Phase
(>>> Capacity Building >>> Pre- Impact) - Flood - Sea Erosion
2. Response - Disaster Phase (>>> Emergency >>> - Hailstorm - Avalanche
Restoration)
- Drought - Cloud Burst
3. Recovery - Post Disaster Phase ( >>>
Restoration >>> Reconstruction) - Landslide - Blizzard

DISASTER RISK - Heat Wave - Lightning

R - Resources are in danger of being lost. Biological Hazard - Examples are:

I - Incident occurring in particular locale over - Diseases - Food Poisoning

period of time. - Pest Attack - Weapon of
S - Surveillance is essential in disaster preparation. . Mass Destruction

K - ( constant ) Disaster Equation = Category A - Examples are:

 Arthrax
(Hazard * Vulnerability) / Capacity
- Bacillus Anthracis
BASIC CONCEPT OF HAZARD
 Botulinum Toxin
Hazard - Source of danger that may cause injury or
harm. - Claustridum Botulinum
- Came from the old French word "hasard"  Plague
 - Yesinia Pestis 2. Disaster Risk Exposure Assessment for
Mitigation (DREAM-LIDAR), an accurate 3D
 Small Pox Presentation of floods and hazards maps.
- Variola Urus 3. Geohazards mapping through LIDAR, aims to
identify areas prone to landslide.
 Hemmoragic Fever
4. Coastal hazards and storm surge assessment and
Category B - Examples are: mitigation (CHASSAM), detects coastal
 Typhus Fever circulation, wave surge and refraction that helps
determine and resolve coastal erosion.
- Rhikettsia Proucizeksi
5. Flood Net Project, a flood center that provides
 Viral Encephalitis accurate and updated flood warning system.
 Salmonella
6. LaDDeRS (Local Development of Doppler
 Shigella
Radar System), targets to create a doppler radar
 E- Colli available to detect sea surface parameters like wave,
Category C - Examples are: surface current velocity and wind field.

 Hantavirus 7. Landslide Sensors Development, aims to

generate a sensor based monitoring and warning
 Nipah Fever
system for slope failures, landslides and debris
Chemical Hazard - Examples are: flow.

Intentional - Criminal Acts of terrorism 8. WHIP (Weather Hazard Information Project),

causing the release of toxic chemicals.
- Sarin Smoke
Unintentional
- Chernobyl Meltdown
Accident - Related Hazard - Examples are:
- Vehicular Accidents - Building Collapse
- Airplane Crash - Terrorist Bombing
- Forest Fire
Hydro meteorological and Geological Hazard -
Are significant events in disaster planning.
PROJECT NOAH ( Nationwide
Operational Assessment of Hazards)
AND 9 COMPONENT PROJECT OF DOST
TOGETHER WITH WARNING AGENCIES
LIKE PAGASA AND PHIVOLCS
PROJECT NOAH TOOLS AND COMPONENT
1. Distribution of Hydromet devices to
typhoon and flood areas in the country.
utilization of Web Portal and DOST, which provide
real time satellite, doppler radar, to inform the
public to prepare againsts calamities.
9. Strategic Communication, utilizing information,
education and communication activities.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
Earthquake - Is an unexpected discharge of energy
in the Earth's crust causing movements along a fault
line or a direct cause of a volcanic activity ensuing
in the production of seismic waves.
- It is considered as the deadliest and
most dangerous natural occurrence in the planet in
terms of depth and length.
2 MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF
EARTHQUAKE
Natural - Naturally occurring earthquakes along
fault lines.
Man-Made - Earthquakes caused by explosions
detonated by man.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF EARTHQUAKE
BASED ON CAUSE:
Tectonic Earthquakes - Tectonic plates are slack
movable fragments of lands on the earth's crust.
- These plates have
tendency to shift by bit at a steady rate.
- The movements can be
toward each other (Convergent), away from each
other (Divergent), can smash together or can glide
past each other (transform).
Volcanic Earthquakes - Volcanic Eruption
produces tremors that occur before or after an
explosion.
- It is relatively not
common unlike tectonic earthquake.
Collapse Earthquakes - Also known as "mine
burst"
- Underground mining
usually produces a tremor that can be felt on Earth's
surface.
- It usually occurs in locales
utilized as mining sites.
Explosion Earthquakes - These are tremors
directly caused by nuclear detonations.
- Regarded as one of the
ill-effects of nuclear war.
- It occurs in places where
nuclear testing is done.
EARTHQUAKE S-A-F-E-T-Y CHECKLIST
S - See and visit you local disaster risk reduction
agency for building codes before you build your
home.
A - Arrange your heavy furniture, water tanks, and
gas tank, in a lower ground.
F - Family members should be familiar in turning
off gas tank, water valve, electricity.
E - Emergency Kit should be ready, available and
functioning properly.
T - Teach each member of the family how to use
the emergency equipment.
Y - You and your family need to know what to do
and how to be safe during and after earthquake.
Make sure you have a walking distance meeting
place after the earthquake.
GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH EARTHQUAKE
Ground Shaking - It is created by SEISMIC earth
movements, when the ground shakes strongly
building may collapse and their occupants may be
wounded or die.
Liquefaction - Occurs when trembling of
earthquake cause of a soil to lose strength and flow.
Earthquake - Induced ground subsidence and
landslide
Tsunami - Also known as seismic waves; large
wave in the ocean, usually cause by underwater
volcanic eruption, earthquake, earthquake, or
coastal landslide.
SENSE A TSUNAMI
1. Do you FEEL severe tremor?
2. Do you SEE high water surge?
3. Do you HEAR a bizarre howl?
4. RUN to an elevated ground if you experience
strong shaking.
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
B - Battery operated radio, flashlight, fire
extinguisher, first aid kit, emergency kit need to be
ready always.
E - Encourage to learn first aid.
F - Familiarize how to use emergency equipment,
learn how to turn off gas, water and electricity
valve.
O - Overall plan where to meet your family after an
earthquake
R - Rearrange and anchor heavy objects, furniture's
and appliances to wall where they could not fall.
E - Earthquake plan in your work place and school
must be learned and practice at all times.